Biography
Kolchak Alexander Vasilevelevich - Mutungamiriri akakurumbira uye Shamentman weRussia, muongorori wePolar. Munguva yehondo yevagari vemo, akapinda mune zvemutungamiri wenhoroondo semutungamiri weiyo chena kufamba. Kuongorora kwehunhu hweKolchak ndeimwe yemapeji anokakavara uye anotyisa eiyo Russian nhoroondo yezana ramakore rechi20.
Alexander Kolchak akaberekerwa munaNovember 16, 1874 mumusha weAlexandrovskoe mumugwagwa weSt. Petersburg, mumhuri yenhaka yenhaka. Tsvimbo Kolchakov yakatsauke mumunda wemauto, ndichishumira humambo hweRussia kwemazana emakore. Baba vake vaive gamba renjodzi yeSevastopol panguva yekuita mushandirapamwe.
Dzidzo
Kusvikira pamakore gumi nematatu akagamuchira dzidzo yekumba. Muna 1885-88 Alexander akadzidza pa6muthtermth Gymnasium ye St. Petersburg, maari akapedza kudzidza kubva kumatatu matatu. Ipapo akapinda mugungwa Cadet Corps, iyo yakaratidza kubudirira kwakanaka kwazvo mune zvese zvidzidzo. Semudzidzi akanakisa pane ruzivo rwesainzi uye maitiro akanyoreswa mukirasi yeMartyoyarins uye akagadzwa Fellfelm. Akapedza kudzidza kubva kuCadet Corps muna 1894 muChikwata cheMikman.Carier kutanga
Kubva 1895 kusvika 1899, kolchak akashanda muMauto Balic uye Pacific Fleets, katatu akafamba rwendo rwepasi. Akange achiita kudzidza akazvimirira egungwa rePacific, vanonyanya kufarira nzvimbo dzayo dzekuchamhembe. Muna 1900, vadiki vechidiki vekumhanya vakashandurwa mune dzidziso yesainzi. Panguva ino, mabasa ekutanga esainzi anotanga kuoneka, kunyanya, chinyorwa nezvekucherechedzwa kwake pamusoro pevafundisi vegungwa. Asi chinangwa chemutungamiriri wechidiki haangori zvisizvo, asiwo zvinoshanda - anorota ekuenda kune imwe yedare rePolar.
Achifarira mabhuku ake, muongorori anozivikanwa weArctic Baron E. V. Toll inoratidza Kolchak kutora chikamu mukutsvaga kwenzvimbo yenzvimbo yeanonov. Mushure mekutsvaga iyo Inoshaika Toll, ari paIlbete kubva kuChieoner "Zalla", uye ipapo pane imbwa ichisvetuka inoita shanduko ine njodzi uye inowana zororo remafi. Munguva iyi yemushandirapamwe une njodzi, kolchak waizotonhora chaizvo uye chakapona nenzira inoshamisa vapenyu mushure mekuparadzwa kwakasimba kwemapapu.
Hondo yeRussia-yechiRussia
Muna Kurume 1904, pakarepo mushure mekutanga kwehondo, pasina kudzorera zvachose chirwere, kolchak akawana madhiri kuPort Artur. Iyo Museum "akatsamwa" pasi pemurairo wake akatora chikamu mukuiswa kwemisungo yemisungo ine njodzi kubva kuJapan Raid. Kutenda kune izvi zviito zvehondo, ngarava dzinoverengeka dzemuvengi dzakadzikiswa.
Mumwedzi ichangopfuura, akaraira artillery yemahombekombe, iyo yakakanganisa muvengi anooneka. Munguva yekurwira yakakuvara, mushure mekutora nhare, akabatwa. Sechiratidzo chekucherechedzwa kwemweya wake wehondo, murairo wehondo yeJapan akasiya kumhanyisa kwechombo uye kusunungurwa kubva kuutapwa. Nekuti kuratidzwa kwegamba, akapiwa:
- Georgiev chombo;
- Orders of St. Anne naSt. Stanislav.
Kurwira kudzora zvikepe
Mushure mekurapwa muchipatara kolchak inogamuchira zororo remwedzi mitanhatu. Kusangana nemwoyo wose kurasikirwa kwakazara kwechikepe cheko muhondo neJapan, zvinoshanda nesimba pabasa rerumutsiriro rwaro.
Muna June 1906, kolchak aive akatungamirirwa nebasa revafambi nevashandi vegungwa kujekesa zvikonzero zvekukunda Tsushiim. Semunyanzvi emauto, aigara achiita pamanzwiro eHurumende Duma aine kururamisa kugovera mari inodiwa.
Basa rake rakazvitsaurira kune izvo zvezvinhu zvechikepe cheRussia chakazova hwaro hwechikepe chemuRussia chevaranda chemuRussia muhondo isati yasvika. Sechikamu chekushandiswa kwayo kweKolchak muna 1906-1908. Iwe pachako unogadzirisa kuvakwa kwenhumbi dzine nhumbi dzokurwa uye maviri echando.
Kuti uwane mupiro unokosha pakudzidza kweiyo Russian kuchamhembe, Lieutenant kolchak akasarudzwa nhengo yeRussia geographic nzanga. Iyo zita rekuti "kolchak-polar" yakawanikwa.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kolchak inoenderera ichishanda zvekuita zvekushanda kwezvinhu zvedzidziso dzakapfuura. Muna 1909, basa renzvimbo ye ice yeKara uye Siberian sea yakaburitswa muna 1909 inozivikanwa sedanho idzva mukuumbwa kwePolar Origurity pakudzidza kwechando.
Hondo Yenyika I
Kaiser Command aive achigadzirira Blitzkrieg St. Petersburg. Heinrich Putus, Mutungamiriri wechikepe cheGerman, aive achiverengera pamazuva ekutanga ehondo kuti aende kuboka reFinnish kuguta guru uye akaiswa pasi pemoto weimba yake ine simba.
Akaparadza zvinhu zvakakosha, akafungidzira kuti ivhu rive nzvimbo, ndokubata Petersburg uye apedza mauto aRussia. Iko kuitwa kwemapurojekiti eNapoleonic akadzivirira ruzivo uye zviito zvakanaka zveRussia veRussia maofisi.
Akapihwa mukana wakakura wehuwandu hwezvikepe zveGerman, chirongwa chekutanga chekurwa nemuvengi chakazivikanwa sechirwere chehondo yangu. Iyo kolchakov chikamu yakatotunura zviuru zvitanhatu min munzvimbo yemvura yeiyo gulf yeFinland. Minesing manhamba emigodhi ave iva nhoo yakavimbika yekudzivirira kweguta guru uye akaronga zvirongwa zvechikepe cheGerman kuti abate russia.
Mune ramangwana, kolchak akaramba achiratidza zvirongwa zvekuchinja kune zviito zvakanyanya zvehasha. Watopera pakupera kwa1914, kushanda kwakashinga, iko kushanda kwakashinga kwakaitwa neminining the Danzig Bay zvakananga pamhenderekedzo yomuvengi. Semhedzisiro yekuvhiya uku, makumi matatu nemashanu emavengi akasvibiswa. Zviito zvinobudirira zvegwenzi rakatsemuka kukwidziridzwa kwayo.
MunaSeptember 1915, akagadzwa mutungamiriri weboka rangu. Mukutanga kwaGumiguru, ivo vakatorwa nehwanda rakashinga pakutora kutakura pamhenderekedzo yeRiga Bay kubatsira hondo yekuchamhembe kumberi. Iko kuvhiya kwakaitwa zvakabudirira zvekuti muvengi haana kana kufungidzira kuvapo kwevaRussia.
Muna June 1916, A. V. Kolchak akagadzirwa nehuremu hweHurumende muChi mutungamiri-in-mukuru weiyo dema yegungwa. Mumufananidzo, ngarava ine tarenda inobatwa muchimiro cheParade neese kurwisa regalia.
Nguva Yekuchinja
Mushure mekuchinja kweFebrubhi, Kolkak aive akatendeka zvachose kuna mambo. Achinzwa zano revachimiriri vengarava kuti vapfuure zvombo, vachipokana nechiitiko chake nemashoko anoti: "Kunyange maJapan haana kutora zvombo kwandiri, ini handingakupi!"Kusvika kuPetrograd, Kolkak haana mhosva pahurumende inoshumirwa yekudonha kweuto rake uye nyika. Mushure meizvozvo, kuyemura kunetsa kwakabviswa chaizvo mune zvematongerwo enyika pamusoro weMisangano yeAllies yeAmerica kuAmerica.
MunaDecember 1917, anobvunza hurumende yeGreat Britain yekunyoresa muchiuto. Nekudaro, mamwe denderedzwa ari kutobheja pane kolchak semutungamiri ane masimba anokwanisa kudzikisira kusunungurwa kurwira kurwisa kurwisa kurwisa.
Mukumaodzanyemba kweRussia, uto rekuzvidira rishande, muSiberia uye kuMabvazuva makanga mune hurumende zhinji dzakapararira. Vakabatana munaSeptember 1918, vakagadzira dhairekitori, kusawirirana kwacho kwakafuridzirwa kusavimbika nevashandi vemukuru uye bhizinesi denderedzwa. Vaida "ruoko rwakasimba" uye, vakaita jasi jena, rakapa kolchak kutora zita remukuru weRussia weRussia.
Zvinangwa zveKolchakovsky Hurumende
Wezvematongerwo enyika weKolchak ndiye aidzoreredzwa kweanonyanya kuitwa neMusangano weRussia. Mapato ese ekurera airambidzwa nemirairo yayo. Hurumende yeSiberia yaida kuyananiswa kwemapoka ese ehuwandu uye mapato, pasina kutora chikamu kwekuruboshwe uye kurudyi radical. Shanduko yehupfumi yakagadzirirwa, inosanganisira kusikwa kweiyo indasitiri kuSiberia.
Mukukunda kwakanyanya kweuto reKolchak vakakwanisa kuwana muchirimo cha1919, paakatora ndima yeUral. Nekudaro, mushure mekubudirira, kutevedzana kwekutadza, kunokonzerwa neakawanda zvisizvo, zvakatanga:
- kusakwanisa kwe kolchak mumatambudziko ekutonga kwenyika;
- kuramba kugadzirisa nyaya yekurima;
- Partisan naJeice kuramba;
- kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika nevelies.
MunaNovember 1919, kolchak akamanikidzwa kuti aende kuOmsk; Muna Ndira 1920, denikin akapa masimba ake. Nekuda kwekutengeswa kweMunyori Czech Czech, akaendeswa kune maoko eBolshevakov Rever, uyo akabata simba muIrkutsk.
Kufa kweAdmiral Kolchak
Iko kuguma kwemunhu anokweretesa akaguma zvinosiririsa. Chikonzero cherufu, vamwe vanyori venhoroondo vanodaidzira chakavanzika chiratidzo cheV. I. Lenin, uyo aive achikwezva kusunungurwa kwake nekukasira kuAdorrics of Kincapel. A. V. Kolchak akapfurwa munaFebruary 7, 1920 muIrkutsk.Muzana ramakore rechi21, kuongororwa kwakashata kwehunhu hwaKolchak kwakagadziridzwa. Zita rake risingafi nzvimbo munzvimbo dzechirangaridzo, midziyo, mune mafirimu.
Hupenyu Hwako
Mukadzi waColchak, Sophia Omorova, anoteerera nhaka. Nekuda kwekungotaurwa, kwemakore akati wandei akamirira kucheka kwake. Muchato wavo wakaitika muna Kurume 1904 muTembere yeIrkutsk.
Vana vatatu vakaberekerwa muwanano:
- Mwanasikana wekutanga akaberekerwa muna 1905 akafa mukufamba.
- Mwanakomana Rostislav, 03.03.1910.
- Mwanasikana waMargarita, akaberekwa muna 1912, akafa aine makore maviri.
Sophia Omorova muna1919 nerubatsiro rweBritish webritaincies, pamwe chete neMwanakomana wake, vakatamira kuna Constanta, uye gare gare kuParis. Akafa muna 1956, akavigwa mumakuva evaRussia parisians.
Mwanakomana Rostislav - Mushandi weBanga reAlgerian, rakatorwa muhondo nevaGerman padivi pehondo yeFrance. Akafira muna 1965. Muzukuru weKolchak - Alexander, akazvarwa muna 1933, anogara muParis.
Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwemukadzi chaiye weKolchak ndiye aigaryo rudo anna Timirev. Kuzivana neAdmiral kwakaitika muna 1915 muHelsterfers, kwaakauya nemurume wake, mukuru wemitambo. Mushure mekurambana muna 1918 vakatevera kuyemura. Akasungwa neKolchak, uye mushure mekunge aurayigeda apedza makore anopfuura makumi matatu mumatirongo akasiyana siyana nematirongo. Iyo yakagadzirwazve, yakafa muna 1975 muMoscow.
Chokwadi chinonakidza
- Alexander Kolchak akabhabhatidzwa muChechi yeUtatu, iyo inozivikanwa nhasi inodaidzwa kuKulich neIsita.
- Pakati peimwe yedanho rePolar, kolchak rinoti chitsuwa ichi muzere kukudza zita remwenga wake, raive rakamumirira iye muguta guru. Iri zita izita reCape Sofya rinenge rinenge nguva yedu.
- A. V. Kolchak akazova chechina munhoroondo nedare nedare rekuputika, uyo akagamuchira mubairo wepamusoro wepamusoro wenzvimbo yetice - konstantinov menduru. Pamberi pake, iyo Great F. Nanen, NDRDENCENCELD, N. YURGERI YAKABUDA.
- Makadhi ayo kolchak aishandiswa nevevieet vafambisi veSoviet kusvika pakupera kwe1950s.
- Kufa kwaKolchak kusati kwagamuchira iyo yekupa kusunga maziso ake. Akaunza mudzanga wake kumutungamiriri wokuuraya zita reHcc.