Biography
Iyo Legendary Batka Makwano yakajeka uye inokatyamadza munhoroondo yemugariro, anarching inarchist uye affanic wrestler.Kuvechidiki uye Kuyaruka
Nestor Ivanovich MakHno akaberekerwa mumusha weGulipol (ikozvino - Zaporiichichi Dunhu) musi waNovember 7, 1888. Vabereki vemukomana vaive varombo varombo, Baba Ivan Rodionvich vakashanda kuBarina vachichera, amai veEvadokua Evddaya vakatungamira imba uye vakaita vana: Nestor ndiye wokupedzisira wevanakomana vashanu.
Nekufa kwaBaba, mhuri yemhuri yemumitengo, vana vakarasikirwa neyeye chete mutengesi. Mudiki wehama vaifanirawo kuwa. Ainge asvika pazera ramakore manomwe, mukomana akatanga kurovedzera basa rakakodzera: muromo wemombe, kuti dzifambe pamusoro pevaridzi vevaridzi. Pasinei neizvi, Nestor akakwanisa kudzidza makore mana muHangi chikoro, kwaakapiwa makore masere.
Jeri naAnarchusus
Kubva muna 1903, jaya raishanda padhaki-danda resimbi. Muna 1906, Makhno akasungwa nekuda kwekutakura zvombo, asi akasunungurwa ari mudiki. Yakanga iri panguva ino iyo Atamani yemangwana anosangana nepfungwa yekuparadzwa, uye kusagadzikana kunova museum yake zvachose.
Achipinda mu "akasununguka mubatanidzwa weanarchist-Herborobov" Nestor Makhno atora chikamu mune zvakawanda zviito zvehugandanga zvine chekuita nekuwedzera kwenzvimbo yevaridzi vevaridzi nevarimi vakapfuma. Muna 1910, nhengo dzeboka rakatengeswa nedare. Dare rehondo reguta reEkaterinoslav (zvino DNEPROPETROVSK) Siterpetrovsk) Tyarorist anarchist kune dzakasiyana siyana dzechitendero basa (maererano nedzimwe data, kusvika pakurangwa nerufu).
Nestor Makhno akatongerwa makore makumi maviri emararamiro. Kwenguva yakati, makhno ari mutirongo yaEkaterinoslav, akabva aendeswa kuMoscow Butyrka. Pano akasangana neanarchist archhinov, uyo aive nesimba rakawanda paMucheche Ceamer.
MuButyrka, Nestor haana kumborasikirwa nenguva nechipo: Haana kungoita zvekutanga zvehunyanzvi kuti arwe, asi akaverenga mabhuku mazhinji ehupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika, nhoroondo, akadzidza masvomhu, girama , Mabhuku eRussia. Gungwa raKhno rakabuda naArshinov munaKurume 1917, Amnesty mukukudzwa kweKuperera Revolution. Kuwedzera kune ruzivo uye ruzivo, musungwa akawana kuwanikwa kunotyisa kubva pamhedziso uye kuwanikwa kunotyisa - a kotHku, uyo akamuuraya mushure memakore mazhinji.
Zvematongerwo enyika neMauto Basa: Kutanga
Mune biography yeMakhno mune akawanda mazviri. Nekufamba kwenguva, shamwari dzake dzakapindirwa, uye humbowo hwezviitiko zvaro muUkraine zvinopesana chaizvo. Zvisinei, basa rake muhondo, hondo yevagari, hadzigone kurerutswa, kunyangwe iye achinyatsoita zvibodzwa zvake zvezvimedu zvechitunha.
Kudzoka mushure mhedziso kuGuliipol, Nestor yaive mune yakanyanya kuteedzana yezviitiko zvekuchinja. Ake, "akabatwa nechinhu chakarurama," vagari vemo vakasarudza musoro wemubatanidzwa wemunharaunda uye nedare remunharaunda yemunharaunda. Nekutora chikamu kweMakhno mukudonha kwa1917, vamiriri vehurumende yeiyo yakadzingwa kubva kuAlexandrovskaya Volost uye yakasimbisa simba reSoviet. Muna 1918, semumiriri weGulipol Revkoma, akatora chikamu mumusangano wenyika yeiyo Commons neSoviet.
Kugadzwa kwehurumende itsva kwakadzivirira kurwisa kwekupinda kwekupinda: Muzhizha kwe1918, mauto eAustro-Germer akatanga kuUkraine. Iyi nguva inogona kutorwa nezve kutanga kwechiuto kweMakhno, sezvo panguva iyoyo ipapo kuti vapanduki vacho vanga vakabatana munzvimbo yePartisan pasi pehutungamiriri hwake. Iye wechikwata chakarwa nevaGerman, uye pamusoro peUkraine nyika. Kutsiva, zviremera zvaiitirwa mukoma waNestor uye akapisa imba pakanga pakagara naamai vake.
Panguva imwecheteyo, muna Chivabvu 1918, Nestor Makwino muMoscow, kwaaisangana naye neVladimir Lenin uye Sverdlov, pamwe nevatungamiriri vechiitiko cheanarchist. Misangano ine hutungamiri hwesimba reSoviet haina kuunza chero chinhu sezvakaita, asi kuMusangano weMoscow anengelist, mano ekurwira varwi muUkraine akagadziridzwa. Rova zvinyorwa zvekunyepedzera, Makhuno akaenda kumba kunoronga uto revapanduki.
"Bat Batwa Asingazivikanwe"
Hupenyu hwese hwehondo makhno aive kurwa kusingaperi. Kuziva kurongeka kweBolsheviks nenzira kwayo, haana kugamuchira chishuvo chavo cheku "kuzvinyudza kuzvidzora zvese nekukodzera kwake." Panguva imwecheteyo, akaramba akapedza kurongedza kwechinguva chenguva pfupi nevakuru veSoviet, kurwisa varindi venyama uye kupindira.
Nestor makhno akava muripo akakodzera kune anarchists kupoterera nyika. Akakwanisa kugadzira mamiriro ake ari mudunhu rake, kuronga mano ari muguta racho kuzviisa pasi pacho, zvikoro zvakavhurika, kuti ugadzire mamiriro ezvinhu ehupenyu hwevanhuwo zvavo, kusaregeredza nheyo dzekusagadzikana .
Hondo yake yaive simba rakakura pamepu yezvematongerwo enyika yeMepu yeChipirisita yeMutungamiriri weRussia kwemakore akati wandei, asi maJuda eUkraini havana kunyanya kugadzirira, uye nationalism muuto reVapanduki vakabata vakaomarara, ndizvozvo kusvika pakuurayiwa.
Zviitiko zveBatki Makwno muUkraine mukati mehondo yevagari vanogona kutsanangura muchidimbu zvinotevera zvinotevera:
- Muna 1918, akapinda mune mubatanidzwa nehondo dzvuku uye akarwa nehondo pasi peMurayiro waPetlyra;
- Muna 1919, Batka zvakare akabatana neBolshevek uye akarwa kare nemauto edenikin;
- Musi waMay 29, 1919, akatyora chibvumirano neBolsheviks, avo akazivisa kudzimwa kwe "Makwnovshchina";
- MunaJuly-Zvita 1919, Hondo yePartisan ichirwisa uto reDenikinia rakatsigirwa, rutsigiro rakatsvuka "rakatora guta reGulyepol, Berdysk, nikopol, Melitopol naEkaterinoslav;
- Muna 1920, makhno zvakare akapinda mumhirizhonga nebollichevek, asi akarambwa nekupa kwaWrangte pane zvakasikwa zveUndion;
- MunaSeptember 1920, kutevera kuyananiswa kweBatiki ne "Tsvuku" yakateverwa, kuenderera mberi - kutora chikamu mumushandirapamwe wemharo;
- Mushure mekukunda kwevaranda chena muCrimea, Makhno akaramba kubatana neuto rakatsvuka, iro iro boleveks rakaparadzwa anenge mauto ake ese;
- Pakupera kwa1920, Batka akaunganidza nehondo itsva gumi neshanu uye akatungamira kurwa kwechiGirazi muUkraine, asi mauto aive asina kufanana, uye muna Nyamavhuvhu 1921, Makhno aine shamwari dzepedyo dzakayambuka muganho neRomania.
Kutama uye hupenyu hwega
Zviremera zveSoviet zveRomania hazvina kumupa, asi makhno, pamwe chete nemukadzi wake uye nemanomanikidza, akaiswa mumusasa wevasungwa. Kubva ipapo, Makhnovtsy akatizira kuPoland, ipapo kuDanzig neFrance. MuParis chete vakakwanisa kuporesa hupenyu hune rugare. Anarchcists dzemunharaunda uye vamwe vagari venyesununguko vane rusununguko vakatora chikamu chemugumo weAtaman ngano, vakamupa rubatsiro rwese.
Kunyanya kufambiswa neNestor American anarchist Alexander Berkman, akapedzisira awana mari yemariro emafaro ekuchinja kukuru. Rufu Makhno rwakava mhedzisiro yechirwere chezuva chaive chakasundidzira hutano hwake kubva panguva yeKorge. Chikonzero cherufu chikara. Nestor Ivanovich akafa muchipatara cheParis muChikunguru 6, 1934. Guva raMahno riri mumakuva ee lashez.
Nezve hupenyu hwomunhu oRestor makhno, ngano dzakabatanidzwa: pasina mubvunzo, iyo Ataman yezviuru zvehondo aigona kuwana chero mafaro. Nemazino asiri emazita, maererano neuchapupu hwekutaridzika vanhukadzi (kunyangwe mufoto zvinoita kunge munhu anopenya), kukura kwakaderera, muprista wemukadzi anodiwa. Vaida uye vakatya nekuda kwavo, savarwi vake, vakatungamira kunakidzwa kweBatiki, kutonhora, kuverenga, kunoparara.
Nemukadzi wekutanga, Nastya Vasetskaya, iyo Nestor yakaroora, ichibuda mutirongo, muchato hauna kushanda. Vakanga vane mwanakomana, asi vakafa, vaviri vacho vakaputsa. Asi mukadzi wechipiri makhno, gayina achizmenko akarurukira kuna iye Hondo yose, kutama uye musasa. Ivo vanoti iye amene akatora chikamu mumapoto uye kuurayiwa, kuwana namafaro chaiwo mukurarama kwakadaro. MuParis, ivo vakaberekerwa mwanasikana naElena, asi Galina, pasina kugadzirira nzvimbo inonetsekana, ndokutora musikana ndokusiya murume wake.
Muna 2009, midziyo yaMakhno yakavhurwa muGulenaipola, anenge mafirimu gumi nemaviri akapfurwa nezvake, manhamba mazhinji, tsvakiridzo, memoirs akanyorwa, uye Nestor Ivanovich Acho - iyo munyori yehuwandu hwebhuku rendangariro. Yekupedzisira pane zvikwangwani zvemuviri zvakauya akateedzana "nhepfumbamwe liberty makhno makhno" naPavel Derevko mune yekutungamira basa.