Biography
Sergey Pavlovich Kerolev Korovhu Mugadziri weSoviet uye musayendisiti wezana ramakore rechi20, mugove weCosmontics, Musiki weMusikana weMusango aine munda wekuvakwa kweRoket uye mudenda.
Sergey Kerolev akaberekwa musi waJanuary 12, 1907 (maererano neyekare maitiro Zvita 31, 1906) muZytomyr. Baba vake vaive mudzidzisi, kubva mukugoverwa. Mushure mekudonha kwemhuri yemukomana yakatumirwa kuna Nezhin kuvabereki vaamai, kwaakarerwa mumhuri yevatengesi. Kubva muna 1917, anogara muOdessa naamai vake Maria Nikolaavna and Schupih Gregory Mikhalovich Barin. Akadzidza chikoro cheCrriculum kumba, kubva 1922 kusvika 1924 akadzidza muchikoro chekuvaka.
Zvinonakidza Zvinoshamisa Kubva KuBiography:
- Muna 1921, anosangana nevatyairi vehydropout uye anotora chikamu muupenyu hwekuviga: Pazera ramakore gumi nematanhatu anoverenga hurukuro. Chigadzirwa chekutanga, chakagadzirwa pazera ramakore gumi nematanhatu, muongorori weK-5 ndege dzakakurudzirwa kuvaka.
- 1924-1926 - Zvidzidzo muKiev Polytech.
- Muna 1926 akaendeswa kuMoscow kune yakakwira chikoro chehunyanzvi. Vatori vemhirizhonga musangano rechikoro chendima, chinova murayiridzi uye planter tester, kupedza chikoro chevatyairi, vanoshanyira denderedzwa reAerodynamic uye vanokura pachena ndege uye gliders. Kutanga kubva pagore rechina, inoshanda muKB.
- Kubva muna 1927, kane mumutsara anotora chikamu muMagweta Wese-Union Planition muKoktebel.
- Muna 1929, inowanikwa naK. E. Tsiolkovsky, uyo anomurumbidza mubhuku ra "Space Rocket Trains" uye anokurudzira kufadza Friedrich Zagder - Engineer Tsagi (Central Aero Hydrodynamic Institute
- MunaFebruary 1930, pasi pehutungamiri hweANET. Tupolev inodzivirira chirongwa che sc-4 ndege. Panguva imwecheteyo, mambokadzi anogadzira glider ye sk-3 "nyeredzi tsvuku", pane izvo zvishararire zvishambwe zvakaitwa muHoliyere FLEEP. Mugadziri haana kukwanisa kubhururuka pachayo, sezvo akarwara nekumanikidza nenzira yetsvina uye kurasikirwa kwemurangariro. Aive nendangariro dzisinganzwisisike isati yachirwara.
- Muna Kurume 1931, anotanga kushanda muTsight neinjiniya vechikepe pane bvunzo. Chiitiko chikuru chenguva ino musangano ne zander, iyo iri kuita muyedzo yekuyedza injini kana-1. Mambokadzi anotendeuka kubasa. MunaSeptember 1931, boka rakananga neZANDER rinotanga kukura uye bvunzo yeRP-1 rocketopapplane ine injini yemvura.
Matanho ekutanga eDombo rombo rombo rombo
Sergei Korolev akamiswa neyenzi yesainzi uye technical Council yeGuncil yeGuncil. Kunyanya kutarisisa kunobhadharwa kune roketi zvombo zvinodiwa kusimbisa kugona kwenyika kudzivirirwa. Korolev inogadzira yekutanga KB, kubva kunhengo dzeCGRI, iyo yaisanganisira munhoroondo yemwenje yeRocket.
Pano zvakanyanya mafambiro ezvemwenje yegomba yakatanga. Kubudirira kweiyi nguva kwaive kwekutanga kweiyo roketi roketi-09, kusimuka kusvika pakukwirira kwe400 Iyo inovharawo mikana yekusiri-semicircle yamarara muchauto uye yesainzi zvinangwa.
MunaSeptember 1933, mambokadzi ane makore makumi maviri nematanhatu anogadza mutevedzeri wed-mutungamiri wenyaya. Tariro dzekushandurwa pamusoro pekushandurwa kwemapurojekiti dzakakura hazvina kuratidzirwa, dingindira rakaderedzwa, uye muna 1934 Korolev rakaburitswa muhofisi. Akagara pachikoro neinjiniya akajairwa, achitarisa pakuvandudzwa kwemasango emapapiro.
Yakachengetedzwa Rocket Weapon
Muna 1936, Korolev akagadzwa kuti mukuru wehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza rini, achigadzira ndege yeRoketh. Sergey ane zvinoshamisa intuition, ruzivo rwe encountclopic uye ruzivo. Kekutanga, ivo vakaruramisa pfungwa yemurwi weMissile murwi-anenge achinge asvika maminitsi mashoma ekureba, anorwisa ndege, achityisidzira chinhu chakachengetedzwa.
Munguva yemibvunzo yakarongwa Korolev kushandisa iwe pachako, tsaona yakaitika, panguva iyo Mugadziri akawana ronda remusoro uye aive pamubhedha wechipatara. Pashure pechipatara, musi waJune 27, 1938 akasungwa somutori wechikamu mune yeTrotskyist anopikisa-shanduko yesangano. Mambokadzi akatongerwa makore gumi ndokutumira kuna Kolyma.
Panyaya yekusungwa kweMarshal Tukhachatsky uye vanyori vezvombo zvitsva, kukura kwakamira. Tsvagurudzo yeReckeetplane, uyo aiita muKorolov, akaenderera mberi, asi pasina kutora chikamu chake kuvaka ndege yemisasa yaisavepo.
Kukunda uye trophies
MunaSeptember 1940, pakukumbira Tupolev (kunyange iye akasungwa muna 1938) Mambokadzi akadaidzwa kubva kuKolyma. Iye akabva atanga kukudziridza Bombarder nyowani. Mushure mekutiza kwekutanga muna Zvita 1941, boka reTupolev rakaburitswa kuOmsk. Pano ndege Tu-2 yakatangwa mukugadzirwa. Yaive yakanakisa kumberi-mutsara bhomba.
Sergey Korolev akaramba achishanda mutorongo KB Kazan, kudzidza kuvandudzwa kweaini yekufambisa roketi. Maererano nemhedzisiro yebasa rake, akapiwa kurongeka kwechiratidzo chekuroora uye akasunungurwa kubva mutorongo. Pakupera kwehondo, anogadzira mapurojekiti eRDD D-1 naD-2 aine Solid Fuel Injini. Zvakazoitika kuti kuGermany, zvirongwa zvakadaro zvakange zvakatoitwa kare, saka zvinotumirwa kumabhizimusi echiGerman. Kerolev anouya kumhedziso yekuti ane mukana wekugadzira zvikanganiso zvakadaro, asi nehunhu hwakavandudzwa.
Muna May 1946, hutungamiri hweSoviet hunotora mutemo, wakatanga kutanga kwekuvandudzwa kwekuvakwa kweRoket. MuMoscow Dunhu Kalindenrad (Kerolev nhasi), Nyika Allied Information Zvombo (Nii-88) yakagadzirwa. Korolev anogadzwa nemumwe wevanogadzira vakuru.
Tevere, zviitiko zviri kukudziridza nekukurumidza:
- Panzira yeStalin, kopi yeiyo roketi yeGerman yakagadzirwa;
- Miedzo yeA-4 Misikiya inounganidzwa kubva kuTrophy Node muNordhausen uye Nii-88 masangano;
- Iyo yekutanga r-1 makomba inoedzwa, inobereka A-4 kubva kune zvavanogadzira pane zvinyorwa zvemukati.
Vanogadzira
Sergey Korolev akasara kuti asisori mugadziri ane tarenda, asi zvakare nemurirongo akakwanisa kuronga basa remapoka ese.
Iko kuvandudzwa kwemidziyo yemidziyo yemauto kwakatanga nekugadzira roketi nehuremu hwemazana matatu. Muna 1948, r-2 roketi rakagadzirwa rine huwandu hwemazana matanhatu, hunogona kuzadzisa mamwe mwaka weAmerica. Nekuda kweimwezve zviitiko, rdd r-5m ine huwandu hwemazana 1,200 uye chikamu chenyukireya chikamu chinoonekwa. Miedzo yerudzi rwechirongwa yakaitwa kuSemiparatinian Landfill musi waFebruary 2, 1956.
Kutungamira kukuru kweMambokadzi ndiko kusimudzira kwekutenderera nguva dzekutambisa maratidziro. R-7 ballistic roketi (icbm) yakagadzirwa naye yakanga ine zvikamu zviuru zvisere zveIBC r-7a - 12 chiuru km. Yemvura iCBM yakarasika kuAmerican yakasimba mafuta mafuta, saka, iyo yekuyedza rt-1 roketi yakagadzirwa pane yakasimba mafuta. Yazvino roketi dzakaomeswa dzakashongedzerwa nematombo akasimba mafuta, zvichibva pane icbr rt-2, yakagadzirwa nemambokadzi.
Cosmonautics
Zviitiko zvemauto zvaive zvemambokadzi mamiriro ekuwedzera kwekuvandudza nzvimbo. Musi waGumiguru 4, 1957, satellite yekunyepedzera yakatangwa kwenguva yekutanga munhoroondo yeapasi. Mwedzi, musi waNovember 3, yechipiri satellite yakatumirwa kune orbit, pane bhodhi yaive imbwa yerudzi. Musi waApril 12, 1961, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin Akabhururuka Mudenga.
Mukuita mabasa aya mapurojekiti, nyanzvi dzeDare revamiriri vakuru vakasikwa naMambokadzi vaibatanidzwa. Noupenyu hwake, dzimwe ngarudzi nomwe dzezvikepe dzakatarwa dzakabudirira kubudirira, Satellite, nzvimbo yesainzi nesainzi zviteshi uye masisitimu akatanga kutangwa.
Hupenyu hweMugadziri mukuru wakapunzika mangwanani, zvakaitika muna Ndira 14, 1966. Iko kukonzera rufu kwaive kushanda kwekuvhiya, panguva iyo moyo wakamira. Mushure mekutarisira kwayo, kumhanya kwekusimudzira kwezvirongwa zvepadenga zvakadzikira. Hapana muRussia, kana muUnited States yakabuda yakaenzana nehukama hwehunhu uye tarenda dzemunhu.
Hupenyu Hwako
Sergey Korolev akaroora kaviri. Nguva yekutanga yaakaroora Nyamavhuvhu 1931 pane waakadzidza naye Ksenia ventia, muna 1935 iye akamupa mwanasikana.
Muna 1948, mhuri yakapwanya.
Nemukadzi wechipiri, Nina Ivanovna Kotenkova, aive mushanduri muNIII-88, akasangana kubasa.