Biography
Mohandas Karamchand Gandakhi (Mahatma Gandhi) yaive nyika yakakurumbira yeIndia nhamba, wezvematongerwo enyika, wrestler yekuzvimiririra kweIndia. Akagadzira marobhoti ekutambudzika kusiri kwechisimba - Satyagrat. MuIndia, anonzi "baba verudzi".
Mohandas Karamchand Gandakhi, iye zvakare Mahatma Gandhi, akaberekerwa muPorbandar muna Gumiguru 2, 1869. Baba vacho vaiita zvekutengeserana, vakatungamira zviitiko zvezvematongerwo enyika, uye kwenguva yakati aive musoro weGujarat, guta guru rakanga riri porbond. Amai vemukomana - sampuli yehunhu. Nekuda kwekuedza kwake, mhuri yakanyatso kucherechedzwa, tsika.
Mhuri yese yaigara ichishanyira kunamatwa mumatembere, akadzidza mabhuku echitendero. Vabereki vaive vezvemoto, vaitenda kuti munhu aive asina kodzero yekuuraya mhuka. Mohandas yakazonyaradza yakaomerera kune imwecheteyo inotaridzika.
Zvidzidzo
Mukomana wechipiri anogashira pachikoro chemuno chePorbandar. Vadzidzisi vezvemangwana vezvematongerwo enyika vakacherekedza kuti murume waakadzidza pakati. Kunyanya kufarira mune zvidzidzo hazvina kuratidza. Zvinokonzeresa zvakafamba zvirinani paakaenderera mberi nezvidzidzo zvake pachikoro chepamusoro cheRajkot. Apa akakwezva basa rekuita.
Mushure mekubvunza vabereki, Mohandas anofunga kuenderera mberi nekuenderera mberi muUK. Muna 1888, anova mudzidzi weiyo yunivhesiti College yeLondon. Uye mushure memakore matatu anogashira diploma remutemo uye anodzokera kuNo India yake.
Basa uye Zvemagariro Zviitiko
Kuti unzwisise maitiro ekubatsira vanhu vako, gweta diki rakafunga kuongorora India. KwaMo gore raakashanyira nzvimbo zhinji (Eura, Santa Shexar, Santa Shexar, Salem, The Dessem nevamwe), akafamba nechitima. Ngoro dzakasviba, hurombo, vafambi vafambi ... izvi zvese izvi zvakaratidza mamiriro ese munyika uye akaisa kushungurudzika kuMahatma.
Maitiro epamutemo neimwe nzira haana kubatira pasi. Uye Gandhi anofunga kuchinja hupenyu hwavo. Nekuda kwezvisungo zvaBaba, anogashira chinzvimbo chemupi wezano repamutemo mumumiriri wekutengeserana weimwe yemafemu eIndia muSouth Africa. Ikoko, gweta rinobatanidza kusimuka kweveruzhinji kuti vadzivirire kodzero dzevaIndia. Pfungwa dzeIrish M. Demitte, iyo American Torro, yaive nemabatiro akakosha kumutungamiri.
Maitiro ekudzivirira kodzero dzevamwe vagari uye panguva imwe chete kudzivirira vane simba uye chisimba? Nzira Yokuwana Sei Nzira Yamwari? Iyi mibvunzo inotambudzwa mudiki Gandhi. Akawana mhinduro dzisingatarisiri. Neimwe nzira mumaoko ake akawana bhuku raLeo tolstoy "Humambo hwaMwari mukati mako, kana Chikristu chisiri chedzidziso chisinganzwisisike, asi sehupenyu hutsva," uyo akachinja nyika yake. Akava nepfungwa itsva yemaitiro evamwe vagari - Satyeagrat.
Zvinokosha kuziva kuti nekugadzira dzidziso yehunyanzvi, Mohandas haina kukwanisa kuwana zita rake rakakodzera. Ini ndaifanira kutaurira mukwikwidzi, maererano nemitemo iyo iyo munyori, uyo akafunga nezvezita rakabudirira kwazvo rinogamuchira mubairo wemari. Iye anokunda aive hama yemukoma waGandhi - Magabatl Gandhi. SATAGARAHA kusanganiswa kwemazwi maviri - SAT (Chokwadi) uye Agraha (kuomarara).
Zviitiko zvinobudirira muAfrica zvakadzikira muzivi tariro kuti anogona kubatsirwa nenyika yake. Maonero ake akawira kune vazhinji veEurope uye veAmerica veruzhinji. Kumusha weGandhi, izvo zvikwangwani hazvina kuenda pasina hanya. Neruoko runaruka rwepombi R. Taghore Mhandas vakatanga kufonera mahatma, zvinoreva kuti "mweya mukuru".
Muna 1915, muzivi anodzokera kuIndia uye anoshingairira kurwa nezvematongerwo enyika kurwa kwesununguko yeimba yake. Kutenda kuna Baba, magonhi akavhurika kune mazhinji emakabati enhengo dzeIndia National Congress. Asi, havasi vese vanobvuma kutsigira zano rake. Sei? Iyo itsva yehunyanzvi hwedzidziso yaive yakavakirwa pane nheyo:
- kuramba kuri chisiri chechisimba;
- Kusateerera kwevanhu.
Vaive chii? Vateveri veGandhi vanofanirwa kuramba:
- Kukudzwa, mazita aivapa Humambo United Kingdom;
- Shanda kune yehurumende yebasa, mapurisa, uto;
- Kutenga kwezvinhu zvechirungu.
Pasinei nekunyimwa kwakadaro, vashandi vazhinji vakabata moto zano rekudzoreredza rusununguko.
Muna 1919, Gandhi akatanga kudana kune vamwe vagari vemo kuita rerunyararo chiito: kurova kukuru uye kusateerera. Mamirioni eIndia pazuva rakagadzwa haana kuenda kubasa. Vakafamba vachidzika munzira, vachipururudza majasi nezve rusununguko, rusununguko. Asi pane imwe nguva, mamiriro ezvinhu akabuda achibva mukutonga. Boka revanhu rakava nehasha, uye akatanga kukanganiswa nemapurisa. Kwete pasina chibayiro.
Gandhi akasungwa seanokurudzira uye akapomerwa makore matanhatu. Kuenda nguva yese, Mahatma akadzoka kuhupenyu hwakajairika. Kunamatwa hakuna kuteerera kune muzivi. Vakatenda kuti aimbove musungwa akaputswa uye basa rake rezvematongerwo enyika rapfuura. Zvinoenderana nokuzviisa pasi, iro jeri rakamupa nguva yekufunga nezve dzidziso yake, vachizotambudzika.
Kwete, haana kudzokera kumhuri. Mahatma vakatanga ashram (iyo yekugara kune avo vanoda). Asi, akasarudza nzvimbo yerwenga iyi, asi zvakatipoteredza zveGrand Maindasitiri weGrand weAhmadabad. Saka, kuratidza kuti anofunga kuti arambe achidzivirira vanhu uye kuenderera mberi nekurwa kwesununguko yenyika yavo, kuparidza gandism.
Mazuva ese muAshram akaunganidza vanhu vazhinji kuti vateerere kune vakangwara. Zvapupu zvamazuva iwayo zvakaudzwa kuti muzivi aive mutauri akaipa, mafambiro ake aive akajeka, uye inzwi ranyarara. Inzwa zvaakakwanisa kuparidza, iwo chete mitsara yekutanga, asi Charisma yake yakanga yakwana zvachose.
Hutsinye hweBritish, kusarudzika kwevaridzi vemuno vakamanikidza vanhu vakanyatsoteerera kutariswa kwemukuru. Uye semhedzisiro, chiremera cheMahatma chakawedzera kusiri. Nhaurwa dzake dzinogutsa dzakamanikidzwa kufunga kuti Elmency element.
Muna 1947, nyika yakawana rusununguko, asi yakakamurwa muIndia nePakistan. Paive paine kusangana pakati pevaMuslim nevanhu vanozviti chiHindu. Kumisa kukakavara, mukuru akazivisa nzara yekurova. Chiyero chakadai chakaitika uye kurwa kwakamira kwakamira.
Hupenyu Hwako
Zvechinyorwa zvezvematongerwo enyika zvakange zvakwana pazera ramakore gumi nematatu paKastastruba, uyo, kusvikira pakupera kwemazuva ake, musikana wake akatendeka uye akatsigira. Vanakomana vana vakaberekerwa kuvaviri:
- Harilal (1888-1949);
- Rddas (1897-1969);
- Manilal (1892-1956);
- Davdas (1900-1957).
Sezvo Mahatma aigara achireva zvematongerwo enyika, zviitiko zvemagariro, iye asina nguva yehupenyu hwake nemhuri yake. Uye kurera vana kumukadzi waKastastrate. Kutora chikamu chekudya kushaiwa zvakajeka kukura kwevanakomana. Zvimwe Harlari akatanga kutungamira mararamiro anonyangadza.
Gandhi akaedza kuumba mwanakomana, asi kutsoropodzwa hakuna kubudirira. Mhedzisiro yevamwe vana vese kwakabudirira. Vakaroora, vakabereka vana.
Kuedza uye Rufu Mahatma
Mahatma akapukunyuka kuyedza kaviri pane hupenyu, uye wechitatu akauraya. Mumwe wevafambi panguva yekuparidzira kwemanheru vakaswedera kumudzidzisi uye vakamupfura katatu. Gandhi akakundwa kuchipatara, asi vanachiremba havana kugona kuponesa mukuru wemakore manomwe okukura. Imwe yemabuzi mwenje.
Maererano nekuona zviono, vezvematongerwo enyika vasati vari kufa vakaedza kupedzisa zvinhu zvese. Anotapotsa anowedzera bumbiro rekutanga rebumbiro rakazvimirira India. Mushure mekufa kwake, mashoma mashoma ezvirongwa akaunzwa mariri.
Chokwadi chinonakidza
Zvizhinji zvinonakidza chokwadi chakabatana nezita raGandhi:
- Sezvazviri muhupenyu, uye mushure mekufa kwaGandhi, nekuda kwemabasa ayo akanyorwa anoramba achipesvedzera vezvematongerwo enyika. Vladimir Putin asina kumbobvira aona kuti vatungamiriri vemazuva ano vedzimwe nyika vanoda kugadzirisa zvese uye ndine urombo kuti pakati pavo hapana akafanana naMahatma Gandhi.
- Nenzira, vamwe vanhu vane chivimbo kuti Indira Gandhi ihama ye "baba verudzi". Asi izvi hazvisizvo, ingori mazita.
- Mukuedza kuita nhoroondo yakavimbika yeGandhi, nyanzvi dzakaongororwa uye runyararo rwake. Maererano nemhedzisiro, sage yaive yakatendeka, yakavhurika mune mutsa. Akange achenjere, akasarudza.
- Mafirimu mazhinji akapfura nezve hupenyu hweiro huru hindu. Quotes kubva mumabhuku ake, mashoko anoshandisa vezvematongerwo enyika vanozivikanwa mukutaura kwavo, nhamba yeruzhinji.
- Mahatma aive akakurumbira maitiro ake ehunhu kune mhuka.