Nhoroondo Yemunhu
Revhitiko Nikolayevich Tolstoy Kwete chete kuti irege kuderedza nyika ine chigadzirwa chitsva, ndechekutanga kubva pakufunga kweiyo genre composition, asiwo yakagadzirwa mavara anopenya uye ane mavara. Ehezve, hazvisi zvese zvekuzvidza kwebhuku rebhuku racho Verenga bhuku remukuru wemunyori kubva kuCrust kune crust, Natasha Rostiov And andrei Bolkonsky.Nhoroondo Yezvisikwa
Muna 1856, Rev Nikolayevich Tolstoy akatanga basa rake risingafi. Ipapo wizard aifunga nezvekugadzira nyaya yaizotaurira vaverengi nezve gamba, kumanikidzwa kudzokera kuHurumende yeRussia. Munyori akanyatsosangana nemamiriro ezvinhu ebhuku raCovel muna 1825, asi panguva iyoyo vaProtagonist aive wemhuri uye akakura munhu. Revhkeo rei paanobvunza nezvehudiki hwegamba, rakanga rakabatana ne 1812.
1812 Yakanga isiri nyore nyika. Hondo yeNyika yakatanga, nekuti humambo hweRussia zvakaramba kuchengetedza continental blocked, mune iyo Napoleon yakaona chombo chikuru pakatarisana neUK. Tolstoy akafuridzira nguva yakanetseka, kunze kweizvozvo, hama dzake dzakabatanidzwa mune izvi zviitiko zvekare.
Naizvozvo, muna 1863, munyori akatanga kushanda pane imwe bhuku rairatidza kuti vanhu veRussia vese. Kuti arege kusaziva, Lev nikolayevich akavimba nemabasa esainzi aAlexander Mikhailovsky-Danilevsky, mwero Bogdanovich, Mikhail shcherbinin uye mamwe memoirs uye vanyori. Vanoti kunzverwa, munyori wacho akatoshanyira musha weBorodino, uko mauto eNapoleon Bonaparte uye Mutungamiriri weRussia-muMikhaizo Kutuzov akamhanya.
Pamusoro pebasa rayo rakakosha, Tolstoy akashanda, makore manomwe kuti arege kusvetuka maoko, achinyora mashizha zviuru zvishanu zvekunyora, kubvisa mavara mazana mashanu. Uye izvi hazvishamisi, nekuti basa racho rakapihwa nehunhu hwehunyanzvi, iyo inoratidzwa kuburikidza nePrism yehupenyu hwevanhu veRussia muzuva rekukundikana nekukunda.
Nekudaro, munyori anoratidza kuongororwa kwemweya kwevatambi vakabatwa vachishevedzera kune zvakasikwa zvake. Muna 1871, Athanasius Fet akagamuchira tsamba yakanyorwa naRevel Nikolaavich:
"Sezvandinofara ... kuti handifi ndakamboita huwandu hwekunyora yakawanda ye" hondo "zhinji. 'Chero chipi zvacho chakapusa neisina tolstoy kana yerudzi rweRoma, yerudzi uye runyararo "rwakabudiswa muna 1865 (ndima yekutanga yakaonekwa mumagazini" bulletin "), yakabudirira paruzhinji. Kubata kwemunyori weRussia kwakarova vatsoropodzi vemukati nevatorwa, uye norwiyo pachezvakazivikanwa sebasa rakakura kwazvo reEptical yeEurope.
Iyo yekunyora diaspora haina kungoita zano rinonakidza, iro rinopindirana mu "rugare", uye mu "nguva", "nguva yemauto, asiwo zviyero zvekunyepedzera. Pasinei nehuwandu hukuru hwevatambi, tolstoy akaedza kupa imwe neimwe gamba munhu hunhu hunhu.
Hunhu Andrei Bolkonsky
Andrei Bolkonsky ndiye mukuru wemuNopedhi weLeo Tolstoy "Hondo nerunyararo". Zvinozivikanwa kuti mavara mazhinji ari mubasa iri ave neiyo chaiyo prototype, semuenzaniso, Natasha RosostoV munyori "akasikwa" kubva kumukadzi wake Sophia Andrevna nehanzvadzi dzake dzeTatiani bers. Asi mufananidzo waAndrei Bolkonsky Unganidzo. Kubva pamienzaniso inokwanisika, vaongorori veNikolai Alkseevy Tuchkov, Lieutenant-general yeRussia Artours, pamwe nemahofisi emauto einjiniya Fyovich Tichienga.
Izvo zvinokosha kuti pakutanga Andrei Bolkonsky akarongwa nemunyori sehunhu hushoma uyo akazotambira hunhu uye akave hunhu hukuru hwebasa. Mumatanho ekutanga eLeo, Nikolayevich Balkonsky aive jaya rekunyika, nepo mune dzidziso dzenyika dzechiRoma, nepo dzinotevera dzechinyakare dzevaverengi semurume-njere dzekuchengetera pfungwa, iyo inopa vateveri vemabhuku ebhizinesi reushingi uye ushingi.
Uyezve, vaverengi vanogona kutsvaga zvese pamberi pehunhu hwehunhu uye shanduko yehunhu hwegamba. Vanotsvagurudza vanosanganisira zvidhinha kune nhamba yehurumende yemweya: Mujaya uyu anovaka basa, anotungamira hupenyu hwenyika, asi haakwanise kusava nehanya nematambudziko enharaunda.
Andrey Bolkonsky anoonekwa pamberi pevaverengi semurume akanaka wechidiki wekukura zvishoma uye neminhenga yakaoma. Anovenga nziyo dzokunyengera, asi rinouya kumabhora uye zvimwe zviitiko nekuda kwekunyepedzera:
"Iye, sezviri pachena, idzo dzese dzaimbove mumba yekutandarira dzaisangoziva chete, asi ivo vakaneta kwazvo zvekuti aifemerwa kwazvo kuti avateerere."Bolkonsky zvinoreva kuti mukadzi wake Lisa, asi kana achifa, jaya rinozvipa mhosva nekuda kwekuti aive achitonhora nemukadzi wake uye haana kumurwazve. Izvo zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti Lev nikolayevich, anoziva nzira yekuziva munhu nechisikigo, anozivisa kuzivikanwa kweAndreid Oak oak oak pamucheto wenzira, chiratidzo chekufananidzira chomukati nyika yaRinish andrei.
Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, Shumba Nikolayevich Tolstoy akaisa Gamba iri uye anotyisa anotora ropa muhondo yehondo, asi mupfungwa chaiyo yeshoko iri rinomhanya kubva pakuroora kana kugutsikana. Iyo protagonist yakabva yarasikirwa zvinoreva hupenyu, anotarisira zvakare zvakanakisa, kuvaka zvinangwa uye nzira yavo yekubudirira.
Andrei Nikolayevich akaverenga uye aida kukudza uye kuunza uto rake kukunda, asi kufungidzira kwakaita kuti ake gadzirare: Gamba rebasa rakakuvara uye rakapihwa kuchipatara. Gare gare, muchinda akaziva kuti mufaro wainge usiri mukukunda uye mafaro evanokudza, asi muvana uye hupenyu hwemhuri. Asi, zvinosiririsa, Bolkonsky yakaiswa kukundikana: Akamirira kwete chete kufa kwemumwe mukadzi, asiwo kutengesa kwaNatasha rostova.
"Hondo nerunyararo"
Chiitiko chebhuku, chinotaura ushamwari uye kunyengedza, zvinotanga kushanyira Anna Pavlovna Shererer, apo zvese zvakapfuura mwenje weSt. Pasersburg iri kuzokurukura marongero uye basa raNapoleon muhondo. Revhitiko Nikolayevich akataura nezvezviunivhesiti izvi zvine hungwaru ne "Famvsky nzanga", yaive yakarondedzerwa neAlexander Griboyev mubasa rake "Nhamo kubva kuWin" (1825). Yakanga iri muSalon Ana Pavlovna uye inoratidzika pamberi pevaverengi Andrei Nikolavich.
Mushure mekupindirana kwemasikati uye nekukurukurirana zvisina ropa, Andrei anoenda kumusha kuna Baba uye anosiya mukadzi wake ane pamuviri Lisa mumhuri yemhuri mavha makomo Marya Marya. Muna 1805, Andrei Nikolayevich akaenda kundorwa naNapoonoti, kwaanoita sechibvumirano kutuka. Munguva yehondo yeropa, gamba rakakuvara, mushure mekunge raendeswa kuchipatara.
Pakudzokera kumba, muchinda Andrew aive akamirira nhau dzisingafadzi: Munguva yekuzvara, mukadzi wake Lisa akafa. Bolkonsky akamanikidzwa mukuora mwoyo. Jaya racho raizotambudzwa nezvaakabata mumwe wake kutonhora uye aisaratidza kuremekedza kwakakodzera. Ipapo muchinda Andrei akanyorerazve kudanana, izvo zvakamubatsira kuti abvise zvakashata.
Panguva ino Natasha Rososov akatanga kuva mukuru wejaya. BOLNONGKY yakamutsaura ruoko uye nemwoyo wake kumusikana, asi sezvo baba vake vachipesana nekwaMesallian kudaro, muchato unofanirwa kumiswa kwegore. Natasha, uyo aisakwanisa kurarama ndega, akaita chikanganiso uye akatanga bhuku remudiwa aine hupenyu hwakatarwa neAnatola kurgin.
Iyo heroine yakatumira tsamba yeBulonsky nekuramba. Kutendeuka kwakadaro kwezviitiko zvakakuvadza Andrei Nikolayevich, anorota achidana mukwikwidzi wake pane duel. Kuti abvise kubva mukuziva zverudo zvisina kukwana uye zvekunamata, muchinda akatanga kushanda nesimba uye akazvitsaurira iye kubasa. Muna 1812, Bolkonsky aipinda muhondo nehondo uye panguva yehondo yeBorodino akakuvara mudumbu.
Panguva ino, mhuri yekukura yakatarisana nayo yayo yeMoscow, uko vatori vehondo vanowanikwa. Pakati pevarwi vakakuvadzwa, Natasha Rosostov akaona muchinda Andrew ndokuona kuti rudo haruna kupera mumoyo mavo. Nehurombo, hutano hweBularvilled hutano hwaipindirana nehupenyu, kuti muchinda akafira pamaoko eNatani Akashamisika Natasha uye machinda Marya.
Chiitiko uye vatambi
Roman shumba nikolayevich tolstoy kupfuura kamwechete Dziviriro dzakakurumbira: Iri basa remunyori weRussia rakagadziridzwa neAvid Kinomans kunyangwe muHollywood. Chokwadi, mafirimu akaiswa pachibhuku iri haakwanisi kuverengerwa paminwe, saka isu tichanyatso nyora mafirimu.
"Hondo nenyika" (firimu, 1956)
Muna 1956, Director Mambo Vidor vakatambura chigadzirwa cheshumba tolstoy kune tv screens. Iyo firimu haina kunyanya kusiyana neyekutanga bhuku. Ndosaka mamiriro ekutanga mamiriro ezvinhu pakanga paine mapeji makumi mashanu nematanhatu, ayo anosvika mashanu saizi yemavara epakati. Kupfura kwakaitika muItari, zvimwe zvikamu zvakange zvakamiswa muRoma, feloni uye pinerolo.
Mukukakavara kwakaiswa kune nyeredzi dzinozivikanwa dzeHollywood. Natasha Rostived Audrey Heprey Hepbururn, genry nheyo yakadzoreredzwa muPierre Zuvovov, uye nebasa reBolkonky, Meler akazviratidza.
"Hondo nenyika" (firimu, 1967)
Russian yeRussia inotonhora haasi kumashure kwevatorwa navo mumusangano, iri kurova vateereri kwete chete ne "mufananidzo" chete, asi zvakare nebhajeti. Director Sergey Bondarrarrarrarrarrarrarrarch yehafu yemakore ekare kune yakakwirira-bhajeti mufananidzo munhoroondo yeSoviet cinema.
Mufirimu, iyo firimu inoonekwa kwete chete zano uye mutambo wevatambi, asiwo nemukuru wezvemari - How: Sergearrark yakarova idzva rekupfura hondo kwenguva iyoyo. Basa raAndrei Bolkonsky vakawana mutambi vyachonv tikhonov. Lydmila ShoeliVev, Kira Golovko, Oleg Tabakov, Anastasia Vertinskaya, Nikolai Trofimov nevamwewo vaitambawo mumufananidzo.
"Hondo nenyika" (Terevhizheni, 2007)
Director Director Robert Dornnlm zvakare vakaitawo basa rebasa reshumba tolstoy, kupa iyo firimu nenyaya dzekutanga. Uyezve, Robert akasimuka kubva kuCanons maererano neyekuonekwa kwevatambi, semuenzaniso, Natasha Rostov (Clemence phepiteni) anoonekwa kune vatariri veblue nemaziso ebhuruu.
Mufananidzo weAndrei Bolkonsky akaenda kuItaly Actor Aessor Acelisto Boney, uyo akarangarirwa nefirimu pamafirimu "(mushure medutu" (1995), "Dracula" (2002) uye dzimwe pendi.
"Hondo nenyika" (Terevhizheni Series, 2016)
Maererano ne "bhuku rekuchengetedza" rinovaka, vagari venyasha dzenyama dzakatanga kutenga manyoro eShumba Nikolayevich tolstoy mushure medura reTom Harperm.
Iyo nhanhatu-chikamu chinongedzo chebhuku raNove chinoratidza vateereri hukama hwerudo, pasina nguva pazvinhu zvechiuto. Basa raSrei Bolkonsky rakaitwa naJames Norton, kugovera puratifomu yekupfura nepasi rakapihwa uye lily james.
Chokwadi Zvinonakidza
- Revhitiko Nikolayevich haana kufunga nezvebasa rake rekukuvadza rakapera uye akatenda kuti rwizi "Hondo uye nyika" inofanira kupera neimwe mamiriro. Nekudaro, munyori haana kumbobvira akanganisa zano rake.
- Mufirimu "nehondo uye rugare" (1956), zvipfeko zvinoshandisa zviuru zana zvemazana emakore emauto, zvipfeko uye zvakagadzirwa zvinoenderana nemifananidzo yekutanga yenguva yeNapoleon Bonaparte.
- Mubhuku "Hondo nerunyararo", maonero ehunyanzvi emunyori uye zvidimbu zve biography yake inoteedzerwa. Munyori haana kufarira nzanga yeMoscow uye akaremara mune zvokunamata. Mukadzi paasina kuzadzisa whims yake yose, maererano nerunyerekupe, reval nikolayevich akafamba "kuruboshwe". Naizvozvo, hazvishamise kuti mavara ake, kunge chero anofa, ane zvakaipa zvinhu.
- Mufananidzo wamambo wokutya haana kuraswa mukurumbira kubva kuEuropean Ruzhinji, asi zvakava mukurumbira usingaenzaniswi muSoviet Union.