Biography
Napoleon Bonaparte aive mutungamiriri wechikuru, diplomat, ane hunyanzvi hwakanakisa, kurangarira kunoshamisa uye kushanda kunoshamisa. Nguva yese inonzi zita rinotevera shure kwake, uye zviito zvake zvakava kuvhundutsa vanhu vazhinji. Maitiro ake ehondo ari mumabhuku, uye maitiro e demokrasi enyika dzevamadokero anoenderana ne "Napoleon Mutemo".
Basa munhoroondo yeFrance yehunhu hwakatanhamara hunotarisirwa. MuSpain neRussia, akanzi anantikristu, uye vamwe vaongorori vanofunga Napoleon chigamba zvishoma zvakashongedzwa.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Brilliant Commander, Shamentman, Emperor Napoleon i Bonaparte aive mukodhi we corsica. Musi waNyamavhuvhu 15, 1769 akaberekerwa muguta reAjaccio mumhuri isina kusimba. Vabereki vevamangwana remangwana vaive nevana vasere. Baba Carlo di Buonapartte vakatungamira mumutemo maitiro, Amai veLettia, Nee Ramolino, vakarera vana. Nenyika, vaive maCorsicans. Bonaparte ndiyo tuscan vhezheni yeiyo yakakurumbira corsican surname.
Kuverenga kwake uye nhoroondo tsvene kwakadzidziswa kumba, mumakore matanhatu ivo vakapiwa chikoro chakazvimirira, mumakore ane makore gumi - kuOdenis College, mukomana akagara kwenguva yakareba. Mushure mekoreji inoenderera mberi nekudzidza pachikoro cheBaryna chemauto. Muna 1784 inopinda muParis Hineya. Pakupera, zita remutungamiriri wemifananidzo anogamuchira uye kubva kuna 1785White anoshanda mu artillery.
Mujaya rekutanga, Napoleon akararama zvakavanzika, aifarira mabhuku uye zviitiko zvehondo. Muna 1788, ari kuCoromica, akatora chikamu mukuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo dzekudzivirira, akashanda pane mushumo kusangano reMilitia, nezvimwe. Akafunga zvekunyora zvinoshanda zvakanyanya, achitarisira kuve mukurumbira mundima iyi.
Nekufarira anoverenga mabhuku munhoroondo, geography, saizi yemari yenyika dzenyika dzeEurope, anoshanda pauzivi hweMutemo, anofarira mazano Jean-Jacques Rousseau uye Abbot Lornal. Anonyora nyaya yeCorsica, nyaya ye "hurukuro nezverudo", "muporofita akavanzika", "kuverenga Essex" uye anotungamira diary.
Zvakanyorwa zveVadiki Bonaparte kunze kweimwe yakaramba iri mumanyoro. Mumabasa aya, munyori anoratidza manzwiro akashata ehukama neFrance, achifunga nezve muuranda wearorica, uye rudo rweimba yake. Zvinyorwa zveNew Napoleon zvakarukwa zvematongerwo enyika uye zvakazara nemweya wekuchinja.
Iyo yeFrench Revolution Napoleon Bonaparte inosangana nekushingaira, muna 1792 inopinda muJacobin Club. Mushure mekukunda kweBritish yekutorwa kweTulon muna 1793, musoro webrigade General inokudzwa. Uku kunova shanduko mune yake biography, mushure meizvozvo basa remauto rinoshamisa.
Muna 1795, Napoleon zvakasiyana mukuwedzera kwekupanduka kweumambo, mushure mezvo mukuru wemauto anogadzwa. Mushandirapamwe weItaly wakatora muna 1796-1797 pasi pemurayiro wake wakaratidza tarenda remutungamiriri uye akamukudza kusvika kunzvimbo yese. Muna 1798-179999, Dhairekitori inomutumira kunzvimbo yakadonha muchiuto kuSyria neEgipita.
Kubuda kwekupedzisira kwakapera nekukundwa, asi hazvina kutariswa nekuda kwekutadza. Anosiya mauto akwikwidza kurwisa chiRussia pasi pechiratidzo cheSuvorev. Muna 1799, General Napoleon Bonaparte anodzokera kuParis. Directory Mode panguva ino yatove paPeak yeDambudziko.
Zvematongerwo enyika Zvematongerwo enyika
Mushure mekamuri uye kuziviswa kwemutauriri muna 1802, anova anocherekedza, uye muna 1804 - mambo. Mugore rimwe chetero, nekutora Napoleon, iyo itsva Civil kodhi inobudiswa, yaive hwaro hwemutemo weRoma.
Bumbiro remukati rakaitwa naiye mambo anoitwa achisimbisa simba rayo, iro, mumaonero ake, akavimbisa kuchengetedza kwekuchinja kwechimuko. Inogadzirisa inochinja mumunda wemutemo uye kutonga. Ivo vakatora huwandu hwekuchinja kwemutemo mumutemo uye ekutonga. Chikamu cheaya jeko uye ikozvino ita hwaro hwekushanda kwenyika. Napoleon yakadzurwa kusagadzikana. Mutemo wakagamuchirwa, uchipa kodzero yepfuma. Zvizvarwa zveFrance zvaizivikanwa seakaenzana nenzvimbo uye mikana.
Veyaiti vakagadzwa kumaguta nemisha, bhangi reFrance rakagadzirwa. Rumutsiriro rwehupfumi rwakatanga, izvo zvaisakwanisa kutombofara kunyange izvo zvisina mwero wehuwandu. Inomira muuto dzakatenderwa kuwana murombo. Minda yakavhurika munyika yese. Panguva imwecheteyo, mapurisa emapurisa akawedzera, Dhipatimendi rakavanzika rakawana, iyo mitezo yaive yakaoma censorship. Zvishoma nezvishoma pakanga paine mari yekudzoserwa kumamambo ehurumende yehurumende.
Chiitiko chakakosha kune zviremera zveFrench chibvumirano chakagumiswa nePapa weRoma, nekuda kwehumwari hwevakuru veBonaparte rakazivikanwa kuti vazivise kuKatorike kune chitendero chikuru chevagari vazhinji. Sosaiti inoenderana naMambo yakakamurwa kuita misasa miviri. Chikamu chevagari vemo vakazivisa kuti Napoleon akatengesa shanduko, asi egeapartte pachavo akatenda kuti ndiye ndiye mutsivi wezano rake.
Kunze kwenyika
Kutanga kweBhodi reNapoleon akaverengera kwechinguva, kana France yakatungamira hondo neAustria neEngland. Mushandirapamwe mutsva weItari anokunda akabvisa kutyisidzira kubva kumiganhu yeFrance. Mhedzisiro yehutano hwaive kuzviisa pasi kweanenge nyika dzese dzeEurope. Mundunzvimbo idzi dzisina kubatanidzwa muFrance, zvigadziriso zvamambo weHumambo zvakasikwa, avo vatongi vaive nhengo dzemhuri yake. Russia, Prussia neAustria Conclose mubatanidzwa.
Pakutanga, Napoleon akaonekwa seMuponesi Amailand. Vanhu vaidada nezvaakaita, iyo nyika yakanga yakakwira nyika. Asi hondo ine makore makumi maviri edzose ndaneta. Continental Blockded, yakaziviswa neBonaparte, iyo yakatungamira kuhupfumi hweEngland, indasitiri yayo yechiedza, yakamanikidzwa kuBritish yekumisa kutengesa hukama neEuropean nyika. Dambudziko racho rakarova maguta edare reFrance, kuendesa kwezvinhu zvekoloni kwakabviswa kune iyo muEurope yakanga yatojaira. Kunyangwe chivanze cheFrench chakatambura nekushaikwa kwekofi, shuga, tii.
Mamiriro ezvinhu akawedzera dambudziko rehupfumi ra1810. BHURIGEOISIE haina kuda kushandisa mari muhondo, nekuti kutyisidzira kwekurwisa dzimwe nyika dzakaramba dziri kure. Akanzwisisa kuti chinangwa chemasangano ekunze ndechekuwedzera simba rayo uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvibodzwa zveimba.
Kutanga kwarowa kweumambo hwaive 1812, apo mauto eRussia akakunda uto reNapoleonic. Kusikwa kweMubatanidzwa weAnti-Arm, iyo yaisanganisira Russia, Austria, Prussia neSweden, muna 1814 yakava kudonha kweumambo. Gore rino rakakunda maFrench uye akapinda Paris.
Napoleon aifanira kurasa chigaro, asi chimiro chamambo chakachengetedzwa shure kwake. Akareva chitsuwa cheElba muGungwa reMeditera. Nekudaro, iyo Referen Referender yakagara ipapo kwenguva yakareba.
Vagari vechiFrench nemauto haana kugutsikana nemamiriro ezvinhu, akatya kudzoka kwemabudiro uye nekufara. Bonaparte inoita kuti vapukunyuke uye Kurume 1, 1815 inoenda kuParis, kwaanosangana nemisangano yekushingairira. Zviito zvehondo zvinotangazve. Munhoroondo, iyi nguva yakapinda se "mazuva zana." Kukundwa kwekupedzisira kwehondo yeNapoleonic kwakaitika musi waChikumi 18, 1815 mushure mekurwa kuWaterloo.
Iye anokundwa Emperor aive atapwa neBritish uye akaendeswa kune iyo link. Panguva ino akazviwana ari muAtlantic Ocean pachitsuwa cheSt. Helena, kwaaigara kwemamwe makore matanhatu. Asi kwete ese maBritish akabata napoleon zvisizvo. Muna 1815, George Byron, akafadzwa neyekupedzisira emambo akapfuudza, akagadzira "Tapoleonic kutenderera" kubva phepfente shanu, mushure meizvozvo mudetembi akazvidzwa mukusavimbika. Pakati peBritish pakanga paine imwe fan yeNapoleon - Princess Charlotte, mwanasikana wenguva yemberi George IV, kuti rutsigiro rwekuti iye Emperorer akaverengerwa panguva imwe, asi akafa muna 1817 panguva yekuzvara.
Hupenyu Hwako
Napoleon Bonaparte kubva pazera diki yakasarudzika nemufaro. Kupesana nekutenda kwakakurumbira, kukura kweNapoleon kwaive kwakakwirira kupfuura izvo zviripo mumakore iwayo - 168 cm, iyo yaisakwanisa kukwezva kutarisa kwevakomana kana vakadzi. Zvimiro zveMushwa, kutumira, izvo zvinoonekwa pane zvakabikwa zvakaunzwa muchimiro chemufananidzo, zvakakonzera kufarira pakati pavakadzi vakamukomberedza.
Mudiwa wekutanga, uyo wechidiki akapa murume wechidiki, aive nechido chemakore ane makore 16 - Eugene-Clara. Asi panguva iyoyo, basa rake muParis rakatanga kukudziridza nekukurumidza, uye Napoleon haana kuramba runako rweParis. Muguta guru reFrance, Bonaparte inoda kutanga zvinyorwa nevakadzi vakuru pane iye.
Chiitiko chakakosha chehupenyu hwega hweNapoleon, hwakabatwa muna 1796, warowanano yake muna Josephine Bogne. Vanodikanwa Bonaparte vaive vakuru kupfuura makore matanhatu. Akazvarwa mumhuri inodyara pachitsuwa cheMartinique muCaribbean. Kubva pazera ramakore gumi nematanhatu, aive akaroora Vicontite Alexander De Bogarne, akazvarwa vana vaviri. Makore matanhatu mushure mekuroora, zvakakamurwa nemumwe wake uye imwe nguva vaigara muParis, panguva iyoyo muimba yababa. Mushure mekuchinja, 1789 akaenda kuFrance. MuParis, murume wake waimbove murume akatsigirwa, panguva iyoyo akabata nzvimbo yakakwirira yezvematongerwo enyika. Asi muna 1794, viscoths vakaurayiwa, uye Josephine pachake akasika imwe nguva mutirongo.
Kwapera gore, ini ndinovaka rusununguko, Josephine akasangana naBonaparte, uyo akange asina mukurumbira. Maererano nerumwe ruzivo, panguva yekufambidzana, aimboita nerudo nemutongi weFrance naBarras, asi hazvina kumutadzisa kuva pamuchato weBonaparte neZvapupu zvaJehovha. Mukuwedzera, barasi akanyunyuta pachinhu chechikomba chemukuru wehondo yeItaly yeRepublic.
Vanotsvagurudza vanopokana kuti vanoda vane vazhinji vevadikani. Vaviri vakaberekerwa kubva kuFrance pazvitsuwa zvidiki, kunyimwa, vakagara mutorongo, vese vaive varota. Mushure memuchato, Napoleon akaenda kunzvimbo yeuto reItaly, uye Josephine akaramba ari muParis. Mushure mekuratidzira kweItaly, Bonaparte yakatumirwa kuEjipitori. Josephine anga asati oteverwa nemurume wake, asi akanakidzwa nehupenyu hwenyika muguta guru reFrance.
Kushungurudzwa negodo, Napoleon yakatanga kutanga yaunoda. Zvinoenderana nezvinofungidzirwa nezvevatsvaga, anodikanwa naNapoleon aive kubva makumi maviri kusvika makumi mashanu emachira akateedzerwa, izvo zvakatungamira mukubuda kwevadyi venhaka zvisiri pamutemo. Izvo zvinozivikanwa nezve zviviri - Alexander Colonne-Valevsky uye Charles Leone. Iyo genus yekoramu-valevsky yapona nanhasi. Amai vaAlexander vakava mwanasikana wePolish Aristocrat Maria Valevskaya.
Josephine aisakwanisa kuve nevana, saka muna 18.10th Napoleon anoramba hake. Pakutanga, bonaparte yakaronga kubereka nemhuri yePokisi yeRomov. Akabvunza maoko eAnna Pavlovna anobva kuna mukoma wake Alexander I. Asi mambo weRussia aisada kumhanyira kumutongi kwete ropa roumambo. Munzira dzakawanda, kusawirirana uku kwakabata kutonhora kwehukama pakati peFrance neRussia. Napoleon akawana mwanasikana wamambo weAustria Maria Maria-Louise, uyo muna 1811 akamubereka mugari wenhaka. Imba iyi haina kubvumidzwa neruzhinji rweFrance.
Chishamiso ndechekuti, Pashure pacho, muzukuru Josephine munonyanya, uye kwete Napoleon anova mambo wechiFrench. Vazukuru vake vanotonga muDenmark, Belgium, Norway, Sweden naLuxembourg. Zvizvarwa zvaNapolon hazvina kuramba zvevana vake vasina vana, asi iye amene akafa achiri mudiki.
Apedza kuongorora Chitsuwa cheElba Bonaparte, aitarisira kuona mumwe wako akakodzera padivi pake, asi Maria-Louise akaenda kune iye muridzi. Maria Valevskaya akasvika kuBhonaparte nemwanakomana wake. Kudzokera kuFrance, Napoleon akarega kuona Maria chete Louise, asi mambo haana kugamuchira mhinduro kune ese mavara akatumirwa kuAustria.
Rufu
Mushure mekukundwa kweiyo Waterloo Bonaparte Colotal Nguva pachitsuwa cheSt. Elena. Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake aizadzwa nekutambura nechirwere chisingarapike. Musi waMay 5, 1821, Napoleon i bonaparte akafa, aive nemakore makumi mashanu nemashanu.
Maererano nerimwe vhezheni, chikonzero cherufu chaive oncology, pane imwe - chepfu yeAlsenic. Vatsvagiri vanobata shanduro dzegomba remudumbu nekuda kwemhedzisiro yeiyo autopsy, uye nekumagariro eBonaparte, avo baba vakafa nekenza yemudumbu. Vamwe vanyori venhoroondo vanotaura kuti pamberi porufu, Napoleon Tolstie. Uye chakava chiratidzo chisina kunanga chehupfu hweArsenic, sezvo varwere vari kurasikirwa nehuremu neyecology. Uye zvakare, mubvudzi ramambo mushure mekunge mumashure, tsvaga yeArsenic yekumanikidzirwa zvakanyanya.
Maererano nekunoda kwaNafuleon, raigara vakatakurwa kuenda kuFrance muna 1840, iro rinovharirwa muimba yeParis yeVanhu vakaremara muCathedral. Kutenderedza guva revaimbove mambo wechiFrench kuratidzwa mazviro akagadzirwa naJean Jacques pradier.