Biography
Abraham Lincoln akaberekerwa muHodgenville, Kentucky, February 12, 1809. Thomas Lincoln akava baba vake, murimi anoremekedzwa, uye amai - Nancy Hanks, vakatamira kuHurumende kubva kumadokero Virginia. Maiwe, hatina kugadzirirwa kukura mumhuri ine hupfumi
Mhuri yekubhapisa yakaramba ichienda kuIndiana, kutarisira kuedza kufara mukuvandudzwa kwenyika itsva. Munguva pfupi iri kutevera, Nancy Hanks akafa, uye kuita mabasa ake ekutarisira Lincoln-mudiki akazova hanzvadzi yekutanga Sarah. Muna 1819, Thomas Lincoln, akapora kubva pakurasikirwa, akawana mukadzi waSaru-bush Johnston, chirikadzi, iyo panguva iyoyo yaive vana vatatu kubva kumuchato wekutanga. NaSara-gwenzi, hukama hunosiya hwaive nehukama hushamwari nemutungamiri wenguva yemberi, uye zvishoma nezvishoma akave amai vechipiri kwaari.
Mudiki Abrahama aifanira kuendeswa chero nguva yebasa-nguva kuti abatsire mhuri yake kuderedza nemhedzisiro. Pakanga paine kusarudzika kwekubata hove uye kuvhima: nekuti basa rakadai, wechidiki Lincoln haana kumbobvira atora, sezvo vasina kusangana nheyo dzake.
Abrahama akava wekutanga mumhuri yake akadzidza kuverenga nekunyora, uye zvakare aida zvakanyanya kuverenga. Sezvineiwo, chokwadi chekuti kumakore ake ese makore, murume wechidiki aipinda chikoro, haana kuzokosha kupfuura gore. Akamanikidzwa kushanda kuti abatsire hama dzake, asi kuseta kwakamubatsira kuti ave munhu anokwanisa.
Abraham Lincoln paive nemakore makumi maviri nemasere, mhuri yake huru yakasarudza kutama. Panguva imwe chete, jaya remafuta rakangwara, iro kukura kwaro, uye huwandu hwekukudzwa hauna kutemerwa kuziva kwevezera chero ripi zvaro rakanyatsodzidza kuchikoro, vakasarudza kutanga hupenyu hwakazvimirira. Kusvika parizvino, akashanda nemazvo kuti akwanise mhuri uye akapa vabereki vake mabasa ese, asi zviitiko zvakadaro hazvina kumukodzera mumamiriro ezvinhu ehupenyu hwake.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti nyaya yekubudirira yaAbraham Lincoln inyaya isiri kungokunda kukunda, asi zvakare kudanawo netsitsi, izvo zvematongerwo enyika vaigara vachiziva kuti vangangotadzisa kukudzwa kwechokwadi. Saka, muna 1832, akaedza kukundwa negungano remutemo weIllinois, asi akundikana. Ipapo Lincoln akatonyanya zvakanyanya kupfuura, akatanga kudzidza sainzi (kunyanya aifarira kurudyi).
Mukufananidza neizvi, jaya riri muungano neshamwari yake akaedza kuwana mari muchitoro chekutengesa, asi bhizinesi revadiki vabati vakabuda mumaoko zvakaipa. Abraham, kumanikidzwa kufunga nezve peni imwe neimwe, yakachengetedzwa chete nekuverenga zvakawanda uye kugara ichirota. Panyaya imwechete, Lincoln akagadzira maitiro ayo asina kunaka kune uranda.
Pashure paizvozvo, wechidiki Abrahamu akakwanisa kugamuchira iyo postmaster mutaundi reSyutylene nyowani, uye mushure mechinguva akatora post yemurimi. Munguva dzekugara muNew Syutylelene Lincoln akagamuchira imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa mazita emazwi anonyanya kuzivikanwa: "Akavimbika AB".
Iyo bumbiro yakanga ichiri yakasimba nemari, saka kazhinji aifanira kukweretesa kunze kwehama dzake. Asi aigara achidzokera zvikwereti kuenda kune yekupedzisira penenti nenguva, iyo yaakagamuchira zita rekuti zita.
Kutanga kwebasa rezvematongerwo enyika
Muna 1835, Abraham Lincoln akaedza zvakare kukundwa negungano remutemo reNyika yeIlinois, uye panguva ino akakwanisa kubudirira. Muna 1836, vezvematongerwo enyika vakabudirira vakabudirira kupfuudza bvunzo dzemusoro wemusoro wegweta, paakadzidza nzvimbo dzese dzemutemo uri wega. Pashure pacho, akashanda kwenguva yakareba munzvimbo yepamutemo, kusanganisira, akaendeswa kuitira nyaya dzakaoma uye akaramba kugamuchira mubhadharo kubva kune varombo vaida rubatsiro rwake. Mukutaura kwake, Abrahama aigara achisimbisa tsika dzeDemocratic.
Muna 1846, Aitenda Akavimbika akapinda mumba yevamiriri veCongress. Senge musarudzo kugungano remutemo reIllinois, akasarudzwa kubva mubato reVigov. Lincoln akashora zviito zvehusiku zveUnited States muHondo yeU Mexico, akatsigira chishuvo chevakadzi kuti vagamuchire mutemo wekuvhota, zvakataurwa kununurwa zvishoma nezvishoma kwenyika kubva kune varanda vepamoyo
Pashure penguva yakati, Abrahama aifanira kutama kubva kune zvematongerwo enyika kwechinguva, sezvo zvake asina kunaka kuhondo yeAmerican-Mexico, iyo yakanga yakakurumbira mumatare, yaive yakakonzera mamiriro eNative yake. Pasina kusasa musoro wake semadota nekuda kwekutadza uku, Lincoln akatanga kubhadhara nguva yakawanda kumuitiro wepamutemo.
Muna 1854, pati yeRepublican yeUnited States yakagadzirwa, uyo akashandisa kubviswa kweuranda, uye muna 1856 wezvematongerwo enyika akava chikamu chesimba rematongerwo enyika. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti panguva iyoyo vaimbova vateveri veimba yeVigi vakapinda muBato Republican.
Makore mashoma gare gare, iye, pamwe nemumiriri webato reDemocratic, Stephen Dougallas, akamhanyira kuSeneti yeUnited States. Munguva yekupokana, Lincoln akarondedzera zvakare maitiro ake asina kunaka kune uranda, uyo akamutendera kuti agadzire mukurumbira wakanaka, kunyangwe akarasikirwa nesarudzo.
Mutungamiri weU.S.a
Muna 1860, Abraham Lincoln akasarudzwa semutungamiri wenyika kubva kuPublican Party. Aizivikanwa nekushanda kwake nesimba, nheyo dzakakwirira dzehunhu, dzaive nekubwinya kwemurume kubva kuvanhu. Chokwadi chinonakidza nezvezvematongerwo enyika nerubatsiro rwakaverengerwa kubva pamapeji emapepanhau, uye mapikicha ayo aiwirirana nevatongi nekuvimbika uye kushusha. Nekuda kweizvozvo, wezvematongerwo enyika akakunda sarudzo nekunyora zvinopfuura 80% yemavhoti.
Zvisinei, vanopikisa mutungamiri wenhambwe achangosarudzwawo ane zvakawanda. Mitemo yake yakasiya mukana wekuparadzira uranda hwakakonzera chirevo chenyika dzinoverengeka nezvekubuda kweUnited States. Zvinotaurwa nemutungamiri weiyo kubviswa kwerusirava uko uko kwatove kushanda, munguva pfupi iri kutevera hakuna kurongwa, kwakundikana kugadzirisa zvinopesana pakati pevatsigiri vevaranda nevapikisi vayo.
Hondo yevagari muUSA
Hondo pakati pemuridzi wemuranda gumi nemashanu uye nyika makumi maviri, uko iyo Institute yayo isina kuwanikwa, yakatanga muna 1861 uye yakagara kusvika 1865, ichiva muedzo wakakomba weMutungamiriri wacho achangobva kusarudzwa. Muhondo iyi, rufu rwake rwekutanga rwakasangana nehurongwa hwehukuru hweAmerica pane chero kumwe kukweva kwakaputirwa nenyika.
Hondo yaisanganisira akawanda madiki uye akakura hondo uye akapedzisira aine huwandu hwekusangana, izvo nyika inotaura zviri pachena zvevaranda vevaridzi vevaridzi vepamoyo vaive vakabatana. Nyika yacho yaifanira kuita imwe nzira yakaoma yekubatanidza yakasunungurwa muhuwandu muhuwandu muAmerican nzanga.
Munguva yehondo, democracy yaive yekutanga kufarira Mutungamiriri. Akaisa zvese zvinoitwa kuitira kuti kunyangwe muhondo yehondo yehondo yakabudirira kushanda zvakabudirira, sarudzo dzakarongeka, rusununguko rwekutaura uye rusununguko rwevanhu vepasirese revagari vakasara.
Kechipiri uye kuuraya
Mukati memakore ehondo, Abraham Lincoln akawana vavengi vazhinji. Nekudaro, mutungamiri wenyika airidzwa nekubudiswa kwekutamiswa kwevagari vemo kudare, nekuda kwekuti vese maResters, pamwe nevateveri vanoshingaira veimba yemuranda, vaigona kusungwa pakarepo.
Ndakafarira vanhu uye kuita pamusoro pehumhondi, zvinoenderana nekwaanoitwa nemugadziri, uyo akatanga kuita pasi pane imwe zano uye kuvakwa kwakakwira pairi, kwakava muridzi wayo uzere.
Zvese izvi zvakabvumidza Lincolno kuti atambe zvekare kwechero kechipiri, zvisinei, kuti agadzirise nyika yake kwaari, Maiwe, yakanga isiri nguva yakareba. Kubvumbi 14, 1865, mazuva mashanu mushure mekupera kwehondo yevagari, Abraham Lincoln muFord TheTater neActor John Wilke Bom, akataura parutivi rwemaodzanyemba. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti dzimba zhinji dzakazotevera pakati pemamiriro ezvinhu aLincoln kufa uye kuti Johane Kennedy akaurayiwa sei mushure mezana remakore.
Parizvino, Lincoln anoonekwa seimwe purezidhendi ane ruzivo rweUS yakadzivirira kupararira kwerudzi uye akaita nhamburiko yakawanda kune vasunungure vekuAfrica maAmerican. Washington, chifananidzo chemutungamiri wenyika, sechiratidzo chekutenda vanhu vese veAmerica, vanoiswa muWashington. Quotes 16 mutungamiri weUS vakanga vari chikamu chehungwaru hwevanhu vekuAmerica.
Hupenyu Hwako
Akavimbika AB, anogona kunge ari, akatambura nechirwere chakadai saMarfan syndrome. Uyezve, shamwari yacho yaAbrahama yakaora mwoyo: Vanoti muhuduku hwake, murume wechidiki akatoyedza kupa naye kakawanda.
Muna 1840, Mutungamiriri wenguva yemberi akasangana naMariya Todd, uye muna 1842 vaviri vakaroora. Mudzimai aigara achitsigira mukadzi wake mune zvese zvinoedza, uye achangofa kufa kwake kwakarasikirwa nepfungwa.
Vanakomana vana vakaberekerwa mumhuri, asi, mava, Maiwe, vazhinji vevana vana vaLincoln vakafa mumucheche kana wechidiki. Mwana wega waMariya naAbrahama, vakapukunyuka pazera rekuyaruka uye vakafa vachembera - mwanakomana wedangwe, mwanakomana wedangwe Rodd Lincoln.