Biography
Mikhail Glinka mutambi weRussia, muvambi weRussia National Opera, Munyori wenyika Akakurumbira Operas "Hupenyu Hupenyu" ("Ivan Susanin") uye "Ruslan naRudmila".
Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich akaberekerwa mu generic estate yemhuri yake mune iyo Smolensk nharaunda muna Chivabvu 20 (June 1) ye 1804. Baba vake vaive vedzinza reRudzi rwePolish Grandry. Vabereki vemanyorero emunguva yemberi vanoverengerwa hama refu-refu. Amail's Amai vaavapa qrevna glinka-zemka yaive hanzvadzi yechipiri yaBaba vake - Ivan Nikolayevich Glinka.
Iye mukomana airwadza uye mwana asina kusimba. Makore gumi ekutanga ehupenyu hwake aiverengera mumakore gumi ekutanga ehupenyu hwake, amai veFetha alexandrovna. Ambuya mukadzi asingazungunuke uye akaomesesa, akarimwa mumwana nguva yekugara uye kutya. Akadzidza muzukuru we focla alexandrovna kumba. Kufarira kwekutanga mumhanzi kwakaratidzwa nemukomana mukutanga kweudiki paakaedza kutevedzera bhero racho richiringirira nerubatsiro rwemidziyo yemhangura.
Mushure mekufa kwambuya vake, amai vake vakatanga dzidzo yeMikhail. Akaronga kuti mwanakomana ari mu St. Petersburg Guesthouse, maine vana vakasarudzwa chete vakacherekedza. Ikoko Mikhail akasangana naLV's Pushkin uye mukoma wake mukuru. Alexander Sergeevich Inoshanyira hama uye aimuziva shamwari dzepedyo, imwe yacho yaive Mikhail glinka.
Mumba yevaenzi, muridzi wenguva yemberi akatanga kutora zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi. Mudzidzisi wake wavanofarira aive pianist carl mayer. Glinka anoyeuka kuti uyu mudzidzisi akafuridzirwa nekuumbwa kwemimhanzi yake yekuravira. Muna 1822, Mikhail akapedza kudzidza kufunda muimba yekubhodhi. Pazuva rekusunungurwa, iye pamwe chete nemudzidzisi Mayer zvakaitwa neruzivo rweGummel concert piyano. Kutaura kwakabudirira.
Carier kutanga
Kuumbwa kwekutanga kweGlinta ndekwekuti ndewekuburitswa kubva kuGesthouse. Muna 1822, Mikhail Ivanovich akava munyori wevanhu vanoverengeka. Mumwe wavo "usaimbe, akanaka, neni" akanyorwa pamavhesi aAlexander puskin. Mufambisi wechiimbi chakaitika nehombodo chakaitika panguva yekufunda, asi makore mashoma mushure mekuburitswa kweGlinka kubva kuGenesthoe, vechidiki vakava shamwari pachinhu chakajairika.
Mikhail Ivanovich, kubva paudiki, akasiyaniswa nehutano husina kunaka. Muna 1923, akaenda kuCaucasus anorapwa nemvura yemaminerari. Ikoko akayemura nzvimbo dzenyika, akadzidza ngano dzemunharaunda uye kugona kwevanhu, kuita hutano. Mushure mekudzoka kubva kuCaucasus, Mikhail Ivanovich akapotsa asiya generic yake, achigadzira mimhanzi yemimhanzi.
Muna 1924, akaenda kuguta, kwaaigara muushumiri hwerima uye mameseji. Haishandisirwe uye makore mashanu, Glinka akasiya basa. Chikonzero chekutaura kubva kubasa ndiko kushaya nguva yemahara yemimhanzi. Hupenyu muSt. Petersburg akataura naMikhail Ivanovich inofambidzana nevanhu vakasarudzika venguva yake. Iyo nharaunda yakarongedza iyo inoumbwa inodiwa yekugadzira.
Muna 1830, hutano hwaGlinka hwakawedzera kukura, muimbi akamanikidzwa kuchinja dudziro yePeternburg yemamiriro ekunze anodziya. Muumbi akaenda kunorapwa kuEurope. Rwendo rwekuvaraidza kuenda kuItari Glinka rakasanganiswa nehunyanzvi kudzidza. Milan, mutambi wacho akasangana naDonizetti naBellini, vakadzidza opera uye Belkanto. Mushure memakore mana ekugara kwake muItari, Glinka akaenda kuGermany. Ikoko akatora zvidzidzo kuSiegfried Dena. Kuvhiringidza kudzidzisa Mikhail Ivanovich aifanira kuve nekuda kwekufa kusingatarisirwi kwaBaba. Mutambi akakurumidza kudzokera kuRussia.
Basa Rakawedzera
Mimhanzi yaigara zvese pfungwa dzeGlinka. Muna 1834, mutambi wacho akatanga kushanda paOpera yake yekutanga "Ivan Susanin", iyo yakazotumidzwa zita rekuti "hupenyu hweTsar". Iro zita rekutanga renyaya rakadzoserwa panguva dzeSoviet. Chiitiko cheOpera chinoitika muna 1612, asi kusarudzwa kwehuro pfungwa kwakapesvedzerwa nehondo ya1812, iyo yakaitika panguva yehudiki hwemunyori. Paakatanga, Glinta aingova nemakore masere chete, asi pesvedzero yake pakuziva kwemhanzi yakachengetedzwa kwemakumi emakore.
Muna 1842, mutambi akapedza basa kubva kubasa rake rechipiri opera. Basa re "Ruslan naRyudmila" rakaratidzwa pazuva rimwe chete se "IVE SUSANIN", asi nemusiyano wemakore matanhatu.
Glinka akanyora yake yechipiri opera. Zvakamutora anenge makore matanhatu kuti aenderere mberi kubva pabasa iri. Iko kushungurudzika kwemunyori kwaisava muganho kana basa racho risina kubudirira netsaona. Kushora wave kutsoropodza muimbi. Zvakare muna 1842 muimbi aive nedambudziko muhupenyu hwake, izvo zvinopesvedzera hutano hwepamoyo uye hwemuviri hweGlinka.
Kusagutsikana nehupenyu wakasundira mikhail ivanovich kutora rwendo rutsva-rutsva kuenda kuEurope. Muumbi akashanyira maguta akati wandei muSpain neFrance. Zvishoma nezvishoma, akadzosera kufemera kwake kwekugadzira. Mhedzisiro yerwendo rwake yaive mabasa matsva: "Aragon Khota" uye "ndangariro dzeCastle". Hupenyu muEurope hwakabatsira Glinka kudzorera kuzvivimba. Muumbi akaenda kuRussia zvakare.
Kwenguva yakati, Glinka anoshandiswa mu gentate, akabva agara muSt. Asi hupenyu hwenyika hwakaneta nemuimbi. Muna 1848, akazviwana ari muWarsaw. Ikoko muimbi akararama makore maviri. Iyi nguva yekuumbwa kwemunyori akaiswa chiratidzo nekugadzira sym symhonic fant "Kamarinskaya".
Mikhail Ivanovich akapedza makore mashanu ekupedzisira ehupenyu. Muna 1852, mutumwa akaenda kuSpain. Mamiriro ehutano emimhanzi aive asina kusimba, uye Glinta paakasvika kuFrance, akafunga kugara ipapo. Paris inomudzingira. Kunzwa kusimuka kwehutano, mutambi wacho akatanga kushanda pane symphony yeTaras bulba. Aigara kwemakore anenge maviri muParis, muimbi ane zvese zvake zvekusika akaenda kumba. Chikonzero chechisarudzo ichi chaive kutanga kwehondo yemharo. Symphony "Taras Bulba" haana kuzombopedzwa.
Kudzokera kuRussia muna 1854, muimbi akanyora memoirs, ayo akaburitswa mushure memakore gumi nematanhatu anonzi "zvinyorwa". Muna 1855, Mikhail Ivanovich yakanyora romance "muminiti yehupenyu yakaoma" kuvhetera Mikhail Lermontov. Kwapera gore, kunyorwa kwakaenda kuBerlin.
Hupenyu Hwako
Glinka's Biography inyaya yerudo yemunhu mimhanzi, asi pakanga paine mutinyore uye hupenyu hwakawanda hwega. Munguva yekufamba kwake muEurope, Mikhail yakava gamba rezvakawanda zvekutamba. Kudzokera kuRussia, mutambi akafunga kuroora. Maererano nomuenzaniso waBaba vangu, akasarudza hama yake yerusha murefu muna shamwari dzake. Mukadzi wemugadziri akazobereka Maria (Marya) petrovna Ivanova.
Vabati vakaroora vane mutsauko ane makore gumi nemana, asi muumbi haana kumisa. Muchato wakazova asingafare. Mikhail Ivanovich akakurumidza kuona kuti aive asina kukanganisa nesarudzo. Zvinosungira muchato zvakasungirwa muimbi nemuroora asingadewe, uye mwoyo wakapihwa kune mumwe mukadzi. Catherine kendrn yakava rudo rutsva rwemunyori. Musikana uyu aive mwanasikana we muse pushkin, uyo Alexander Sergeevich akatsaurira nhetembo "Ini ndinorangarira nguva yakanaka."
Ukama hwaGlinka nemudiwa hwakagara makore anoda kusvika gumi. Yakawanda yenguva ino muimbi akaroora zviri pamutemo. Mukadzi wake wepamutemo Maria Ivanova, uyo aisararama mumuchato uri pamutemo, akatanga kutsvaga maAmbur Adventures kudivi. Glinka aiziva nezve adventures yake. Muroora akatuka muridzo womuimbi ari marara, anotakura uye akachinja. Mutemo waishungurudzika kwazvo.
Mushure memakore matanhatu ekuroora neGlinka Maria Ivanov muchivande akaroora The Cornet Nikolai Vasilchikov. Kana mamiriro ezvinhu aya paakavhurwa, Glinta akagamuchira tariro yekurambana. Nguva yese iyi, mutambi waive nehukama neCatherine Curne. Muna 1844, muimbi akanzwisisa kuti kukura kwerudo rwehugas. Makore maviri gare gare, akagamuchira kurambana, asi haana kuiroora paCatherine.
Glinka uye pushkin
Mikhail Ivanovich naAlexander Sergeevich vaive vakararama panguva iyoyo. Pushkin aive mukuru Glinka kwemakore mashanu chete. Mushure meMikhail Ivanovich akakwira makore makumi maviri, pakanga paine zvakawanda zvinodiwa naAlexander Sergeyevich. Hushamwari hwevanhu vechidiki hwakaramba huchivirisa rufu runyararo rwedetembi.
Glinka yakabatana opera Ruslan uye Lyudmila kuitira kuti tikwanise kushanda ne pushkin. Kufa kwedetembi kwakanyanya kudzikisira maitiro ekugadzira iyo opera. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kurongedza kwake kwakundikana. Gljka anonzi "Pushkin kubva mumhanzi", nekuti akaitawo mumwechete mupiro wekuumbwa kweChikoro cheRussia yeRussia seshamwari yake mukuvandudzwa kwemabhuku eRussia.
Rufu
MuGermany, Glinka aidzidza kugona kwaJohann Sebastian Baha nevarume vake. Pasina kugara muBerlin uye gore, muumbi akafa. Rufu rwakamubata munaFebruary 1857.
Mutemo wakaviga zvine mwero pashoma mapoka echiLutheran. Mwedzi mishoma gare gare, munun'una weGlinka Lyudmila akauya kuBerlin kuronga ngoro yehama yaGruch kumusha kwavo kumusha kwavo kumusha kwavo. Bhokisi rine mutumbi weiyo commoser kubva kuBerlin kuenda kuSt. Petersburg yakatakurwa mubhokisi remakadhibhodi "porcelain".
Possedli Glinka mu St. Petersburg kuTikhvin Cemetery. Iyo yechokwadi germstone kubva kuguva yekutanga yemunyori ichiri kuwanikwa muBerlin mundima yeRussia Orthodox cemetery. Muna 1947, chifananidzo kuGlinka chakaiswawo ipapo.
Chokwadi chinonakidza
- Glinka akava munyori werudo "Ndinoyeuka nguva yakanaka," iyo yakanyorwa pamavhesi eAlexander Sergeevich plankin. Mudetembi akasiya musara weMuse yake Ana Kern, naMikhail ivanovich yakatsaurira kumimhanzi yemwanasikana wake Catherine.
- Mushure mekunge vemo vagamuchira nhau dzekufa kwamai muna amai muna 1851, ruoko rwake rworudyi rwakabvisa. Amai vaive vemuimbi murume wepedyo.
- Glinka aigona kuve nevana. Muimbi wechikepe muna 1842 aive nepamuviri. Muumbi panguva ino akaroora zviri pamutemo uye aisakwanisa kuwana kurambana. Muimbi akapa Catherine curne curne yakakura mari yakawanda pakubvisa chad. Mukadzi akasara kweinenge gore kune yePoltava Dunhu. Maererano nerimwe rerimwe shanduro, mwana anga achiri kuberekwa, nekuti Ekaterina Korn aive asipo kwenguva yakareba. Pakati peino nguva, manzwiro emumhanzi akasiya, akasiya chido. Glinka, pakupera kwehupenyu hwake, ini ndakademba kuti ndakabvunza Ekaterina kuti abvise mwana.
- Musician kwemakore mazhinji akatsvaga kurambana nemudzimai wake Maria Ivanova, achida kuroora akaroora nomudiwa wake waCatherine Catherine Caern, asi akawana rusununguko, akasarudza kuroora kuroora. Akasiya chishuvo chake, achitya zvisungo zvitsva. Ekaterina Korn aive akamirira kweanenge makore gumi ayo anodzidziswa kwaari.