Biography
Wolfgang amadeus mozart akaoneka muSalzburg muna Ndira 27, 1756. Baba vake vaive muimbi uye viininist Leopold Mozart, vakashanda muDare Chapel yeCount Sigismund von Stratenbach (Prince-Archishop Salzburg). Anna Maria Mozart (muPerburl's Maidel) akazova amai vekuMunyori wechikepe akakurumbira (muPerthl's Maiden), iyo yakaitika kubva kumhuri yekiramu yemitambo yeiyo diki yeSt. Gilgen.
Muzvakazara, vana vanomwe vakazvarwa mumhuri yeMozart, zvakadaro, vazhinji vavo, zvinosuruvarisa, vakafa pazera diki. Mwana wekutanga weLeopold naAna, avo vakakwanisa kurarama, vakava hanzvadzi yekutanga yeramangwana reimba Maria Anna (hama neshamwari kubva paudiki musikana weNannerl). Mushure memakore mana, Wolfgang akaoneka. Kuzvarwa kuberekwa kwairema zvakanyanya, uye vanachiremba vakatya kwenguva refu kuti amai vemukomana vachange vafa. Asi mushure mechinguva, Ana akaenda kujairwa.
Vaviri vese vana veMozarts kubva pamakore ekutanga vakaratidza rudo kumimhanzi uye kugona kwakanaka kwaari. Baba vacho pavakatanga kudzidzisa Nannerl kutamba Clavesis, mukoma wake wechidiki waingova nemakore matatu chete. Nekudaro, kurira kwakauya panguva dzevamwe zvidzidzo zvakafara chaizvo pamusoro pemukomana mudiki, kubva panguva iyoyo kwaiwanzoswedera muchiridzwa, takamanikidza makiyi uye akanhonga kukanganisika kwakanaka. Uyezve, aigona kunyange kurasikirwa nezvimedu zvemabasa emimhanzi zvakambonzwa.
Naizvozvo, pamakore mana okukwegura, Wolfgang akatanga kugamuchira zvidzidzo zvake paClavesis kubva kuna baba vake. Nekudaro, kudzidza kwemenyu uye mitambo yakanyorwa nevamwe vanonyora, munguva pfupi yakavezwa mwana, uye pazera remashanu kune iyi mhando yebasa, chinyorwa chechidiki cheMozart yemitambo yake diki yakawedzerwa. Uye pamakore matanhatu, Wolfgang akadzivirira violin, uye angangodaro asina rubatsiro.
Nannerl uye Wolfgang haana kumboenda kuchikoro: Leopold akavapa dzidzo huru yekumba. Panguva imwecheteyo, madiki maumberi aigara achinyudzwa nekushingairira kukuru mukudzidza chero chipi zvacho. Semuenzaniso, kana zvaive zvemasvomhu, zvino mushure memakirasi mashoma aishingairira emukomana ese ari mukamuri: Kubva pamadziro uye pasi pezvigaro zvokurongedza necalk, mabasa uye equations.
Euro-rwendo
Wakatove pamakore matanhatu-, "mwana ari" zvishamiso "akaridza zvakanaka zvekuti aigona kunge akapa makomendi. Chinoshamisa kuwedzera kwemutambo wake wakafuridzirwa yaive izwi reNannerl: Musikana akaimba zvakanaka. Leopold Mozart akafadzwa nemumhanzi wevana vake, izvo zvakafunga kuenda navo kwenguva refu yemaguta akasiyana siyana eEuropean uye nyika. Aitarisira kuti rwendo urwu ruvayaunza kubudirira kukuru uye kwakakura mibairo.
Mhuri yakashanyira Munich, Brussels, Cologne, Mannheim, Paris, London, Hasha, maguta akati wandei eSwitzerland. Rwendo rwacho rwakadhonzwa kwemwedzi yakawanda, uye mushure mekudzoka muchidimbu kuna Salzburg - uye kwemakore. Pakati peino nguva, Wolfgang naWansnel vakapa makomisheni kune voruzhinji vakashambadzirwa, uye vakashanyirawo Reaater vaimbi uye zviitiko zvevaimbi vanozivikanwa nevabereki vavo.
Muna 1764, Sonats ina yekutanga yevadiki veWolfgang yakabudiswa muParis, yakagadzirirwa violin uye kiyi. MuLondon, mukomana aive nerombo rakanaka kudzidza kubva kuJohann Christian Bha (Mudiki mwanakomana waJohanne Sebastian Bha), uyo akambotaura munyaradzo wemwana uye, kuva mutambi wechiimbi, akapa wolgang yakawanda yezvidzidzo zvinobatsira.
Kwemakore, zvinoshamisa - vachinamata, vasina hutano hwakanaka, vaisaneta kwazvo. Vabereki vavo vaive vanonetesa: semuenzaniso, panguva yekugara kwemhuri yeMozart muLondon, Leopld akarwara kwazvo. Naizvozvo, muna 1766, Wundders, pamwe chete nevabereki vavo, vakadzokera kuguta ravo rekuzvarwa.
Kugadzira Kuumbwa
Pasinei nemakore gumi nemana, kuedza kwaWolfgar Mozart kwababa vakaenda kuItari, kwakashamiswa netarenda reiyo virtuoso. Kusvika muBlogena, akabudirira kutora chikamu mumakwikwi emumhanzi wevanhu vePhilharmonic pamwe chete nevaimbi, vazhinji vavo vakaenda kuna madzibaba.Mashandiro emunhu wechidiki akashamiswa neBhegi awakasarudzika zvekuti iye akasarudzwa yekudzidza, kunyange kazhinji ichi chinzvimbo chakapihwa chete kune vakabudirira chete kuti vafambi vane makore makumi maviri.
Pashure pokudzokera kuSalzburg, muumbi nemusoro wake akaenda kuhurumende yeSonatas dzakasiyana-siyana, operas, quitets, symphony. Iye mukuru akazova - akashinga uye epakutanga aive mabasa ake, zvaive zvishoma uye zvishoma pane zvakasikwa zvevaimbi, iyo yakayemurwa yakavezwa muhuduku. Muna 1772, mugumo weMozart naJosef Gaidn, uyo akava mudzidzisi wake mukuru uye neshamwari yepedyo kwazvo.
Pasina nguva Wolfgang akawana basa padare raArchbishop, pamwe nababa vake. Aive nehuwandu hukuru hwemirairo, asi mushure mekufa kwebhishopi wekare nekuuya kwemamiriro matsva echivanze kwakava kusanyanyofadza. Rwendo rwemweya mutsva wechidiki commer raive rwendo rwekuenda kuParis uye maguta makuru echiGerman muna 1777, izvo Leopold Mozart paakarova bhishopi nemwanakomana wake ane chipo.
Panguva iyoyo, mhuri yakatarisana nematambudziko akasimba emari, uye nekudaro amai vangangoenda neWolfgang. Vanyori vomukuru vakapa makomisheni, asi vane tsika dzake dzakatsauka vaive vasina kufanana nemimhanzi yekare yenguva idzodzo, uye mukomana wakura haasisina mufaro kune chimwe chitarisiko chake. Naizvozvo, panguva ino veruzhinji vakatanga muimbi ane chidiki chidiki. Uye muParis, amai vaMozart, vakawedzera rwendo rurefu uye risina kubudirira, vakafa. Muumbi akadzokera kuSalzburg.
Basa Rakawedzera
Pasinei nematambudziko nemari, wolfgang mozart kwenguva refu isina kugutsikana kuti bhishopi akakumbira sei kuti afare naye. Musahadzika mimhanzi yake, muimbi akatonga nezvenyaya yekuti mushandirwi anomuona semuranda. Naizvozvo, muna 1781, iye, aipamba kumitemo yose yehutsinye uye nekunyengetedza kwehama, akafunga kusiya basa kubva kuArchbhahopi kubva kuArchbishop uye kuenda kuVienna.
Ikoko, kunyorwa kwakazivikanwa naBaroni Starned Wang Stefani, uyo mumazuva iwayo aive mutungamiriri wechiimbi uye aive neunganidzwa wakakura wevaridzi vechikepe uye bach. Pane zano rake, Mozart akaedza kugadzira mimhanzi yeBarque, kuitira kuti iite mafambiro avo. Panguva imwecheteyo Mozart akaedza kugamuchira iyo post yemusi weMimhanzi yemuchinda wePrincess Württemberg Elizabeth, zvisinei, mambo akasarudza mudzidzisi weimba yaAntonio.
Peak yebasa rekugadzira reWolfgang mozart yakawira muna 1780s. Ndipo panguva iyoyo kuti akanyora yake yakakurumbira operas: "Muumbi Wemuumbi" "muchero" Nyenyema "," Don Juan ". Panguva imwecheteyo, idiki "husiku diki serenade" rakanyorwa muzvikamu zvina. Panguva iyoyo, mimhanzi yemunyori yakadaidzwa zvakanyanya, uye akagamuchira mari huru kwazvo muhupenyu hwebasa rake.
Nehurombo, iyo nguva yekusamboitika kusimudza kusimudza uye kuzivikanwa kweMozart yakagara kureba. Muna 1787, akafa anopisa baba, uye munguva pfupi, mukadzi wake, nguva yekuungana yakarwara nemusoro wegumbo rezasi, uye maive nemari yakakura yekurapa kwevakaroorana.
Mamiriro ezvinhu uye kufa kwamambo Joseph II anowedzera, mushure mekunge mambo Leopold II akavharirwa chigaro. Iye, akapesana nemunun'una wake, aisava fani yemimhanzi, nekuti zvaisave madikanwa kuverenga pane iyo nzvimbo yemambo mutsva.
Hupenyu Hwako
Mukadzi wega weMozart akazova nguva yekutamba, yaakasangana nayo muVienna (pakutanga mushure mekutamira kuguta reWolfgang rairenda kuimba yemhuri yeWebet.
Leopold Mozart aive achipesana nemuroora wemwanakomana wake pamusikana, sezvo akaona shungu yemhuri yake yekuwana iyo constance "bato rinobatsira". Kunyange zvakadaro, muchato wakaitika muna 1782.
Mudzimai wacho aive nepamuviri katatu, asi vashoma vana vevaviri ava vane ruzivo rwevacheche zera: chete Karl Thomas naFranz Khasever Wolfang vakapona.
Rufu
Muna 1790, apo Constance yakaenda kunorapwa, uye mamiriro emari yeWolfgang Mozart yakatonyanya kusinga tsaruki, mutambi akafunga kupa makomisheni akati wandei muFrankfurt. Muimbi ane mukurumbira, mufananidzo wemufananidzo uyu wakazoitwa tsika yekufambira mberi uye yakagamuchirwa kwazvo, yakagamuchirwa ne "kupora", asi mari yemakonzo yakanga iri diki uye haina kururamisa tariro yeWolfgang.Muna 1791, mutambi aive aine kusimuka kusingaenzaniswi. Panguva ino, "Symphony 40" akabuda pasi peminhenga yake, uye nguva pfupi asati afa - isina kupera "inodikanwa".
Mugore rimwe chetero, Mozart akarwara kwazvo: Akashungurudzwa nekusava nesimba, makumbo nemaoko emugadziri aive akazvimba, uye pasina nguva akatanga kutsvakwa kubva pakurwiswa kwemvura zhinji. Kufa kwaWolfgang kwakauya musi waDecember 5, 1791, iyo chikonzero chayo chepamutemo ndeye runyerekupe fivha.
Nekudaro, nanhasi, vamwe vanotenda kuti chinokonzeresa rufu rwaMozar00 rwakanga rwuri muchetura chomunyori antonio anozivikanwa mumazuva iwayo, uyo, mwaka, akange asina vanhu vakafanana neWolfgang. Kupfuura kuzivikanwa kweiyi vhezheni kunorevedzwa ne "Diki Diki" Yakanyorwa neAlexander Sergeevich Pushkin. Nekudaro, pakanga pasina kusimbiswa kweiyi vhezheni panguva iripo.
Chokwadi chinonakidza
- Zita razvino remunyori rinonzwika senge Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus (Gottlieb) Mozart, asi iye aigara achida kuti Wolfgang achinzi.
- Munguva yerwendo rukuru rwekusimudzira rwechidiki veMozars muEurope, mhuri yakazova muHolland. Zvino kwaive nechokutumira munyika, uye mimhanzi yakarambidzwa. Kunze kwacho kwakaitwa chete kuWolfgang, uchifunga tarenda rake nechipo chaMwari.
- Mozart yakavigwa muguva reGeneral, uko mabhokisi akati wandei aya: Mamiriro emhuri emhuri aive anorema panguva iyoyo. Naizvozvo, iyo chaiyo yekuviga nzvimbo yemutongi Mukuru haazivikanwe kusvika zvino.