Biography
Iyo Great Play Erland Era Renaissance, iyo nhetembo yenyika, uyo akagamuchira kuzivikanwa kwenyika, William Shakespeare muguta re stratford, iri kuchamhembe kweLondon. Munhoroondo, ruzivo chete rwe rubhabhatidzo rwake rwakachengetedzwa musi waApril 26, 1564.
Vabereki vemukomana vaive Johani Shakespeare naMariya Arden. Vaive pakati pevakaguta vagari veguta. Baba vemukomana vacho mukuwedzera kurima kwaiita mugadzirwa kwemagurovhosi, pamwe nemusikana mudiki. Akasarudzwa kakawanda kukanzuru yeguta reguta, aigadzika uye kunyange Meya.
Maererano nemamwe mishumo, John aive wechitendero cheKaturike, iwo pakupera kwehupenyu hwake akatambudzwa, akamumanikidza kuti atengese nyika dzayo dzose. Munguva yehupenyu hwake, akabhadhara mari yakakura yechiPurotesitendi yeiyo inget yebasa. Mai vaWilliam vaive nemacheche, ainzi rekare rinoremekedzwa surname. Maria akazvara vana makumi masere, wechitatu wevaWilliam.
MuStratford, Diki William Shakespeare akawana dzidzo yakanaka panguva iyoyo. Semwana, akapinda chikoro chegirama, kwaifunda chiLatin nechiGiriki chekare. Kuti uwane zvakadzama uye zvizere kukura kwemitauro yekare, vadzidzi vaiita zvigadzirwa zvechikoro zvemitambo muLatin.
Sekureva kweimwe data, kuwedzera kune ino institution, William Shakespeare Chikoro cheRoyal, yaive zvakare muguta rake rekuzvarwa. Ikoko akawana mukana wekuzviziva iye nemabasa enhetembo ekare eRoma.
Hupenyu Hwako
Pana 18, Woudhi William aive nemuchina nemwanasikana ane makore makumi matatu nematatu eAnkari muvakidzani weAnn, ivo vakaroora munguva pfupi. Chikonzero chekukurumidza kuroora ndiko kuroora kwaive nhumbu yemusikana. Mumazuva iwayo, madoro muEngland akaonekwa seakajairwa, muchato wacho waiwanzoita mushure mekubereka dangwe. Iyo chete mamiriro ekubatana kwakadaro aive muchato wekumanikidzwa pamberi pekuzvarwa kwemwana. Rini muna 1583, vaviri vechidiki vakazvarwa mwanasikana waSusan, William akafara. Hupenyu hwake hwese, ainyanya kushamwaridzana naye, kunyangwe mushure mekuzvarwa mumakore maviri, mwanakomana waHemnaa uye mwanasikana wechipiri Judith.
Pakanga pasisina vamwe vana mumhuri yetemberi, kunyanya nekuda kwechipiri kutapira kwekubereka kwemukadzi wake Ann. Muna 1596, chet anobaya achapona dambudziko romunhu: Munguva yedenda rechikafu, mugari wenhaka wavo chete uchafa. Pashure pekutama kwaWilliam kuenda kuLondon, mhuri yake yakaramba iri mutaundi rake rekuzvarwa. Zvisingawanzo, asi william anogara achishanyira hama dzake.
Nezvehupenyu hwake muLondon vanyori venhau vanovaka akawanda riddles. Zvinogoneka kuti mutambi airarama aigara ega. Vamwe vaongorori vezviyo zveBiography of the Pheet hunhu kwaari, kusanganisira nevarume pasi. Asi ruzivo urwu runoramba rwunoshandiswa.
Anotishamisa makore manomwe
William Shakespeare mumwe wevanyori vashoma, nezve izvo ruzivo rwakaunganidzwa mune zviyo. Kune vashoma kwazvo chiratidzo chehupenyu hwake. Chaizvoizvo, ruzivo rwese nezveWilliam Shakespeare zvakabviswa kubva kune vechipiri zvinyorwa, zvakadai sezvirevo zvevaridzi vezvinyorwa kana zvinyorwa zvekutonga. Naizvozvo, anenge makore manomwe mushure mekuzvarwa kwemapatya ake uye nekutaura kwekutanga kwebasa rake muLondon, vaongorori vari kuvaka riddles.
Shakespeare inofungidzirwa sevhisi ine muridzi wemuridzi wemudzidzisi semudzidzisi, uye shanda muLondon Theaters naSucler, chiitiko chekushanda uye kunyange bhiza bhiza. Asi ruzivo rwakavimbika rwechokwadi nezvenguva ino yehupenyu hapana mudetembi.
London nguva
Muna 1592, thinda inoonekwa mumuchina wepaze reChirungu Robert Green nezve basa reWilliam Dedaam. Uku ndiko kutaurwa kwekutanga kweShakespeare semunyori. Iye aristocrat muPamphlet wake akaedza kuseka zvakanyanya zvekuramba, sezvaakawona mukwikwidzi akasimba maari, asi izvo, zvisina kusiyaniswa nedzidzo yakanaka uye dzidzo yakanaka. Panguva imwecheteyo, inotaurwa nezve zvibodzwa zvekutanga zvemutambo weShakespeare "Heinrich VI" muLondon Rosa theatre.
Iri basa rakanyorwa mumweya weiyo yakakurumbira Chirungu enzeri yeMakronike. Rudzi urwu rwepfungwa rwakagoverwa mumutsara weEngland muEngland, aipfeka humbowo hwenyaya, zviitiko uye pendi kazhinji hazvina hukama nemumwe. Makadhinari akadanwa kuti aitire hurumo hweEngland mukutambudzika kwekunyepedzera uye nehondo dzepindante.
Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti William anobva 1594 anopinda munharaunda huru yekuita "Vashandi vaIshe-kamuri" uye anova munguva pfupi, "munguva pfupi iri kuuya yake. Zvigadzirwa zvakaunza kubudirira kukuru, uye troupe munguva pfupi yakapfuma kwazvo, iyo yaiibvumira kuvaka iyo yakakurumbira globus theatre kuvaka pamusoro pemakore mashanu anotevera. Uye pakazosvika makore zana nemakumi mairi, vaatri vaizvidyawo uye zvivakwa zvakavharika, izvo zvaidaidzwa kuti "vatema".
Munzira dzakawanda, budiriro yakafarirwa nekufarirwa kwevatongi veEngland: Elizabeth I naiye heir Yakov i, uyo ane mutambi wetemberi akawana mvumo yekushandurwa kwechinguvana. Kubva muna 1603, troupe yakanzi "muranda wamambo". Shakespeare haana kungoita zvekunyora mitambo, akawanawo chikamu mukugadzirwa kwemabasa ake. Kunyanya, ruzivo runochengetedzwa kuti William akaridza mabasa makuru mumitambo yake yese.
Nyika
Maererano nehumwe humbowo, kunyanya, nezve zvinotengwa neChirungu William Shakes, akawana zvakakwana uye akabudirira mune zvemari. Iyo playwright inofungidzirwa kurovedza muviri nemurute.
Kutenda kune yayo yekuchengetedza muna 1597, William aigona kutenga kutenga kwakapusa mu stratford. Mukuwedzera, Shakespeare mushure mekufa kwakavigwa pakarepo muatari yekereke yeUtatu Tsvene Utatu Guta reNyika. Kukudzwa kwakadaro hakuna kupihwa iye kuti kusakanganisika, asi nekuda kwekuti iye akabhadhara mari yekuvigwa kwake kuti avike pakuvigwa kwake.
Nguva dzekusika
Great Tyageright yakagadzira chikwama chisingafi chinotyisa tsika dzepasirese kweanopfuura mazana mashanu emakore mumutsara. Zvirongwa zveMitambo yake zvakave nekurudzira kwete chete kune varidzi chete vemitambo yemitambo, asiwo kune vano nyora, pamwe nezvirongwa zvefirimu. Kune ese ehupenyu hwake hwese, Shakespeare akadzivirira zvakachinja maitiro ekunyora mabasa ake.
Nzvimbo dzekutanga dziri muchimiro chadzo dzaiwanzoteedzera marongero akakurumbira uye mapaundi, akadai saMakristu, ekutamba kweshongwe ")," THOTROR "(" THONGIDON "(" Titoronicon "). Aya aive bulky anoshanda nehuwandu hukuru hwemagamba uye zvisiri izvo kune mafungiro ne syllable. Pamhando dzezvemafhando dzemhando dzechidiki Shakespeare yakanzwisisa Aza yekunyora mutambo.
Hafu yechipiri yezana ramakore reCentury yakaiswa chiratidzo chekuonekwa kwekunyanya kuiswa muchimiro uye zvemukati zvezvinyorwa zvemitambo. Mudetembi ari kutsvaga fomu nyowani isina kubva kubva kune yakatarwa chimiro cheiyo renissance comedy uye dambudziko. Iyo inozadza mafomu ekare akasarudzika ane zvinyorwa zvitsva. Saka dambudziko re "romeo najuliet" rinoonekwa pachiedza, "vashoma" kurara muzhizha husiku "," Venetian mutengesi ". Kutsva kwendima iri muchinyorwa chitsva dzeShakespeare inosanganiswa nehurongwa husina kujairika uye hunorangarirwa, hunoita kuti mitambo iyi yakakurumbira pakati peveruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji kubva kuruzhinji.
Panguva imwecheteyo, Shakespeare inogadzira kutenderera kweShnet, anozivikanwa panguva yerumende yerudo rwemitauro yerudo. Anenge mazana maviri emakore, aya magungano aTenzi akakanganikwa, asi nekubuda kwerudo, vakawana zvakare kukudzwa. Muchiitiko cheXix, fashoni yakaonekwa pakutora mitsetse isingafi yakanyorwa mumhedzisiro yerudzi rwechiRungu Giriki.
Nhetembo dzerudo ndedzerudo kune jaya risingazivikanwe, uye chete makumi maviri neshanu makumi maviri emakumi maviri emakumi maviri nemakumi mashanu emakore makumi maviri nemashanu ekukumbira kuna mukadzi ane bvudzi dema. Vazhinji vatsvagiri vanoona mune ino kutenderera kwezvinhu, vachifungidzira kusanzwisisika kwekutarisa kwekutamba. Asi vamwe vanyori venhoroondo vanofarira kufunga kuti mumakwikwi aya, William Shakespeare's Partron uye kushamwari yake Southampton kuverenga muchimiro chemagariro emagariro akashandiswa.
Pakutendeuka kwemazana emakore mumabasa aWilliam Shakespeare, anoshanda akaita zita rake rekusafa munhoroondo yemabhuku epasi rose uye mutoro wezvemitambo. Sezvineiwo, zvakabudirira zvekugadzira uye zvemari kutamba zvinogadzira njodzi dzinoverengeka dzakamuunzira mukurumbira kwete muEngland chete. Izvi ndizvo "Hamlet", Macbeth, "King legure", "Othello". Aya mabasa akasimudza mukurumbira weiyo globus theatre kune iyo yakakwirira yeimwe yeiyo yakanyanya kushanyira varaidzo institution muLondon. Panguva imwecheteyo, mamiriro evaridzi vake, kusanganisira Shakespeare, akaramba achiwedzera munguva pfupi.
Pakuvira kwezuva basa rake, Shakespeare inosanganisira nhamba yehuwandu hwekusafa hwakashamisa vanhu vakadzidza nemufananidzo wavo mutsva. Mazviri, dambudziko rakabatanidzwa pamwe nevematongerwo enyika, uye mapuranga akanaka kwazvo akakomberedzwa mune tsananguro yeCanvas yemamiriro ezvinhu kubva kuhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Chekutanga pane zvese izvi zvinotamba "dutu", iyo "nguva yechando Fale", pamwe nemitambo munhau dzekare - "Anthony uye Cleopatra". Mumabasa aya, Shakespeare akaita se connoisseur yemitemo yemutambo, iyo inounganidza zviri nyore uye nenyasha kuunganidza njodzi uye magetsi etsika dzakasimba, dzakaomarara syllables uye zvinonzwisisika kutaura kwekutaura.
Nezviparadzi, mamwe mabasa anoshamisa eShakespeare akabudiswa muhupenyu hwake. Asi zviyero zvizere zvemabasa, mazviri idzo dzese canonical play yechitoro chechitima chakaonekwa, chakaonekwa muna 1623. Unganidzo yakadhindwa pane yekutanga kweshamwari dzaShakespeare Dhijnh John Hement uye Henry Kendese, akashanda mugasi neGlobus Trouppe. Bhuku, raisanganisira makumi matatu nematanhatu emunyori weChirungu, akaona mwenje unonzi "wekutanga folio".
Munguva yezana reXVIAN, mamwe mazana matatu folios akaburitswa, izvo zvakabuda nekuchinja uye nekuwedzera kwemitambo yaimboita zvisina basa.
Rufu
Kubva pamakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwako, William Shakespeare akarwara zvakanyanya, humbowo hwekunyora kwake kunyora, mamwe emitambo yekupedzisira aakasika mukubatana nemumwe mutambi wechiitiko, ainzi John anobhururuka.
Pashure pegumi nematanhatu, Shakespeare pakupedzisira anosiya kuLondon, asi haakoregi zvimwe zvinhu. Achine nguva yekutora chikamu pakutongwa kweshamwari yake seuchapupu hwekudzivirira, uye zvakare anowana imwe nzvimbo mune yaimbova blackfrianc par. Kwenguva yakati, William Shakespeare muvepo wemuMwanakomana wake waJohani Imba.
Kwemakore matatu kufa kwaWilliam Shakespeare kunonyora kuda kwake, mune zvese zvakadinha midziyo yose yemwanasikana wake mukuru. Vanyori vechiRungu vakafa pakupera kwaApril 1616 mumba make. Mukadzi wake Ann akapona murume wake kwemakore manomwe.
Mumhuri yomuduku, mwanasikana weSusan Susan, panguva ino muzukuru weGeniya Erizabheti akange aberekwa, asi akafa asina mwana. Mumhuri mwanasikana wedangwe paShakespeare Judith mwedzi miviri mushure mekufa kwababa vake kuna Thomas Quini, pakanga paine vakomana vatatu, asi vese vakafa muhuduku hwake. Naizvozvo, vazukuru vakaudza Shakespeare kuruboshwe kuruboshwe.
Chokwadi chinonakidza
- Hapana anoziva zuva chairo rekuonekwa kwaWilliam Shakespeare. Muzvakaitika kare, kune chinyorwa cheChechi nezve rubhabhatidzo rwemucheche, izvo zvanga zviripo musi waApril 26, 1564. Vanotsvagurudza vanoratidza kuti rite rakaitwa pazuva rechitatu mushure mekuzvarwa. Saizvozvo, nzira inoshamisa iyo zuva rekuzvarwa uye kufa kweiyo nguva yekutamba yakawira pane iyo nhamba yakafanana - Kubvumbi 23.
- Mudetembi mukuru weChirungu mukuru ane ndangariro dzinoshamisa, zivo yake inogona kufananidzwa ne encyclopedic. Kuwedzera kune muridzi wemitauro miviri yekare, aizivawo mitauro yemazuva ano yeFrance, Italy neSpain, kunyangwe iye pachake akasasiya miganhu yeiyo Chirungu nyika. Shakespeare disassrod ese mune zvinhu zvakaonda nhoroondo uye mumamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwo enyika. Kuziva kwake kwakakanganiswa nemumhanzi uye kupenda, akanyatsodzidza iyo yakazara boty.
- Vanyori venhoroondo vazhinji vanowanzo funga nezveimwe nzira yekugara yedetembi, vachireva chokwadi chekugara kwakasiyana kwemhuri, pamwe neushamwari hwake hwakareba nehasha dzekupfeka zvipfeko zvevakadzi uye shandisa a huwandu hwakakura hwekupenda pachiso chake. Asi hapana humbowo hwakananga kune izvi.
- Chitendero chePurotesitendi cheShakespeare nemhuri yake vanoramba vachiramba kusava nechokwadi. Kune humbowo zvisina kunanga nezvekuva nababa vake pana Katurike. Asi panguva yehutongi hwaErizabheti ini ndakarambidzwa kuva muKaturike akavhurika, vanhu vazhinji vevateveri vebazi iri vakangofukidza vanochinja uye vakashanyira basa reKatorike rekunamata muchivande.
- Iwo chete munyori wemunyori akauya kuzosvika zuva razvino testamende yake. Mariri, anonyora pfuma yake yese kusvika padiki diki, asi haambonzwisisi kunyora kwake kunyora.
- Zveupenyu, zvinonyadzisira, Shakespeare akachinja anenge mabundu gumi. Aive murindi pamatare emitambo yemitambo, mutambi, co-muvambi wemitambo yemitambo uye nemutungamiriri wezviitwa. Mukufanana nezviitiko zvekuita, William akatenda mazororo, uye pakupera kwehupenyu hwake aive akabatikana nekupihwa dzimba.
- Vanyori venhaueri vemazuva ano vanotsigira vhezheni yemunyori asingazivikanwe, uyo akaita Shakespeare nechiso chake chakasimudzwa. Kunyangwe iyo British Encyclopedia haina kuramba iyo vhezheni iyo Shakespeare inogona kugadzira iyo inotamba pasi pePseudonym, kuverenga Edward de ver. Zvizhinji pane dzinoverengeka yekufungidzira kuti inogona kuve ishe Francis bacon, mambokadzi elizabeth i uye kunyange boka revanhu vese vevanhu vaAristocratic.
- Syllable yethezheni yeShakespeare yaive nesimba rakakura pakuvandudzwa kwechiRungu, pamwe neiyo yegirama yemazuva ano, pamwe nekuratidza kutaura kweBritish nemitsara mitsva, iyo mitsara yemabasa eiyo yakashandiswa. Shakespeare akasara muenhaka yekuumbiridza anopfuura 1,700 matsva mazwi.
Akakurumbira Quotes Shakespeare
Mazwi akakurumbira ezvinyorwa kazhinji ane pfungwa dzehunyanzvi dzinoburitswa chaizvo uye dzakapfugama. Hukuru hwecherechedzo hwakanaka hwakatsaurwa kune rudo nzvimbo. Heano mamwe acho:
"Zvivi zvevamwe Vanotonga Iwe Wakaomesesa - Kutanga NeVedu uye Usasvika Kune Vamwe." Zita? Rosa anonhuwirira rusununguko, kunyange ruva rinomuti, kunyangwe pasina ";" Rudo runomhanya kubva kune vanomudzingira, asi avo vari kutiza, vanokanda mitsipa. "