Biography
Anton Pavlovich cheklovich chekisimusi mabhuku epasi, munyori, mutambi, chiremba nedzidzo, mudzidzi wezvedzidzo yakasimudzirwa yesainzi.
Anton Chekhov akaberekerwa muTaganrog muna Ndira 1860. Baba vake vaive gotera diki iyo yaichengetedza bhenji rezvikwereti. Anton aive nehama ina uye hanzvadzi mbiri, mumwe wavo akafa achiri mudiki. MOM Chikhov aive mwanasikana waterchant, mukadzi akanyarara anogara mune zvinofarirwa nemhuri.
Anton Chekhov akadzidza muTaganrog Gymnasium, apo baba vake vakapukunyuka kubva kune vakweretesi kuenda kuMoscow. Munyori wenguva yemberi akaramba ari mutaundi rake kuti apedze kudzidza. Aigara pamwe chete nevaridzi vatsva vemusha wake kumba, vachibhadhara mari yake mariri nekudzidzisa.
Chekhovi akaumba maonero avo epasi, akagadzira rudo rwemabhuku nemitambo yemitambo, paakanga ari wekurovedza muviri. Mumakore iwayo, Anton Pavlovich akati wandei nyaya dzekutanga dzinonakidza. Kubva pamakore gumi nematatu akashora iyoatre uye akatotora chikamu mukuumbwa kwemabasa epamba ekuratidzira kwake kweGymnasium comrades.
Zvisikwa
Basa rekutanga rakadhindwa reAnton Pavlovich rakaoneka muna 1880 muJurnal "dhiragoni". Kubva panguva iyoyo, Chekhovi vaigara vachibatana nemagazini "alarm '," Vanotungamira "," Mireskoy "," Chiedza nemimvuri ". Muchinyorwa chenguva ye "zvidimbu" chakatanga kudhindwa nevazhinji vane hutsinye chekiiv nyaya nyaya. Muna 1883, mumagazini iri pamusoro, iro basa "rakakora uye rakabudiswa, muna 1884 -" Chameleon ", uye muna 1885 -" Pereapu ".
Muna 1886, nyaya yeKisimusi "Vanka" yakabudiswa mumapepanhau ekupedzisira "Petersburg". Munyori akasaina mabasa ake ekutanga nePseudonym "antosha chekhonte".
Muna 1886, Anton Pavlovich akagamuchira tsamba kubva kuSt. Petersburg nechirongwa chebasa. Akakokwa nepepanhau "nguva itsva". Pakati peino nguva yenguva, munyori akagadzira kuunganidza "nyaya dzinotaurwa" uye "kutaura zvisina mhosva". Mabasa ake akange akanzwa, uye Czech akatanga kuisurasa muzita riripo.
Iyo yekutanga yemitambo yekutanga yeAnton Pavlovich "Ivanov" yakaitwa muna 1887 muMoscow. Nyaya yeiyo novice yekutamba yaiswa munzvimbo yeimba yaKora. Kuita kweveruzhinji kwakasiyana-siyana, asi chirevo chakabudirira. Mune ramangwana, kutamba kwacho kwakaiswa muSt. Petersburg, mune fomu rakapedzerwa zvishoma. Muna 1888, Anton Pavlovich Mubairo wePushkin weunganidzwa wenyaya "paDusk".
Zhizha 1888 uye 1889 CHEKHOV inopedzerwa muKarkiv Province padyo neSumy. Kufa kweimwe yehama kwakamanikidza munyori kuti apukunyuke munzvimbo dzaigara nehama. Anton Pavlovich ari kuenda kuEurope, asi mhedziso dzakamukanda muOdessa, uko mutambi mudiki akaiswa. Munyori akafarira mumwe wechidiki wechidiki, asi kunzwira tsitsi kunokurumidza kuiswa. Kunzwa kurwiswa kwekusakendenga, Chekhovi akaenda kuYalta.
Pakazosvika 1889, munyori akanyorwa kune nyaya "Mutambo wekuvhima", "steppe", "mwenje" uye "nhoroondo inofinha". Izvo zvinyorwa zvemabasa aya eCzechs akaunganidzwa pakufamba. Kufarira kushanya kune zvigaro zvakasiyana zvakaonekwa nemunyori mukupera makumi masere ekupedzisira, paakange akarega kushandira pamwe neechekuseka magorongo.
Kuda kwekufamba kwakakurudzira chekhov kuti kuenda kuSakhalin muna 1890. Nzira yekuenda kuchitsuwa ichienda kuSiberia, uko munyori inzvimbo yemari yemitambo yemangwana remangwana. Kufunga nezve mamiriro ehutano rekati karotechny murwere, rwendo rwacho rwaisava nyore kwaari. Kubva parwendo rweChkhovi vakaunza muunganidzwa wezvinyorwa "muSiberia" uye bhuku "Sakhalin Island".
Vateveri vazhinji vekwaCzech veCzech kubva kumabasa ake ese anonyanya kuyeukwa nenyaya yekuti "Chamber Nal Nhamba 6". Kekutanga, akaburitswa mumagazini "pfungwa yeRussia" muna 1892. Izita renyaya raive chinhu chine musoro, vanomiririra chimwe chinhu chisina kujairika kana kupenga. Mazhinji mazwi kubva mubhuku iri akaenda kunotora mazwi.
Muna 1892, munyori akaita kurota kwake kwakamira kwenguva refu uye akatenga nhaka kuMelikov. Ikoko akatakurira vabereki nehanzvadzi Maria, akazova mutariri akatendeka wehama yake. Mushure mekuwanikwa kwenzvimbo, chekhovi yakashandurwa. Akave nemukana wekurapa, mushure mezvose, kuwedzera kune mabhuku, Anton Pavlovich imwe yaive neimwe shungu - kuvhiyiwa.
MuMelikhovsky nguva yeChkhovi yeChiremba, yakavakirwa zvikoro zvakati, nzvimbo yemidziyo yevarimi, iyo bhero shongwe. Munyori akatarisira nzira yekuisa pamutoro uye kutaridzika kuchiteshi chechitima chehofisi yepositi. Uyezve, maCzechs akatonga masango ecell emvura, oaks, larchs uye akasvika anopfuura miti yechiuru chemiti. Munguva ino, Anton Pavlovich akavhura zvakare raibhurari yeruzhinji muTaganrog.
Mabasa mazhinji anozivikanwa eChkhov aive akanyorwa muzvivakwa. Zvidimbu "Craika" uye "sekuru Vanya" kubva kuMelikovo. Kuwedzera kweTberculosis kwakamanikidza munyori kazhinji kusiya nzvimbo, kusiya zasi. Munguva yechando ya 1898, iyo playwrigy yakashandiswa zvakanaka, uye ndapedza kubva kuFrance, ndakatenga nyika muYalta. Muzhizha ra1999, Chekhovi yakatengesa estate uye pakupedzisira yakatamira kuCrimea.
Munguva ino yehupenyu hwake, Anton Pavlovich akasangana nemukadzi ramangwana. Chikunguru 1900 Olga Booker Inoshandiswa kuCottage muKekhovov, iyo yakatsunga nzira yehukama hwavo. Muna 1900, mutambi akasika "hanzvadzi nhatu" dzinotamba mawaini vake vachitamba zvakanaka. Kubudirira kweOlga Knipper sekuita kweiyo mutambi wepamusoro webasa revanhu muKekhov's mitambo yakadzokororwa uye panguva yekugadzirwa kweiyo "gadheni remaketuru" muna 1903.
Muna 1904, mutambi akafa. Chikamu che "Cherry Bindu" chave basa rekupedzisira reRussia Classic.
Zviitwa nemafirimu
Soviet Director Sergey Yutkevich yakatora firimu nezvekugadzira mutambo "seagull". Iyo tepi yakagamuchira zita rekuti "zano renhare diki."Robert Long uye Dmitry Frenkel, achishandisa chokwadi kubva kuBiography yemunyori, muna1991 akaisa muNetherlands musical performance "chekhovov".
Biographical Drama "kanganwira, Dr. Chikhov!" Hupenyu hwechiridzo hwakabviswa pane chikumbiro chehurumende yeMoscow muna 2007.
Muna 2012, firimu rakasunungurwa, achitaura nezve Anton Pavlovich neLydia Avilova hukama hwehukama hwaAvilova. Mumufananidzo wakadanwa "Fans", Famer Russian Vagadziri Oleg Tabakov uye Kirill Piragi ane nyeredzi.
Muna 2015, Director Director Renee Ferr pane zvake Scenario akapfura Anton Chkhov 1890 tepi. Basa reRussian playwright vakaita wechidiki vaNicolas Zhiro. Urongwa hwefirimu hwakavakirwa kutenderera hupenyu hwemunyori kubva muna 1885 kusvika 1890.
Hupenyu Hwako
Hupenyu hwepedyo hwemunyori hunodzokororwa nenyaya dzerudo. Hukama hwaChkhov nezvido zvake zvakatarwa makore. Zvinyorwa zvemunyori hazvina kuitika neimwe neimwe nzira. Vakadzi vake vaiwanzoziva nezveumwe neumwe, asi havana kukurumidza kuputsa kubatana naiye mudiwa.
Muna 1888, munyori akatanga kufarira Ridhiya Mysina. Musikana ane makore gumi nemapfumbamwe aive musikana weSista chekhov. Lick Mizinov Chaizvoizvo aida kuve mukadzi wemunyori, uye aida kuve akasununguka uye akazvimiririra. Somurume / musikana uyu haana kufarira iye. Izvo hazvina kudzivirira Chekhovi kwemakore gumi ekupa tariro yerunako. Akamunakidzwa nenharaunda, asi akadzivisa hurukuro nezveuchato uye nehupfumi hwero.
Makore ekutanga ekukurukurirana nechiso cheKekhov anosekwa makororo muHupo hwaKe, achinyima mikana ingangoita kuti iwane nzvimbo yemukadzi mudiki. Gare gare, Anton Pavlovich Aiunura njere murudo neverudo ignatius pot.totenko.
Mizinova akapinda mukubatana neanowana fan, ave nepamuviri uye akazvara mwanasikana. Mwana akafa mumakore ekutanga ehupenyu. Czechs akashandisa izvi chokwadi uye akaita mysine iyo prototype yeNina Zarechny kubva ku "seagull". Mushure memitambo yakaoma uye yakatsanangurwa neChkhovi nePottapenko, chiso chakawana nyaradzo muwanano. Muna 1902, akaroora Theater Director Alexander Sanina.
Mumakore makumi masere ezana regumi nemapfumbamwe, Anton Pavlovich akazoziva Elena Shavarov. Musikana ane gumi nemashanu ane makore gumi nemashanu akauya nemanyoro aCekhovo enyaya yake uye akadanana nemunyori asina ndangariro. Musikana uyu akanzwisisa kuti kwaive nemikana madiki ekudzorera, uye makore mashanu mushure memusangano wavo waroora.
Muna 1897, akabva achishanyira hama kuMoscow. Vakasangana naKekhov, uye bhuku racho rakaitika pakati pavo. Vanoda vakapukunyuka kuCrimea. MuYalta, ivo vakapedza nguva pamwechete, asi vakarambana. Chkov akanyora EEE EELEN mavara gumi nemaviri, kupfuura chero munhu womudiwa wake. Anton Pavlovich akaraira mufananidzo weShavarov mune nyaya "mukadzi aine imbwa".
Muna 1898, pane zvimedu zvezvimedu "Chika" chakasangana neyakajairwa yake yekare nino kory. Aive murudo neChkhovi kubva pamakore gumi nemaviri uye haana kupotsa mukana wekuedza kuperetera kwake kumunyori. Anton Pavlovich akatakurwa. Mhedzisiro yechido ichi yaive nhumbu yeNina. Zvinotendwa kuti munyori haana vazukuru vakananga, asi muna 1900 aive nemwanasikana waTatyana. Chekhov aisaziva nezve mamiriro ano, sezvaakapa basa rekusiya basa nekuda kwenyanzvi neOlga knipper. Korsh haana kuudza munyori nezve nhumbu. Mushure mekuzvarwa, mwanasikana waNina nevabereki vake vakasiya Paris. Tatyana Antonovna akave chiremba, achienda kuma tsoka dzaBaba.
Book Bhuku reOlga rakazova iye mukadzi uyo aikwanisa kugonesa Chekhovo kuti amuroore. Vakasangana muna 1898 pane imwe yedzidzo yemutambo "seagull". Olga aive mukadzi akanaka uye akanaka, actress. Muna 1901, vadikani vakaroora. Pakanga pasina vana vanobva vaviri. Bhuku raive nepamuviri, asi mugari wenhaka haana kuberekwa.
Tsamba dzinobva kuchirongwa cheChkov Siya kusiya kaviri kufungidzira kwebudiriro yehukama hwake nebhuku. Olga haana kusiya chiitiko ichi, uye maCzech anenge achigara achigara muYalta, achitamba kurwiswa kwetemberi. Nyaya yerudo yemunyori nemudzimai wake vakatanga nemanzwiro emanzwiro uye nezvirongwa zvakanaka, asi chakatanga kuita tsumo dzepisangano nemisangano isingawanzo.
Shamwari Chekhov akatenda kuti kana munyori asina kuroora Olga, angadai akararama hupenyu hwakareba uye hunofadza. Iyi nyaya, nyaya iyi yakazoitika kuti isingaitike sezvingadaro. Mumazuva ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwekutyaira, mukadzi aive pedyo naye, uye kwete kushanya.
Chirwere uye Rufu
Chkov airwara ne tuberculosis. Nguva yekutanga yaakawana zviratidzo zvevatengi makore makumi maviri nemana. Malaise yake kubva 1885 yakawedzera pachena, tembiricha yaive inoperekedzwa nekukosirwa kweropa, sezvinoonekwa nekunyeuka kwemunyori wemunyori. Mujaya hwake, Anton Pavlovich haana kurapwa kubva ku tuberculosis. Zvaiita kunge iye kuti zviratidzo ndezvekutanga kurwara.
Gare gare, munyori akazvivanza hutano hwake hwakaipa kubva kuvadiwa uye vanhu vekuzvarwa. Haana kuda kuvhiringidza hanzvadzi yake naamai vake. Pakazosvika 1897, kutamba kwacho kwaive kwatove kurwara zvakanyanya, aigara achiva nekubuda ropa kubva pamapapu ekurudyi. Ichi chokwadi chakamuita kuti atore ongororo pasi pekutarisirwa kwe purofesa Ostrumv.
Kuti adzidze zviratidzo zvechirwere cheKekhov, akaradzika muchipatara. Vanachiremba vakaona, kurapwa kwakarairwa. Pangangosvika munyori ave nani, akatanga kukumbira kumba. Chkovhavo aida chaizvo kuenderera mberi nekuita kwake zvekuverenga. Muna 1898, kurwiswa kwehombe yeropa kwakatanga kutambanudza kubva kuChkhovi kwemazuva akati wandei. Akavanza chokwadi kubva kuhama dzake.
Kunzwa kunorwadza kwakave hupenyu hwakawedzera hweChkhov, munyori akapa magamba ake. Uku kuendesa kunonyanya kuoneka pabasa renyaya yemunhu asingazivikanwe.
Munyori akashongedzwa kushanya kwakasiyana siyana, nzira iyo dzimwe nguva yaikuremerwa kune munhu anorwara. Gara muYalta yakawedzera hupenyu kumunyori kusvika iye akaroora. Ivan Bunin akatenda kuti mukadzi womurume uya akaiswa pasi pehutano hwaAnton Pavlovich wehutano hwaAnton pamwe chete nahwo hunogara. Haana kuwirirana nehanzvadzi inodikanwa yeMunyori Maria, achiwedzera mumwe wake zvikonzero zvekufara. Nguva pfupi yekufa kwaChkhovi nemudzimai wake vakaenda kunzvimbo yekutandarira muSouth Germany.
Muzhizha ra1904, munyori akafa muBadenvaler. Chikonzero chekufa kwaKokhovi - Tuberculosis. Izvo zvese zvakatanga nechokwadi chekuti mutambi anonzwa kushomeka kupfuura zvenguva dzose. Mubhedha wake paive nachiremba, Chikhovo atoudza kuti anofa. Akamubvunza kuti adzorere champagne, akanwa girazi ndokufa.
Chokwadi chinonakidza
- Muhudiki, Chekhov akadanwa "bhomba", nekuti aive nemusoro mukuru. Aigara pamwe nehama, akaimba chour chour, akatungamira baba vake.
- Munyori haana kugara achiratidza mabasa ake ezita rekupedzisira iri. Anopfuura gumi nemaviri mapopeni pseaudha Anton Pavlovich Pavlovich anozivikanwa nekunyora zvinyorwa.
- Munyori aida imbwa. Akabata maviri dachserunds. Iyo Playwright inonzi Khaina MAarkovna naBromine Iwaevich murukudzo wemishonga yakakurumbira. Munyori akachengetawo mumba memangoste.
- Iyo playwright yaive neushamwari naPeter tchaikovsky, maxar gorky, Isaac Revhi, Ivan Bunin, uye Shumba tolstoy akatumidza chifananidzo chake.
- Anton Pavlovich yakareba kupfuura 180 centimeter. Charm yake inokwezva nhamba yakakura yevakadzi. Shamwari dzechiremba kutamba mune jeke dzakavadana "antonivkov".
- Bhokisi rine mutumbi wemukuru wemunyori rakaendeswa kuMoscow kubva kuGermany mumotokari ine chinyorwa "oysters". Chakanga chiri chikamu chega chezvinyorwa zvakashongedzwa nefiriji makabati.
- Mushure mekufa kwemunyori, mumwe wevanhu vaunoziva nezvezviitiko zvekuverenga mabhuku akapa memoirs "A. P. Chekhov muhupenyu hwangu. " Lydia avilova kuti zvishuwo zvakakomba zvakatoridzwa pakati pake nemunyori, kunyangwe humbowo hwekuremekedza kweiyi vhezheni haipo. Mutsamba dzake, Anton Pavlovich akaenda kuna "amai" vake kana 'zvakawanda ". Lydia Avilova akatsanangurira izvi kuchokwadi kuti akapisa mazhinji ematare emucheto neyekutamba.
- Vanyori venhoroondo vanokahadzika chokwadi chememodzi yake, vachitenda kuti munyori aida kukwezva kutarisisa nerubatsiro rwezita revashandi vane mukurumbira.