Boris Sarnak - Biography, Mufananidzo, Hupenyu Hwako, Nhetembo, Inoshanda, Rufu

Biography

Boris Leondidovich Partnak mumwe wevashoma vatenzi vemazwi akapa mubairo weNobel. Nhetembo yake uye neshanduro yakapinda muhomwe yegoridhe yemabhuku eRussia uye ekunze.

Boris pasterak akaberekwa muna Ndira 29, 1890 muMoscow mumhuri inehungwaru. Amai - pianist, basa raani rakatanga muOdessa, maigara mhuri isati yaberekerwa. Baba muimbi uye nhengo yedzidziso yehunyanzvi. Mamwe emapendi ake akawanikwa neatungamiriri anozivikanwa nekuda kweTreyakov Garari. Baba vaBoris vaive shamwari neLvom Nikolayevich tolstoy uye vanoita kuratidza mabhuku ake. Boris ndiye wedangwe, shure kwake, vamwe vana vatatu vakaonekwa mumhuri.

Kubva ndichiri mudiki, mudetembi akakomberedza mamiriro ekunze. Imba yevabereki yakavhurwa kune vanhu vanozivikanwa vakasiyana. Vaenzi vavanoda mairi vaive kusimba kweshumba, vanyori veShenabin neRakhmaninov, Arvaniv, Polenov, Nestererov, Ge, Revhitiko uye vamwe vanhu vane mukurumbira. Kukurukurirana navo hakuna kukwanisa kukanganisa nhetembo.

Chiremera chikuru chomukomana chaive munyori, pasi pesimba remunyori kwenguva yakareba ainhuvira mumhanzi ndokurota kuenda mumatsau mudzidzisi wake. Boris anodzidza zvakakwana, apedza iyo yekurovedza muviri nemenduru yegoridhe. Mune yakafanana inodzidza pakuchengetedza.

MuBiography weShiri, kwaizodzokororwa mamiriro ezvinhu apo aifanira kusarudza, uye iyi sarudzo yaiwanzo kuoma. Chisarudzo chekutanga chakadai ndechekuramba kwebasa remimhanzi. Mushure memakore, anotsanangura izvi mamiriro ezvinhu mukusavapo kwekunzwa zvachose. Zvinonzwisisika uye zvinoshanda, zvese zvaakaita, zvakaunza kukwana kwakakwana. Boris akaziva kuti, kunyangwe rudo rusingaperi rwemimhanzi, aisakwanisa kuzadzisa kukwirira kwake mumunda wemimhanzi.

Muna 1908, inova mudzidzi weJurfak Moscow University, gore rakazo shandurwa muDhipatimendi reHizivi. Maererano nezvidzidzo zvese, ane fungidziro dzakajeka, uye muna 1912 anopinda muYunivhesiti yeMargurg. MuGermany, pastern inofanotaura basa rakabudirira, asi zvisingatarisirwi zvachose anosarudza kuve mudetembi, uye kwete muzivi.

Matanho ekutanga mukugadzira

Muenzaniso wePeni Falls for 1910. Nhetembo rake rekutanga rakanyorwa pasi pehunhu hwerwendo nemhuri yake kuti venice uye kuramba kwemusikana anodiwa, waanopa. Mumwe wevanoshanda naye anonyora kuti muchimiro yaive nhetembo dzevana, asi mukureva zvine musoro. Mushure mekudzokera kuMoscow, inova bato kune zvinyorwa zvekunyora "mazwi" uye "Musage", kwaanoverenga nhetembo yake. Pakutanga, chifananidzo chake uye futurism yemuterembudzi zvinomunyengera, asi gare gare anosarudza nzira yakazvimiririra chero kushamwaridzana chero.

1913-1914 - Makore akazadzwa nezviitiko zvakawanda zvekugadzira. Nhetembo dzake dzinoverengeka dzakabudiswa, muunganidzwa wenhetembo "mapatya mumakore" akabuda. Asi mudetembi arikuzvida, anofunga zvisikwa zvake zvisina kukwana. Muna 1914, anosangana naChayovsky, uyo ane pesvedzero huru paSipof.

Muna 1916, pastern inogara mudunhu remhuri, mumusha weVesvolodo-Villva, kwaanokokwa nemaneja wemakemikari emabhorendi. Inoshanda muhofisi mubatsiri pane bhizinesi rekunyorerana uye iri kuita kutengeserana uye yemari kutaurira. Maererano nemafungiro akapatsanurwa, Yuurchatin kubva kune yakakurumbira Novel "Dr. Zhivago" ibrotype ye perm. Inoshanyira Berezniki soda chirimwa kuKame. Pasi pekufungidzira kwezvaakaona mutsamba kuna S. P. Bobrov anodana chirimwa uye akavaka pasi pemusha weEuropean "mudiki muindasitiri".

Zvisikwa

Kusika ndiyo inoshamisa maitiro. Kune vamwe, kuve chiedza uye chinofadza, kune vamwe - kushanda nesimba, zvinoda kuedza kukuru kuzadzisa chinangwa uye kuzadzisa kukwana. Boris yaive yeboka rechipiri revanhu. Kubva pamabasa akawanda, nyatso nyanza mitsara uye rhymes. Kuunganidza "hanzvadzi yangu ndihwo hupenyu", iyo yakabuda muna 1922, anofunga nezvayo yekutanga pabasa rake rekutanga.

Zvinonakidza, kunyangwe chokwadi chekuda kuziva chezvakapetwa yaive hukama hwake neSergey hongu, uyo aisada basa reSerimwenh. Pahwaro izvi, hukama hwavo hwakashandurwa kuve hwakavhurika hwekupokana. Kamwe kurwa kwakaitika pakati petema. Iko kune ndangariro dzinonakidza dzeKatheva, umo iye Jesu anoshevedza "korolevich", uye pastirana "Milat".

"Keroloveswa akabata mulutto akangwara emazamu neruoko rumwe, uye mumwe akaedza kuiisa munzeve yake, achiri mulat - pakufamba kweAraba uye pabhiza rake nechiso chechipfuva, mune jekete rinobhururuka Nemabhatani ezvitendero zvine hungwaru ngochani, akaiswa kudedera chibhakera muKorivichy mugetsi mutsvuku waaisakwanisa kubuditsa. "

Muma1920s kune akati wandei zviitiko: Kukudza kwevabereki kuGerman, kuroora kwaVaGgenia Lurie, kuberekwa kweMwanakomana, bhuku renhetembo nyowani uye nhetembo.

Soviet Chiremera

Mukutanga kwa1930s, pasernak nebasa rake rinoziva simba. Unganidzo dzenhetembo dzakanyoreredzwa gore rega rega, muna 1934 rinotaura aine hurukuro kuCongress yeMubatanidzwa wevanyori. Iyo inoonekwa sedetembi yakanakisa munyika yeSoviet. Muna 1935 inoenda kuParis kuenda kuInternational Congress yevanyori. Kuparara kwekutya kunoitika parwendo, munyori anogunun'una nezve kushaya hope uye kushungurudza nerves.

Mugore rimwe chetero, Sostakki Anomhanya Mwanakomana nemurume wake, Anna Akhmatova, vakasungwa, ndokuzoburitswa naSalin mushure metsamba dzake. Mukutenda munaDecember 1935, mudetembi anotumira Stalin sechipo bhuku nedudziro dzemazwi eGeorgian. Mutsamba iripo, anotenda nekuda kwe "kusanzwisisika kwehama Akhmatova."

Muna Ndira 1936, bhuku renhetembo rake vaviri, maari anofarira ini. V. Stalin. Pasinei nekuedza, simba revanhu harina kukanganwira pashure mukureverera kwake kwehama dzavo dzeAnkhmatova, pamwe nekudzivirira kweGumilyv naMandhelstam. Muna 1936 zvinobviswa kubva muupenyu hwekuverenga, kupomerwa kure nehupenyu uye nyika isingakanganwe.

Dudziro

SINGURak akagamuchira mukurumbira wake kwete sedetembi chete, asiwo saTenzi yekushandura nhetembo dzekunze. Mukupera kwema1930, kuwanda kwehutungamiriri hwenyika kuri kuchinja kuhunhu hwake, mabasa haafambi, uye hazviripo pasina mararamiro. Izvi zvinomanikidza mudetembi kuti utaure nedudziro. Kwavari, pasparkana inoreva kune iyo yekuzvikwanira artwork. Inokodzera kushanda nehanya yakakosha, kuyedza kuzviita zvakakwana.

Zvinotanga kushanda mududziro muna 1936, munyika muPedelkino. Paskana pasintak inofungidzirwa kuti yakaenzana kubva mumabasa makuru. Shanduko yakamutsa kwete chete mukana wekuve nemhuri mumamiriro ekutambudzwa, asiwo nenzira yekuzviita sedhoro. Shanduro dzaShakespeare dzinoitwa naBoris Passpak yakava yakasarudzika.

Hondo

Nekuda kwekukuvara kwemwana, hazvisi pasi pekutya. Akarasikirwa parutivi mudetembiwo aisakwanisa. Inopera makosi, inowana mamiriro emutungamiriri wemauto uye anoenda kumberi. Mushure mekudzoka, inogadzira kutenderera kwenhepfenyuro yemukati.

Mumakore epashure, zvinoshanda zvakawanda, zvibvumirano neshanduro, sezvo ivo vanongowanikwa chete. Nhetembo dzinonyora zvishoma - nguva yake yese inoshandisa shanduro uye kunyora bhuku idzva, inoshanda neshanduro ye "faut" goethe.

"Dr. Zhivago" uye huswa

Bhuku rinonzi "Dr. Zhivago" ndeimwe yemabasa akakosha emuperekedzi muProse, munzira dzakawanda inyaya yehupamhi, pamusoro papi pamakore gumi. Iyo prototype yehunhu hukuru hweNovel aive mukadzi wake Zinaida pastern (Niguzha). Mushure mekuonekwa kwaOlga Ivinskaya muhupenyu hwake, mimhanzi nyowani yedetembi, basa pabhuku rakawedzera nekukurumidza.

Rondedzero yehurumende inotanga kubva pakutanga kwezana ramakore uye inopera nehondo huru yeNyika. Iro zita rebhuku randakachinyora. Pakutanga akanzi "vakomana nevasikana", ipapo "kenduru yekupisa" uye "hapana rufu."

Kuti uwane chokwadi chechokwadi uye kutarisa kwake pane zviitiko zvemakore iwayo, munyori aive akakuvara zvine hutsinye, uye Dr. Zhivago haazivikanwe seutungamiri hwenyika. MuSoviet Union, bhuku racho harina kupurinda, asi rukudzo rwake rwaifarira kunze kwenyika. Rakabudiswa muItari muna 1957 Roman "Dr. Zhivago" vakagashira kufungidzira kwekuongorora vanofarira vaverengi uye vakava senyation chaiyo.

Muna 1958, mubairo weNobel unopihwa pasintar. NOLOL inoshandurwa mumitauro yenyika dzakasiyana uye inoshanda kune rugare, yakabudiswa kuGermany, Great Britain neHolland. Zviremera zveSoviet zvakaramba zvichiita kuti zviedze kubvisa manyorerwo uye kurambidza bhuku, asi zvakawedzera kufarirwa.

Kuzivikanwa kwetarenda remunyori nenharaunda yenyika kunova mufaro mukuru nekusuwa panguva imwe chete. Kukuvadza kwakawedzera kwete chete simba, asiwo vaaitirana. Misoro inowanikwa inoitwa kumafekitori, pamisangano, mukusika kubatana uye mune mamwe masangano. Mavara akaunganidzwa anokweverwa nezvinodiwa kuranga nhetembo.

Vakavigira kuutumira kubva kunyika, asi mudetembi haana kuzvifungidzira asina kumusha kwake. Anoratidza zviitiko zvake zvinoshungurudza munguva ino muNobel Prize nhetembo (1959), zvakare yakaburitswa kunze kwenyika. Mukurindira kwemushandirapamwe mikuru kubva mumurayidzo, akamanikidzwa kuramba, uye akapiwa mhosva nekuda kwekunyepedzera nevhesi. Boris Leonidovich inosanganisira iyo USSR Vanyori 'Union, asi anoramba ari mulfori, anoenderera mberi nekuburitsa uye kugashira mari.

Nhetembo

Mundima yenguva dzekutanga, pesvedzero yemifananidzo inoonekwa. Ivo vanoratidzwa nenziyo dzakaomarara, zvifananidzo zvisingamiremere uye kuenzanisa. Munguva yehondo, maitiro ake anochinja zvakanyanya - nhetembo iri kuva nyore, zvinonzwisisika uye zviri nyore kuverenga. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika zvechitunha chayo pfupi, sekuti "Kurume", "mhepo", "Hmel", "Hamlet". Iyo njere dzeSouthternk ndeyekuti kunyangwe nhetembo yake diki ine chirevo chakakosha.

Basa rakanyorwa muna 1956 ndere nguva yekufamba kwenguva paakagara uye akashanda munaPenyelkino. Kana yekutanga yenhetembo yake yaive yakanaka, saka gare gare munharaunda wekushamwaridzana unoonekwa mavari.

Musoro waunofarira wedetembi kubatana kwemunhu uye zvakasikwa. "Chikunguru" muenzaniso wemamiriro ezvinhu anoshamisa mazwi, umo iye anoyemura runako rweumwe wemwedzi yakanaka kwazvo yegore.

Mukupedzisira kwake, kuunganidza kwake kuchapinda munhetembo "chando chinoenda", chakanyorwa muna 1957. Iri basa rine zvikamu zviviri: Landscape sketching uye hutsinye kuratidzira pane zvinoreva hupenyu uye kuwanda kwaro. Iyo ine mapapiro ichave iyo Line "uye zana rakareba Rinoparara Zuva" kubva panhongoro "mazuva ake okutanga" (1959), iro rakapindawo kuunganidzwa kwekupedzisira.

Hupenyu Hwako

Boris Sarnak's Biography haigoni kukwana pasina kutsanangura hupenyu hwake. Mudetembi akaroora kaviri, kekuttanga - muhudiki hwake, kechipiri - mukukura. Rudo rwake rwechitatu rwaive.

Vakadzi vake vese vaive muses, vakapa mufaro uye vakafara naye. Kusika kwake, kufarira kwechisikigo, kunyura kuburikidza nemucheto kwemanzwiro aive chikonzero chekusawirirana muhukama hwevanhu. Haana kuburukira kuzotengesa, asi aisakwanisa kuve akatendeka mukadzi asina kuroora.

Mukadzi wake wekutanga Evgeny Lurie aive muimbi. Akasangana naye muna 1921 uye akavaratidza musangano wekufananidzira. Pakati peino nguva, pastern inopera basa iri pane iyo nyaya ye "chizvarwa cheLuverx", iyo heroine yeiyo yaive yemumbo yemufananidzo wechidiki wechidiki. Heroine yebasa racho rainzi zvakare EMARIA. Kunaka, hunyoro uye kusanzwisisika zvakaburitswa mariri nekufunga uye kuzvigutsa. Musikana anova mukadzi wake uye museum.

Kusangana naye mumweya wenhetembo kwakakonzera kusimudza kunoshamisa. Boris rakazofadzwa zvechokwadi, vakazvarwa mutungamiriri - mwanakomana weEugene. Kunzwa kwakasimba mumakore ekutanga emuchato kwakanyorwazve nematambudziko, asi nekufamba kwenguva hurombo uye kuomarara kwehupenyu hwevanhu makumi maviri kwakaratidza hutano hwemhuri. Eugene akatsvaga kuitwa sechiito, saka chikamu chemhuri chine chekuita neStanhatu chakatora nguva.

Hukama hwakatangira kana nhetembo dzinotanga kuenderana naMarina Tsvetaeva, achikonzera godo rinopfuta nemukadzi wake, iro mumanzwiro ekutsamwa anosiya kuenda kuGerman. Gare gare, acharamba kutengesa kugona kwavo uye kuzvitsaurira kuzviisa mumhuri. Asi panguva ino nhetembo inoratidzika mudiwa mutsva - Zinaida negauz. Iye anongova 32, atove makumi mana, murume wake nevana vaviri.

Nehigerus - iyo yakazara yakatarisana nemukadzi wekutanga. Iye isimbi yakanaka uye pasina zororo rinofemha kumhuri. Izvo hazvina kuve nekuchenesa midziyo mumukadzi wekutanga, asi akadanana naye pakutarisa. Kuroora uye vana vakasarudzwa mudetembo hakuna kumira, anoda kuva naye, zvinopesana nezvose. Pasinei nekuparadzaniswa, pastern aigara achibatsira kuti mhuri yake yaimbove nemhuri yake.

Muchato wechipiri waifarawo. Mukadzi akafunga akapa rugare uye mamiriro akasununguka ebasa. Mwanakomana wechipiri wedeteti - Leonid akaberekwa. Sezvinei nemukadzi wekutanga, mufaro wakagara makore anopfuura gumi. Ipapo murume wacho akatanga kunonoka muRedlo uye zvishoma nezvishoma achibva kumhuri. Kupesana nemhedzisiro yekutonhora hukama hwemhuri, muhofisi yedare reMagazini "Nyika Itsva", Anosangana neyunivhesiti itsva uye mupepeti weOlga ivinskaya magazini.

Boris haina kuda kusiya mukadzi wake, saka kudzokorora kuedza kuputsa hukama neOlga. Muna 1949, yekusangana nenhamba yemasosi, Ivinskaya inosungwa uye inotumirwa kwemakore mashanu kumisasa. Kwemakore ano, anobatsira mai nevana vake - anotora akananga uye anovimbisa nemari.

Miedzo inorema inokanganisa hutano hwake. Muna 1952, anozviwana muchipatara ane chirwere chemoyo. Mushure mekudzoka kubva kumisasa olga, pasernak ine munyori asina kukwana. Ivo havatauri kusvikira kumagumo ehupenyu hwake.

Rufu

Uswa hweuswa kubva parutivi rwevanoshanda navo uye neruzhinji rwakavhenekera hutano hwake. Muna Kubvumbi 1960, paskana neSarnak inovandudza kurwara kwakasimba. Yakanga iri oncology ine metastasis mudumbu. Muchipatara padyo nemubhedha wake, Zinaida ari pabasa.

Mukutanga, kuziva kuti huro rasingarapike, uye iwe unofanirwa kugadzirira rufu. Chivabvu 30, 1960 haana. Zinaida achasiya hupenyu mushure memakore matanhatu, chikonzero cherufu chakafanana neSipo.

Pamariro ake, kunyangwe asina kunaka masimba ezviremera, vanhu vazhinji vakauya. Pakati pavo pakanga paine Andrei Voznesensky, Bulat Orudzhava, Naum Korzorvin nevamwe. Guva rake rinowanikwa mumakuva kuPedelkino. Mhuri yese yakavigwa ipapo. Iye munyori wechifananidzo panzvimbo yeiyo nzvimbo yekuviga pasintar ndiyo sculptor Sarah Lebedev.

Inoshanda nemabhuku

• "Mapatya Mumakore"
• "Mwana WoMwana"
• "Zvitsauko zvitatu kubva munhau"
• "Kuchengetedzeka Kwekuchengetedza"
• "Airways"
• "Chechipiri Kuzvarwa"
• "VaGeorgia Lyrics"
• "Pane Zvitima Zvekutanga"
• "Kana Uchifamba"
• "Doctor Zhivago"
• "Nhetembo uye nhetembo: mu 2 T"
• "Ini handinyore nhetembo ..."
• "Mabasa Akasarudzwa"
• "Tsamba kuvabereki nehanzvadzi"
• "Enzanannton Boris Pasnak"
• "Pasi Script"