Biography
Fyodor Shalyapin - Russian opera uye mudzimba wedzimba. Panguva dzakasiyana, aive mulimori muMariinsky uye Bolshoi Theatre, pamwe neyeMetropolitan opera. Naizvozvo, iro basa renyeredzi rezvekushayiwa rinozivikanwa kwazvo uye kupfuura kumusha kwake.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Feor Ivanovich Shamlyapin akaberekerwa muKazan muna 1873. Vabereki vake vaishanyira varimi. Baba Vorvan Yakovlevich kubva mudunhu reVyatka, iye aiita zvisingaenzaniswi nebasa remutauriri - akashandira mavara mukutanga kweZemstvo. Uye Evdokia Mikhalovna aya aive mukadzi wepamba.
Semwana, chidimbu chidiki chakavanda zvakanaka, kuvonga kwaakatumirwa kuChechi choir, kwaakagamuchira zvekutanga kweruzivo rwemimhanzi mavara. Kuwedzera pakuimba mutembere, baba vake vakapa mukomana kudzidzisa shoemaker.
Mushure mekupedza akati wandei eyedzidzo emakirasi ane kukudzwa, jaya rinoenda kubasa semunyori anobatsira. Makore aya akabva Feder Shalyapin achayeuka seanokunetsa muhupenyu hwake, nekuti akanyimwa chinhu chikuru muhupenyu hwake - achiimba, kubvira panguva iyoyo inzwi rake rainetseka nezvenguva yekupaza. Saka zvaizove pabasa rakakurumwa remuchengeti wechidiki, kana rimwe zuva asina kuuya kumharidzo yeKazan Opera House. Mashiripiti ehunyanzvi zvachose akabata mwoyo wejaya, uye anosarudza kuchinja basa racho.
Pazera ramakore gumi nematanhatu, Fector Shalyapin neBass iri kutove nekuteerera kuOpera House, asi nekupaza kwacho kwakundikana. Mushure meizvozvo, anowedzera kune timu inoshamisa yeV. B. Selebryakov, maakaenderwa kune iyo positi yemutambi.
Zvishoma nezvishoma, mapato anzwi anopiwa nemurume wechidiki. Mushure megore, Fedor Shalyapin akazadzikiswa bhatiri reZarotsky kubva kuEpera "Eugene Online". Asi muzvikamu zvinoshamisa, haana kunonoka kwenguva yakareba uye mushure memwedzi yakati wandei gare gare, chorister yakarongedzwa mumumhanzi Troupe s. ya. Semara-Samara, Ndiani anosiya UFA.
Ndichiri Shalyapin anoramba achizvidzora, izvo mushure menguva dzinoverengeka dzakakundikana dzakatadza dzinowana chivimbo chesimba. Muimbi wechidiki anokokwa kune iyo yekudzungaira yemitambo kubva kuMalorus pasi pehutungamiri hwaG. I. Derkach, uyo waanoverengeka nzendo dzekutanga dzakatenderedza nyika. Kufamba kunotungamira shalyapin pakupedzisira muTiflis (ikozvino - Tbilisi).
Muguta guru reGeorgia, muimbi ane tarenda anoratidza mudzidzisi pane izwi rekuti vocal Vocal dmit Anotora gadziriro yakazara yemurume wechidiki murombo uye anoita naye. Mukufananidza nezvidzidzo, Chiyani anoshanda nemutambi weBass mapato ari mumba yemuno opera.
Mumhanzi
Muna 1894, Fyodor Shalyapin anopinda basa kune iyo Imperi Theatre yemitambo yeSt. Asi Hondo, ichitonga pano, inotanga kukurumidza kuzviedza. Netsaona inofara pane imwe yemitambo iyi, anoona kuti mubatsiri weSavva Mamonv uye anomutsa muimbi kuenda kumitambo yake. Vane mashoma mashoma pamatarenda, iyo patronage inoona muhudiki hutsinye hwekunyora hunyanzvi hunoshamisa. Anopa Fedor Ivanovich izere kusununguka muboka rake.
Panguva yekushanda mune mammont chaliapin troupe, yakaratidza kugona kwake kwezwi uye hunyanzvi. Anoshivirira zvese zvinozivikanwa zveBass eLutance yeRussia, yakadai sePSKOvysian, Sadko, "Monart naSazielori", "Mermaidhi", "Hupenyu kuna mambo", "Boris Mwariiv" na "HovhinsHina". Kuita kwake kweiyo basa reMephistple muFaustta Charles Guno vachiri kunoramba kuchireva. Pashure pacho, akadzosera mufananidzo wakafanana muAria "Mephistofel" mu "la Scala" Theatre "kupfuura kubudirira kwenyika.
Kubva pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20, Shalyapin anoonekwa zvakare pamapuranga ezvikepe zvezvikepe, asi atove seyakafanana neyavo solo. Nemitambo yeMetropolitan, inodaidzira Europe, anowira pasi peiyo metropolitan-opera mamiriro muNew York, kuti asataure zvisipo kuMoscow, mune imwe imba huru. Yakakomberedzwa neBass yakakurumbira, iwe unogona kuona iyo ruvara rwese rwekusika kwenguva: I. Kubrin, M. Vrubel, K. Kerovinv, ItafFo_ E. Caruso. Mapikicha anochengetedzwa paanotorwa padyo neye wake wepedyo shamwari maximy gorky.
Muna 1905, Feder Shalyapin anokudzwa nekuita solo, pane iye akaimba rerudo uye vaakaimba rerudo uye vanhu venyama veDubinushka, "pamwe neStrersburg" nevamwe. Zvese nzira dzemakonzeri aya muimbi akabayirwa kune izvo zvinodikanwa zvevashandi. Vakadaro makomisheni eMestro vakashanduka kuita zviitiko chaizvo zvezvematongerwo enyika kupfuura gare gare Fyodor Ivanovich akange azokudza pasimba reSoviet. Mukuwedzera, kushamwaridzana neyekutanga prolletari munyori munyori wekare gorky yakachengetedza iyo Shamlyapin mhuri kubva pakuparara panguva yeSoviet Kutya.
Mushure mekuchinja, hurumende itsva inogara fyodor Ivanovich musoro weiyo mariinsky yemitambo uye mumupunze iye zita revanhu veRwizi rweRsserr. Asi mumhando itsva, muimbi akashanda kwenguva yakareba, sezvo akatamira nemhuri yake kubva kumhuri yake semiganhu yeanotanga mhiri kwe1922. Hapasisina kuoneka pane soviet chiitiko. Mushure memakore, hurumende yeSoviet yakanyima shallyapin zita remutungamiriri wevanhu veRssr.
Iyo yekugadzira biography yeFyodor Shalyapin haisiri chete basa rake rekutaura. Kuwedzera pakuimba, muimbi ane tarenda aitoda kupenda uye kuongorora. Akazarawo nyeredzi muinema. Akawana basa reIvan rinotyisa muzita rimwe chete raAlexander Ivanov-Gaya refirimu reGeorge Wilhelm Pabsta "Don QuoliPin akazadzisa main Basa reWrserler rakakurumbira nemhepo dzemhepo.
Hupenyu Hwako
Ndiine mudzimai wekutanga, Shalyapin akasangana muhudiki, achiramba achishanda mumitambo yeMamonv's Yakatemerwa Theatre. Musikana uyu akanzi Iola Trargi, aive muBallerina weItaly mavambo. Pasinei nehasha uye kubudirira muvakadzi, muimbi wechidiki akasarudza kuzvisunga nemuchato semukadzi akagwinya.
Kwemakore eJapan, Iola wakabereka Fyodor Shalyapin vatanhatu vana. Asi kunyange mhuri yakadaro haina kuchengeta FeDOR Ivanovich kubva pakuchinja kwakakosha muhupenyu.
Aiita basa remuti wepaya, aifanira kurarama kazhinji muSt. Petersburg, kwaakatanga mhuri yechipiri. Pakutanga, nemukadzi wake wechipiri, Maria Petzold Federor Ivanovich akasangana pakavanda, sezvaaiwanawo. Asi shure kwaizvozvo vakatanga kugara pamwe chete, uye Maria vakamubereka vana vatatu vana.
Hupenyu hwakaoma hweMunyu hwakaenderera kusvika pakubva kwake kuEurope. Pakushanya, chirahini chakasiya mhuri yese yechipiri, uye mumwedzi yakati wandei, vana vashanu vakauya kuParis kuenda kuParis kubva muwanano yekutanga.
Kubva kumhuri huru yemhuri muUSSR, mumwe mukadzi wake wekutanga Iola Ignatievna uye mwanasikana wedangwe Irina akasara. Vakadzi ava vakava varindi vekurangarira kweiyo opera kuimba mumusha kwavo. Muna 1960, vekare uye vanorwara Torngi vakatamira kuRoma, asi vasati vatendeukira kuRoma, akatendeukira kuHurumende Catherine nechikumbiro - kugadzira museum yeFyodor Ivanovich Shamango mumba mavo kuTovinsky Boulevard.
Rufu
Kurarama kwekupedzisira kwenyika dzeFar East, Shamyapin akaenda pakati pemakore makumi matatu. Iyo inopa anopfuura makumi mashanu ega makomisheni mumaguta eChina neJapan. Mushure meizvozvo, kudzokera kuParis, muimbi haana kunzwa zvakanaka.
Muna 1937, vanachiremba vakaona kuti aive nechirwere cheropa: gore rehupenyu rinoramba richiramba.
Bass Great yakafa muparara yeParis mukutanga kwaApril 1938. Kwenguva yakareba, guruva rake rakavigwa muNyika yeFrance, uye muna 1984, nekukumbira kwaSala Chatairina, raigara dzakatamiswa kuguva paNovderevichy Moskichy Cemetery.
Chokwadi, vanyori venhoroondo vazhinji vanoona rufu rwe fyedhor shalyapin panzvimbo inoshamisa. Uye chiremba mune imwe izwi akataura kuti LEUKEMIA ane hedgehog yakadaro yeHedgehog Dodium uye pazera rakadaro inonyanya kujairika. Kune zvakare humbowo hwekuti mushure mekushanya kuFar East, muimbi we opera muParis akadzoka mune inorwadza mamiriro uye aine "chiratidzo chakashata" pahuma - bundu remufudzi. Vanachiremba vanopokana kuti neoplasms yakadaro inomuka muchiuru chehupfu uye radioactive istope kana phenol. Mubvunzo uyu zvakaitika kuna Caliapin parwendo, uye munyori wenhoroondo wemunharaunda wakaratidzwa muKazan Rovell Kashapov.
Murume anotenda kuti SKALYARILA "akabvisa" simba reSoviet sechinhu chinopesana. Pane imwe nguva, akaramba kudzokera kumba, uyezve kune zvese, kuburikidza nemupristi weOrthodox akapa rubatsiro kune varombo vekuremekedza vasiri vekuRussia. MuMoscow, chiitiko chake chaidaidzwa kuti counternational-cancutionary, chinangwa nekutsigira kuchena kutumira. Pashure peizvozvo yekudzoka kwekudzoka, mainge musisiri chero kutaura.
Nenguva isipi muimbi wacho akabatana nesimba racho kukakavara. Bhuku Rake "nhoroondo yehupenyu hwangu" yakadhindwa nevaparidzi vekunze, uye vakagamuchira mvumo yedare kubva kuSoviet Sangano "bhuku renyika Dzose". Shallyapina akasarudzika akasarudzika asina kukwana ne copyright, uye akaisa dare rakarayira kuti USSR yekumupa mari yekubhadhara mari. Ehe, muMoscow, izvi zvaionekwa sechiitiko chesimba chemuimbi kurwisa Soviet State.
Uye muna 1932 Akanyora "mask nemweya" uye akaburitsa muParis. Mazviri, Fedor Ivanovich muchimiro chakaoma akataura maererano neine pfungwa dzeBolshevism, kune Simba reSoviet uye kunyanya kuna Joseph Vissarivionvich Stalin.
Mumakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake, Shallyapin airatidza kungwarira uye vanhu vanofungidzira kuti vagadzike. Asi muna 1935, muimbi akagamuchira chirevo kusangano rerwendo rweJapan neChina. Uye panguva yekushanya kuChina, zvisingatarisirwi kuFedor Ivanovich, anopihwa kuti ape konsati muHarbin, kunyangwe pakutanga maitiro haana kurongwa ipapo. Kashapov Kashapov Dunhu Kaspov ane chivimbo chekuti kune chiremba weWielzon, uyo akaperekedza Shampin mune ino kutenderera, akapiwa silinda yeiyo erosol ine chinhu chehupfu.
Feor Ivanovich's Enteraniorator, Georges de Godera, anoti pamberi pehunyanzvi, huroyi hwakaongorora huro uye, kunyangwe hazvo kuti akaigutsa, "akasaswa nemariro." Herzinsky akaudza kuti kumwezve kushanya kwakabatanidzwa kurwisa kumashure kwehutano hwekuwedzera kwehutano hweShalyapin.
MunaFebruary 2018, ane makore 145 kubva pakuzvarwa kweiyo Great Russian Opera Shini. Mumba yeimba yeimba yaSalyapin paTovinsky Boulevard muMoscow, apo Fyodor Ivanovich akararama nemhuri yake kubvira 1910, vanoyemura veCreativation vakapararira gore rake.
Aria.
- Hupenyu hwaMambo (Ivan Susanin): Aria Susananina "Chokwadi chevanhu"
- Ruslan naLyudmila: Rondo Farlaf "O, mufaro! Ndaiziva"
- Mermaid: Aria Melnik "O, ipapo imi mose, vasikana vadiki"
- Muchinda Igor: Aria Igor "kana kurara, hakuna zororo"
- Prince Igor: Aria Konchaka "Health Lee, Prince"
- Sadko: Rwiyo rweMarangi Muenzi "pamawere emawere anotyisa anodzvanywa neyekutsvova kwemafungu"
- FAUS: Aria weMefistophee "Enda Kune Rima"