Biography
Vincent Van Gogh ndeye Netherlands Artist, mumwe wevamiriri vanopenya zvekutumira. Akashanda zvakanyanya uye nemakore gumi, kwemakore gumi aine makore madiki, akasika mabasa akati wandei asina kana mumwe wevarombo akakurumbira aive asiri. Akanyora zviroto uye azviratidziro, nyika uye ichine mararamiro, misango, minda yegorosi uye sunflowers.
Artist akaberekwa padyo nemuganhu wezasi kweNetherlands mumusha weGrotz-Sünt. Ichi chiitiko mumhuri yePastor Theodora Van Gogh nemudzimai wake Ana Cornelia chakaitika munaKurume 30, 1853. Pakazosvika vana vatanhatu mumhuri yeVan Gogov. Mukoma mudiki Hodo muhupenyu hwake hwese akabatsira winent, akatora chikamu chinoshanda mune yake yakaoma mugumo.
Mumhuri, vaKincent yaive mwana akaoma, ane manyawi, ane ruzivo rwezvishamiso, saka aigara achirangwa. Kunze kweimba, pane kudaro, airatidzika kufunga, akanyarara uye akanyarara. Akapotsa aisa kutamba vana. Vagari vemo vaimuona semunhu ane mwero, akanaka, ane hushamwari uye ane tsitsi. Pazera ramakore manomwe, akapihwa kuchikoro chemusha, gore rakatevera, vanobvisa ipapo uye nekudzidzisa kumba, mukudonha kwe 1864 vakomana vachatorwa kuchikoro che boarding muZewenbergen.
Kuenda kunokuvadza mweya wemukomana uye kunomuita kuti ave nekutambudzika kwakawanda. Muna 1866 inoendeswa kune imwe chikoro che boarding. Vincent anopiwa mitauro, heino zvakare inowana hunyanzvi hwekutanga hwekudhirowa. Muna 1868 pakati pegore rechikoro, anokanda chikoro uye anobva pamba. Dzidzo yake ichaguma mune izvi. Anoyeuka nezvehuduku hwake sechimwe chinhu chinotonhora uye chinoshamisa.
Netsika, chizvarwa cheVugo chinozvigadzira ivo pachavo mumatanho maviri echiitiko: Kutengesa mumapenderekedzo uye chiitiko chechechi. Vincent achaedza iye uye semuparidzi, uye semutengesi, achipa basa raro. Sezvo akabudirira kumwe kubudirira, anoramba mumwe, achitsvenesa hupenyu hwake uye zvese pendi yake.
Carier kutanga
Muna 1868, murume wechidiki ane makore gumi nemashanu anopinda davi rekambani yeART "Gupil neCo" mune hutsinye. Nebasa rakanaka uye kuda kuziva, iye anotumirwa kuBazi reLondon. Kwemakore maviri, ndedzipi dzaigara muLondon, iye anova muzvinabhizimusi chaiye uye nyanzvi muEngraver engravings, makotesheni dickens uye Eliota, gloss inoonekwa mariri. Van Gogh akamirira tarisiro yeiyo commissioner yehutachiona hwebazi repakati re "Pippily" muParis, kwaaifanira kunge akatamira.
Muna 1875 pane zviitiko zvakachinja hupenyu hwake. Mutsamba iri kune iyo Theo, anodana chimiro chake "kurwadzisa kusurukirwa." Biograph's Biography vanotsvaga vanofunga kuti chikonzero cherudzi rwakadai muhupenyu hwakarambwa. Ndiani aive chinhu cherudo urwu, kwete kunyatsozivikanwa. Izvo zvinokwanisika kuti iyi vhezheni haina kunaka. Iko kuendesa kuParis hakuna kubatsira kuchinja mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Akapotsa "enda mwana" uye akadzingwa.
Dzidziso uye yemamishinari zviitiko
Mukuzvitsvaga, Vinincent inotenderwa munzvimbo yake yechitendero. Muna 1877, akatamira kuBabamunini Johannes muAmsterdam uye ari kugadzirira kubvumidzwa kune iro rebhaibheri. Kuchikoro, anoodzwa mwoyo, anokanda makirasi uye oenda. Chishuwo chekushandira vanhu chinotungamira kuchikoro cheumishinari. Muna 1879, anogashira chinzvimbo chemuparidzi muApper kumaodzanyemba kweBelgium.
Anodzidzisa mutemo waMwari munzvimbo yemugodhi muBorine, anobatsira mhuri dzevashandi, vanoshanyira varwere, vanodzidzisa vana, vanoverenga mharidzo, kuti vawane mharidzo, kuti uwane makadhi ePalestine. Iye amene anorarama mumvura inosiririsa, inodya mvura nechingwa, kurara pasi, akazvidza mumuviri. Mukuwedzera, anobatsira vashandi kuti vadzivirire kodzero dzayo.
Vakuru vemunharaunda vakamubvisa kubva kuhofisi, sezvo vasingagamuchire zviitiko zvechisimba uye zvakanyanyisa. Pakati peino nguva, anokwevera vashoma, vakadzi vavo nevana.
Kuumbwa kweiyo muimbi
Kuti ubve pakushungurudzika zvine chekuita nezviitiko mu pateurge, van Gogh anokwidza kupenda. Hama Theo Vanomutsigira, uye anoshanyira chinyorwa chehunyanzvi hwakanaka. Asi mugore anobata kudzidza uye anofamba kuenda kuvabereki, kuenderera mberi nekuita vega.
Zvakare inowira murudo. Panguva ino mu hama yangu. Manzwiro ake haawani mhinduro, asi anoenderera mberi nekudanana nekukonzera kushatirwa kwehama vakamukumbira kuti aende. Nekuda kwekuvhunduka kutsva, anoramba hupenyu hwake, achibva muHgule kuti aite pendi. Apa anotora zvidzidzo kubva kuAnton Maurwe, anoshanda zvakanyanya, achiona hupenyu hwemadhorobha, kunyanya munzvimbo dzisina kunaka. Iye anodzidza iyo "nhamba kosi" kosi yeCharles Barga, makopi byhographs. Kusanganisa kusanganisa kwehunyanzvi dzakasiyana-siyana pane canvas, kutsvaga inonakidza ruvara mumhuri mumabasa.
Zvekare zvakare kuyedza kugadzira mhuri nemukadzi wemugwagwa wemugwagwa waanosangana naye mumugwagwa. Mukadzi ane vana anoenda kwaari uye anova muenzaniso kune muimbi. Nekuda kweizvi kukakavara nehama neshamwari. Winccing pachake anonzwa kufara, asi kwete kwenguva yakareba. Hunhu hunorema hwekudzvinyirira hwakatenderedza hupenyu hwake kuti huvepo hope, uye ivo vakaputsa.
Muimbi anoenda kudunhu re drencehe kuNorth Nernlands, anogara mukamuri, raakashongedza pasi pebasa, anonyora nzvimbo dzekurarama, dzinza, zviuno kubva kubasa razvo uye neupenyu hwazvo uye neupenyu hwazvo uye neupenyu hwavo. Zvekutanga zvinoshanda van Gogh, nekuchengeterwa, asi zvinogona kunzi zvechokwadi. Kushaikwa kwedzidzo yekudzidza kwakakanganisa chimiro chayo, mune zvisingafungidziri mumufananidzo wehuwandu hwevanhu.
Anofambisa kuvabereki vake kuna Nyuen, anodhonza zvakawanda. Munguva ino mazana emadhirowa uye canvasi akagadzirwa. Panguva imwe chete nekwakakura, pendi nevadzidzi, inoverenga zvakawanda uye inotora zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi. Zvinyorwa zvebasa renguva yeDutch vane vanhu vakareruka uye zviyero zvakanyorwa nenzira inoratidzira nemukuru wePalette rima, rima uye matsi matsi. Munguva ino nguva ino inosanganisira pendi "mbatatisi emagita" (1885), kuratidza chiitiko kubva kuhupenyu hwevaridzi.
Nguva yeParis
Mushure mechikadzi refu vincent inofunga kurarama uye gadzira muParis, kwaanofamba pakupera kwaFebruary 1886. Zvinowanikwa nehama yeTeo, uyo akashanda pamberi pomutungamiriri weArtlery. Hupenyu hwehunyanzvi hweguta reFrance renguva ino rinorovera kiyi.
Kuratidzwa kweiyo fungidziro yemugwagwa weBasa anova chiitiko chakakosha. Kekutanga, xinyak naSurfu vanoratidzwa ipapo, iyo yakananga kufambisa kwePostsionism, yakaratidza nhanho yekupedzisira yekufungidzira. Fungidziro ndeye shanduko muhunyanzvi iyo yachinja nzira yekupenda, iyo yakapa maitiro ezvidzidzo uye zvirongwa. Kufunga kwekutanga kunoiswa mumusoro kwekona, mavara akachena, aunofarira anopiwa kupenda pendi pane iyo yakawanda.
MuParis, van Gogh anotora Hama Theo, vanozvivimbisa mumba make, vanosuma maartist. Mumusangano weMhizha-Tsika Fernan Fernan Koron Korong, Anosangana naAulous-Lotrek, Emil Bernar naLouis Anquenter. Fungidziro huru pairi iri pendi ingafungidzirwa uye post-fungcurnersists. MuParis, akapindwa muropa nekusiya uye kunyange anonyora hupenyu achiri pane iyi nyaya.
Nguva yeParis (1886-1888) Ndiwo anobereka zvibereko, muunganidzwa webasa rayo wakadzorerwa ne230 canvasi. Yakanga iri nguva yekutsvaga tekinoroji, uchidzidza maitiro ekutsvagisa ekupenda kwemazuva ano. Ane kutarisa kutsva kupenda. Maitiro echokwadi anotsiviwa nenzira itsva, izvo zvakakosha kuti ufemedzwe uye nekumisikidza, izvo zvinoratidzwa muhupenyu hwayo huchiri maruva uye nyika.
Hama Vanomuvigira Vamiriri vakajeka venzvimbo ino: Camille Pissarro, Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir nevamwe. Neshamwari dzavo, maartist anowanzoenda kumaro zvachose. Pendi yake inopenya zvishoma nezvishoma, inova yakajeka, uye nekufamba kwenguva inoshanduka kuita bongozozo remapendi, hunhu hwebasa rake remakore apfuura.
MuParis, van Gogh vanotaurirana zvakanyanya, vanoshanyira nzvimbo dzakafanana nekwavanoendahama. Mune gandira, anotoita chidimbu chidiki chine hutsinye hwake hwenzvimbo yake agostyle conjunction, iyo yaimbove yakatumira degas. NaAri, anonyora mufananidzo patafura mune cafe uye akati wandei anoshanda mune chimiro che nu. Imwe nzvimbo yemisangano yaive bhenji raJabys Tangi, uko pendi uye zvimwe zvinhu zvevaridzi zvevatambi zvakatengeswa. Pano, sekunge mune mamwe masangano mazhinji akafanana, artists akaratidza basa ravo.
Boka remahara madiki rinoumbwa, iro rinosanganisira van Gogh nevamwe vake vasati vasvika kure kwakakwirira, samasuru emabhuru makuru ane mukurumbira uye anozivikanwa. Iwo mweya wekukwikwidzana uye nekunetseka kwakabata ushe munharaunda iyoyo yenguva iyoyo, kune anokanganisa uye anovhiringidza artist anova asingatsungirwe. Anouya achipinda mumakakatanwa, anokakavara uye anoita sarudzo yekusiya guta guru.
Nzeve
MunaFebruary 1888, anoenda kunoruramisa uye akasungirirwa kumweya wake wese. Theo Sponsors mukoma, kumutumira 250 francs pamwedzi. Mukutenda, anotumira pendi yake kuhama yake. Inobvisa makamuri mana muhotera, inodya mune cafe, varidzi vava kuita shamwari uye dzakanaka pendi.
Nekusvika kwemuridzi weSkytist ane kuitirwa zuva rekumaodzanyemba, rinobuda miti. Anofara nemavara anopenya uye nemhepo transpency. Mazano emafungiro anoenda zvishoma nezvishoma, asi anoramba akavimbika kune iyo mwenje pendi uye pendi pane iyo plentier. Izvo zvinoshanda zvinokundikana yero, kuwana runyararo runokosha kubva kudzika.
Kuti ushande usiku pane panyama, gadziriso makenduru pane ngowani uye sketchik, ichivhenekera nzvimbo yayo yekuenda nenzira iyi. Ndiwo marapiro ake "nyeredzi, ane nyeredzi," uye "Husiku Cafe" zvakanyorwa. Chiitiko chakakosha chinova kusvika kweiyo gajen shamba, iyo Vinincing akaramba achikokwa nemapfudzi. Anoshingaira uye anobereka michero pekugara anopera nemakapu uye kupururudza. Vimba, phepantic gaaurugen yaive chaiyo yakatarisana neisina kukwana uye kusazorora van Gogh.
Iyo nzira yenyaya iyi inova nekukurumidza kujekesa kwehukama usati wafara Christmas 1888, pakabviswa nzeve yake. Gogen, akatya kuti kurwiswa kwacho kunoungana paari, kunyangarika kuhotera. Vinincent yakaputira ruvhu renzeve yenzeve mupepa rikatumira kuhama yavo inozivikanwa - pfambi Rakeri. Mudombo reropa, akawana mumwe mubato. Ronda rinokurumidza kupora, asi hutano hwekunamata zvakare rinodzosera kumubhedha wechipatara.
Rufu
Vagari veArtalya vanotanga kutya mugari mune zvausingade. Muna 1889, vanonyora chikumbiro ichi chinodiwa kuti chivanunure kubva ku "matsvuku anopenga." Vincent anoziva nezvengozi yemamiriro ake uye nokuzvidira anoenda kuchipatara cheSt. Paul Maluzolian muSaint-remy. Panguva yekurapa, anotenderwa kunyora mumugwagwa uchitungamirirwa nevashandi vekurapa. Saka zvave zvichishanda nehunhu hwekuwedzera-semitsetse uye twist ("nyeredzi husiku", "mugwagwa nemiti yemitsara uye nyeredzi", nezvimwewo).
MuSal-Refy, nguva dzechisimba zviitiko zvinotsiviwa nekukanganiswa kwenguva refu kunokonzerwa nekuora mwoyo. Panguva yeimwe yematambudziko, anomedza pendi. Pasinei nekugara achiwedzerwa kwechirwere, Hama Theo inobatsira pakutora chikamu chake muSeptember Salon yakazvimirira muParis. MunaJanuary 1890, Vinincent inofumura "minda yetsvuku mumabhurashi" uye anozvitengesa kwemazana mana eFrancs, ayo ari akanaka akanaka. Ndihwo chete mufananidzo unotengeswa mukati mehupenyu.
Mufaro wake waisunganidzwa. Muimbi haana kumira kushanda. Kubudirira kwe "minda yemizambiringa" kwakafuridzirwa nemunun'una wake. Iyo inopa pendi dzikurira, asi anotanga kuzvidya. Muna May 1890, hama dzinobvumirana neiyo Therapist-Homeopath Dr. Gasha nezve kurapwa kweVincent mumakiriniki yake. Chiremba pachake anofarira kudhirowa, saka inofara kugamuchirwa kuti kurapwa kwevaimbi. Vincent inowanikwawo kuGasha, anoona munhu ane mutsa uye ane tariro mazviri.
Mwedzi wakatevera, van Gogh anotenderwa kuenda kuParis. Mukoma vanosangana naye havana rudo kwazvo. Ane matambudziko nemari, mwanasikana ari kurwara kwazvo. Vincent, kugashira kwakadaro kunobva kuenzana, anonzwisisa kuti zvinogoneka, uye agara ari mutoro kuminomunoro. Akashamiswa, anodzokera kukiriniki.
Musi waChikunguru 27, seyakajairwa, zvinozoitika kuti zvifadze, asi kwete kudzoka nekukasira, asi nebhuruu muchipfuva. Bullet yakaburitswa kubva papfuti yakapinda mubhiribhi ndokuenda pamoyo. Iye anochera iye akadzokera kunzvimbo yokuvanda ndokurara pamubhedha. Akarara pamubhedha, akanyarara akapokana nefoni. Zvaiita kunge fungidziro yekuti ronda racho risina kumurwadzisa.
Haache yakakonzera teko ku telegraph. Iye akabva angosvika, akatanga kusimbisa hama yekuti achamubatsira kuti zvaive zvakafanira kupererwa. Mukupindura, mutsara uyu wakanzwika kuti: "Kusuwa kunogara nekusingaperi." Iyo artist yakafa musi waChikunguru 29, 1890 muhafu yehusiku hwechipiri. Akavigwa mutaundi raMariya paJuly 30.
Vazhinji veshamwari-maartist vakasvika pamwe nehunyanzvi. Madziro ekamuri yacho akaturikwa pendi yake yekupedzisira. Dral Haachi aida kutaura, asi ndakachema kwazvo zvekuti ndakakwanisa kutaura mazwi mashoma, izvo zvakaburukira kune chokwadi chekuti vincent yaive muimbi mukuru uye munhu akatendeseka, kuti hunyanzvi hwaive pamusoro Zvese zvinomutsiva, kusimbisa zita rake.
Hama yeiyo Artist Teo Van Gogh yakanga isiri mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare. Haana kuzviregerera kukakavara nehama yake. Kuora mwoyo kwake, kwaakagoverana naamai vake kunozoisa kushaiwa, uye anorwara nechirwere chipi zvacho. Ndozvakanyora mutsamba wamai vake mushure mekufa kwemukoma wake:
"Hazvibviri kutsanangura kusuwa kwangu, sezvo zvisingaite kuti uwane nyaradzo. Uku ndiko kushungurudzika kunozopedzisira uye kwandaiita ini, handifi ndakabvisa ini ndiri mupenyu. Chinhu choga chinogona kutaurwa ndechekuti iye iye amene akawana rugare kuna iye ... hupenyu hwairemedza kwaari, asi zvino, chero zvingaitika, munhu wese anorumbidza matarenda ake ... Ah, Amai! Aiva wangu, hama yangu. "
Ndiyo tsamba yekupedzisira yokurangarira, yakanyorwa naye mushure mekukakavara:
"Zvinoratidzika kwandiri kuti nekuti munhu wese anenge akanganisa uye kunze kwekubatikana zvakanyanya, hazvidikanwe kuti uzive zvakakwana hukama hwese. Ini ndanga ndanyanya kushamisika kuti iwe sokunge uchida kuhukura zviitiko. Ndingabatsira sei, pane kudaro, chii chandinofanira kuita kuti ndikukodzera iwe? Zvisinei, mupfungwa, ndinosimbisa maoko ako uye, kunyangwe zvese, ndakafara kukuonai mese. Usava nechokwadi nazvo. "Muna 1914, zvakasara zveTheo Chirikadzi yake yakarambwa padyo neguva reVincent.
Hupenyu Hwako
Chimwe chezvikonzero chekurwara kwepfungwa cheVan Gogh zvinogona kuve hupenyu hwake hwakatadza, haana kumbobvira azviwana munhu wehupenyu. Kurwiswa kwekutanga kwekushungurudzika kwakaitika mushure mekukundikana kweimba yemwanasikana wake Ursula music, maari muchivande murudo kwenguva yakareba. Chikumbiro chakanzwika zvisingatarisirwi, chakashamisa musikana, uye akazviramba akatsauka.
Nyaya yacho yakadzokororwa neiyo chirikadzi yeChigina Ki dricker, asi panguva ino Vincent anosarudza kusakanda mapfumo pasi. Mukadzi haatore hanya. Pashure pekushanya kwehama dzeMudiwa, anoshandisa ruoko rwake mumiridhi murazvo, achiivimbisa kuti achiramba zvakadaro kusvikira iye ave mukadzi wake. Neichi chiitiko, pakupedzisira akaparadza baba vemusikana kuti anobata nemurume asina hutano. Zvizhinji kumhemberero hazvina kutanga naye uye vatauri vachangobva kumba.
Kuita sexy kusagutsikana kwakaratidzwa mumamiriro ake ezvinhu. Vincent anotanga kuita senge pfambi, kunyanya kwete vadiki kwazvo uye vasina kunaka kwazvo, zvaaigona kusimudza. Nenguva isipi anomira sarudzo pane pfambi ine nhumbu, ayo anomugadza mwanasikana ane makore mashanu. Mushure mekuzvarwa kwemwanakomana, vincent inosungirwa kuvana uye inofunga kuroora.
Mukadzi akabvunza muimbi uye akagara naye rinenge gore. Nekuda kwake, aifanira kurapwa kubva ku gonorrhea. Hukama hwakaomesesa pakupedzisira apo Artist paakawona kushomekana, ane hutsinye, huturu uye zvakasiyana. Mushure mekuparadzanisa mukadzi achipikiswa nemakirasi ake aichimbova, uye van Gogh akasiya hawega.
Mumakore achangopfuura, Vinincent yakadzingana nemukadzi ane makore makumi matatu nematanhatu anonzi Margo Hymann. Aive muvakidzani mukodhi mu nuenen uye chaizvo aida kuroora. Van Gogh, pane kungonzwira tsitsi, anobvuma kumuroora. Vabereki havana kupa mvumo yemuchato uyu. Margo akada haana kuita hupenyu, asi van Gogwira. Munguva yakatevera, ane hukama hwakawanda husina kurongeka, anoshanyira dzimba dzeruzhinji uye anobatwa kubva kuzvirwere zvekunamata kubva panguva kusvika panguva.