Biography
Leonardo di S s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s sRamangwana rejenari rakazvarwa nekuda kwehama dzerudo dzeNewiyo Peero Da Vinci uye vasikana vekaterina (Catarina). Sekureva kwemasangano enharaunda yenguva iyoyo, muchato unhu hwevanhu ava hwaive husingagoneke nekuda kwekudzika kwakaderera kwaamai Leonardo. Mushure mekuzvarwa kwematangwe, akawana nemuumbi, uyo Katerina akararama neiyo yakasara yehupenyu. Zvinozivikanwa kuti wakabereka vanasikana vana uye mwanakomana kubva kumurume wake.
Dangwe Raro Da Vinci akararama makore matatu naamai vake. Baba vake Leonardo vachangozvarwa nemumiriri wepfuma iviratidzwe, asi mumwe wake womutauriri haana kumuberekera mugari wenhaka. Makore matatu mushure mekuroora, Puro akazvitora Mwanakomana kwaari uye akakonzera kurerwa kwake. Magic Leonardo akafa mumakore gumi, achiedza kubereka mugari wenhaka. Pieero akaroora kechipiri, asi akagarwa chirikadzi. Zvakare, Leonardo aive nevanakomana vana, pamwe nevanun'una vane gumi nemaviri nehanzvadzi gumi nembiri pamutambo wababa.
Zvisikwa uye zvigadzirwa da Vinci
Mubereki akapa Leonardo kuvadzidzi veTuscan Master Andrea verrocko. Munguva yekudzidziswa kwemupi weMupi, mwanakomana waPiero haana chete chete hunyanzvi hwekupenda uye kuongorora. Yese Leondo akadzidza sainzi uye maindasitiri saini, hunyanzvi hweganda, zvekutanga zvekushanda nesimbi uye makemikari reegents. Kuziva uku kwese kwakauya muNy Vinci muhupenyu.
Leonardo akagamuchira kusimbiswa kwehunyanzvi hwaTenzi pazera ramakore makumi maviri, mushure mekunge aenderera mberi nekushanda pasi pekutanga kweiyo verrocko. Mujaya wechidiki akakwezvwa neyekudzika basa parunhare rwemudzidzisi wake, semuenzaniso, akarairwa nzvimbo dzekumashure uye zvipfeko zvemavara echipiri. Wemusangano wega akazviratidza kuLeonardo chete muna 1476.
Muna 1482, DA Vinci yakatumirwa naiye patron Loronzo Medicti muMilan. Pakati peino nguva, muimbi akashanda pamapendi maviri aya asina kumbopedzerwa. Milan, iyo Duke yeLodovico Sforza Yakanyoresa Leonardo kune iyo Dare State seinjiniya. Vanhu vakakwira-chinzvimbo vaifarira midziyo yekuzvidzivirira uye chishandiso chekuda kweyadhi. Da da vinci ine mukana wekukudziridza tarenda rekugadzira uye kugona kwemakanika. Zvigadzirwa zvake zvaive kurongeka kwehukuru hwakanaka kupfuura izvo zvakaratidzirisa voruki.
Mainjiniya akagara muMilan pasi peiyo duke yeanogarira kwemakore gumi nemanomwe. Munguva ino, Leondo akanyora mifananidzo ye "Madonna muKurote" uye "mukadzi waMorstambidza" murume wake mukuru wechiitiko. Akapenda madziro emamanda yeDomicic. " "Chirairo chekupedzisira" chekupedzisira, chikaita akati wandei ashatomical sketches uye madhiragi emidziyo.
Injiniya talent leonardo yakauya mune inobata uye mushure mekudzoka kuFlorence muna 1499. Akagara pabasa reChike weCesad Bordjia, uyo aivimba nekugona kwaVinci kuti agadzire michina yemauto. Mainjiniya akashanda muFlorence makore manomwe, mushure mekunge adzokera kuMilan zvakare. Panguva iyoyo, aive atopedza basa pamufananidzo wakakurumbira, unochengetwa mumuseum of the louvre.
Yechipiri milan nguva yaTenzi yakawana makore matanhatu, mushure mekunge aenda kuRoma. Muna 1516, Leonardo akaenda kuFrance, kwaakapedza makore ake ekupedzisira. Parwendo, tenzi akatora Francesco Francesco, mudzidzi uye mugari wenhaka wehunhu wehunyanzvi da Vinci.
Pasinei nenyaya yekuti Roma Leondo akashandisa makore mana chete, iri muguta rino rirumuro yezita rake. MuHoro nhatu dzeSangano, unogona kuzvionera wega nemidziyo yakavakwa maererano neLeonardo Dhirowa, funga makopi epopings, manyoro uye manyoro.
Iyo Italian yakatsaurirwa kuinjiniya uye makagadziro mapurojekiti mazhinji ehupenyu hwake. Zvigadzirwa zvake zvaive nemauto uye ane rugare. Leonardo anozivikanwa seanovandudza prototypes, ndege, yekuzvipira-yekuzvidza ngoro, ratidziro, bhasikoro, parachute, mbozhanhare, pfuti. Mimwe madhirogiramu emahosi achiri kushamiswa kune vanotsvaga.
Muna 2009, pamhepo yekuwana kuwanikwa kweTV chiteshi, kutenderera kweDa Vinci mafirimu akasunungurwa. Chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu gumi zvegwaro rondedzero zvakatsaurwa zvakawirwa nekuedzwa kwekuvaka uye kuongororwa kwemuchina zvichienderana neyekutanga leonardo dhizaini. Maitiro emafirimu akaedza kudzokorora kugadzirwa kweItaly guntian achishandisa zvigadzirwa zvenguva yacho.
Hupenyu Hwako
Hupenyu hwomunhu chaiye tenzi hwakazvichengeta zvakavanzika zvakaomarara. Zvemaredhi mune yavo Diaries, Leonardo akashandisa Cipher, asi kunyangwe mushure mekusarudza, vaongorori vakagamuchira ruzivo rwakakosha. Iko kune vhezheni iyo chikonzero chekuvanzika chaive chisina kujairika kutarisisa da Vinci.Hwaro hwefungidziro yekuti vaiti vemuimbi vaida, kwaive vaongorora vatsvagiri vanobva pane zvisina kunanga chokwadi. Achiri mudiki, muimbi akazviratidza mune sodhoma, asi hazvizivikanwe zvakanyanya, mune hunhu upi. Mushure meiyi nyaya, tenzi aive akavanda zvakavanzika uye akakanda pane zvakataurwa pamusoro pehupenyu hwake.
Anodiwa anodikanwa Leonardo ndeavo vamwe vevadzidzi vake, vane mbiri yakanyanya kuzivikanwa. Jaya racho rakapihwa nechitarisiko chake uye rave muenzaniso kune mamwe mhizha dzebrashi da Vinci. Mufananidzo "Johani Mubhabhatidzi" ndeimwe yemabasa akachengetedzwa naLeonardo, iyo yandakatumira nekunyora.
Pane shanduro yekuti "Mona Lisa" yakanyorwawo kubva pachishandiso ichi, vakapfeka zvipfeko zvevakadzi. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti pane kumwe kufanana kwevanhu vanoratidzwa mumapendi "Mona Lisa" uye "Johane Mubapatidzi". Zvinosara chokwadi kuti Hongu Vinci chengetedza hunhu hwake hunyanzvi hwekusaona.
Pamwoyo anodikanwa leonardo vanyori veLeondo zvakare chinzvimbo Francesco meltsi.
Pane imwe vhezheni yechakavanzika chehupenyu hwega hwega. Zvinotendwa kuti Leondo aive nerudo neyekudanana neChechi Gallani, iyo, inoratidzwa munongedzo muchirimo che "Mukadzi weMorosta". Mukadzi uyu ndiye aifarira milan Duke, iye anobata bhuku rekunyora, kutevedzera kwehunyanzvi. Akaunza muimbi mudiki mudenderedzwa reMilan Bohemia.
Pakati pezvinyorwa, Da Vinci akawana kunyorwa kwekunyora, akataura nezveChechilia, ayo akatanga mumashoko anoti: "Mwari wangu anodikanwa ...". Vanotsvaga vanofunga kuti mufananidzo we "Mukadzi weMorino" wakanyorwa nezviratidzo zviri pachena zvemanzwiro akasarudzika kumukadzi airatidzwa pazviri.
Vamwe vaongorori vanotenda kuti iyo Great Italian yakanga isingazive rudo rwevaridzi zvachose. Varume nevakadzi havana kuvhiringidza mupfungwa yemuviri. Muchirevo chedzidziso iyi, inofungidzirwa kuti Leonardo akatungamira hupenyu hwomumongi asina kupa vazukuru, asi akasiya nhaka huru.
Rufu uye Mogiila
Vatsvagiri vemazuva ano vakagumisa kuti chikonzero choupfu hwerudzi rwekurohwa. Da Vinci akafa aine makore makumi matanhatu nematanhatu, zvakaitika muna 1519. Kutenda kune ndangariro dzezvikwata, zvinozivikanwa kuti nenguva iyoyo muimbi akatove akatambura nemuchato wemarara. Leonardo aisakwanisa kufambisa ruoko rwerudyi, sezvinotenda nevatongoriri, nekuda kwekurohwa kwakaendeswa muna 1517.
Pasinei nemhemberero, tenzi akaenderera mberi nehupenyu hwekusika, achishandisa rubatsiro rwemudzidzi Francesco meltsi. Tsime-raive reVinci rakaderera, uye pakupera kwe1219 akange atoomerwa kuti afambe pasina rubatsiro. Idzi zvitupa zvinoenderana neiyo yekuongororwa kweiyo edzidziso. Sezvo masayendisiti anotenda, kurwiswa kwakadzokororwa kwekuparadzwa kwehuropi muna 1519 kwakapedza nzira yehupenyu hweItari yeItari.
Panguva yekufa, tenzi aive munhare yeClole-Lyus pedyo neguta reMboise, uko makore matatu apfuura ehupenyu hwake airarama hupenyu hwake airarama. Mukuwirirana neTestamente yeLeonardo, mutumbi wake wakavigwa muchigaro chekereke yeSaint Florent.
Nehurombo, guva raTenzi rakaparadzwa panguva yehondo Hugune. Chechi yakabudiswa neItaly, shure kwaakasvika kune yakasimba kutanga uye yakabviswa nemuridzi mutsva weimba yekutandarira amboise roger duko mu 1807.
Mushure mekuparadzwa kweSaint-Floorent Chapel, zvakasara zvekuviga kwemakore akasiyana kwakasanganiswa uye kuvigwa mubindu. Kutanga kubva pakati pezana ramakore regumi nemapfumbamwe, vaongorori vakaita kuti kuedza kwakawanda kuona mapfupa eLeonardo da Vinci. Vanoshamwaridzana nenyaya iyi vakatarisana nerondedzero yehupenyu hwehupenyu hweWizard uye vakasarudza zvidimbu zvakakodzera kubva pane zvakasara zvinowanikwa. Vakadzidza kwechinguva. Mabasa akatungamirirwa neanochera matongo arera. Akawana zvidimbu zveguva, anonzi, aine guva raDa Vinci, uye skeleton makanga musina zvidimbu zvakaringana. Aya mapfupa akabatanidzwa muguva akavakazve guva remuimbi ari mumakuru emutungamiriri vatsvene mundima yeimba yekutandarira yeAmbrele of Amboise.
Muna 2010, timu yevatsvagiri pasi pehutungamiri hweSilavano Vincetie yaizokurumidza kusvika kune zvakasara zvevatenzi verudzidziso. Zvairongwa kuti uzive iyo safuseti nerubatsiro rwezvinyorwa zvemberi zvakatorwa kubva kumibhadharo yehama Leonardo pamatehwe emberi. Vaongorori veItari, vakatadza kuwana mvumo yevaridzi veimba yebasa rinodiwa.
Panzvimbo iyo iyo Chechi yeSaint-Floor yaive yaimbove, chivakwa cheGirandi chakagadzwa pakutanga kwezana remakore rapfuura, izvo zvakaratidza makore mana emakore kubva kurufu rweItari. Akakweretesa mainjiniya emakuva uye chigadzirwa chebwe nechisungo chake chiri pakati pekuzivikanwa kwakakurumbira kweMboise.
Zvandakavanzika zveDa Vinci mifananidzo
Iko kusika kweLeondo kunogarwa nepfungwa dzevanyori vezvakaitika munyori wenhoroondo, vaongorori vechitendero, vanyori venhoroondo nevanhuwo zvavo vanopfuura mazana mana emakore. Mabasa omubvumiri weItari akave achifemerwa vanhu veSainzi uye kugona. Kune dzakawanda dzidziso dzinoratidza zvakavanzika zveDa Vinci's Parttens. Vakakurumbira wavo vanoti kana vachinyora hunyanzvi hwake, Leonardo akashandisa kodhi yakasarudzika yemifananidzo.Nerubatsiro rwechigadzirwa kubva kune akati wandei magirazi, vatsvagiri vakakwanisa kuziva kuti chakavanzika chemaonero emifananidzo kubva kuPikicha "Joconda" uye "Johane Mubapatidzi" akagumiswa muchisikwa icho chavanotarisa chisikwa chiri mumask yakafanana nevatorwa vatorwa. Chakavanzika Cipher muLeondo Record zvakanyatsotsanangurwa uchishandisa girazi remagirazi.
Mystics iri kutenderedza basa reItaly rakarerutsa kubuda kwehuwandu hwezvikamu zvehunyanzvi, iye munyori weiyo aive munyori Dan Brown. Manove mano ake akawana kubwinya kwevanopfuura. Muna 2006, iyo firimu "code da vinci" yakaburitswa pane zvikwangwani, zvakamisikidzwa zvichienderana nebasa re brown. Iyo firimu yakasangana nemafungu ekutsoropodzwa kubva kumasangano echitendero, asi akaiswa zvinyorwa zvinyorwa mukuunganidza mari kumwedzi wekutanga.
Rakarasika uye isina kugadziriswa basa
Haasi mabasa ese evatenzi asvika nguva yedu. Haisi Inoshanda Inosanganisira: Iyo nhoo ine pendi muchimiro cheJellyfish, chifananidzo cheMadan Duke, mufananidzo weMadonna neVeronna, pikicha ye "Stain uye Fresco" neFresco ".
Nezve zvimwe pendi yeTenzi, vanotsvaga vemazuva ano vanoziva nekuda kwemakopi akachengetedzwa uye memoirs yezvemashoko ezvemwana. Semuenzaniso, iyo rumbidzo yebasa rekutanga "Lesa uye Swan" ichiri isingazivikanwe. Vanyori venhoroondo vanotenda kuti pikicha inogona kunge yakaparadzwa pakati pezana ramakore gumi nemanomwe nekurongeka kweiyo Marquise de Mentenon, Louis Wisen Wist. Kusvika nguva yedu, makanga mune matanho akagadzirwa neruoko rwaLeonardo, uye makopi akati wandei e canvas akagadzirwa nevatambi vakasiyana.
Mufananidzo uyu wakaratidza mukadzi mudiki asina murume mumaoko eSwar, patsoka dzinotamba nevacheche, dzakabatwa kubva pamazai makuru. Paunenge uchigadzira iyi hunyanzvi, muimbi akafuridzirwa neiyo yakakurumbira nziyo dzidziso. Sezvineiwo, iyo canvas yakavakirwa pane iyo nyaya nezve komputa yechando naZeus, uyo akatora kutaridzika kweSwan, akanyorwa kwete chete da vinci.
Mupikisi mupenyu Leonardo Michelangero akanyorawo mufananidzo kune iyi ngano yekare. Iyo canvas yeBuonotti yakatambura zvakafanana kufungidzira sebasa raDa Vinci. Iyo pendi naLeonardo naMichelangelo panguva imwe chete yakanyangarika kubva kuunganidzwa kwevaFrance monarch.
Pakati pemabasa asina kufukidzwa eItaly weItaly, pikicha "inamato yeMagi" inogovaniswa. Iyo Canvas yakarairwa nemamongi aAugustine muna 1841, asi akaramba asina kupera nekuda kwekuenda kwaTenzi kuMilan. Vatengi vakawana mumwe mutambi, uye Leonardo haana kuona pfungwa kuti arambe achishanda pamufananidzo.
Vanotsvagurudza vanotenda kuti kuumbwa kweCanvas hakuna analogues muItaly pendi. Mufananidzo uyu unoratidza Maria neMari mwana achangozvarwa naMagi, uye kumashure kwemapipi endimi - vatasvi pamabhiza nematongo ehedheni. Pane fungidziro yekuti Leonardo akaratidzira pamufananidzo pakati pevarume vakauya kuMwanakomana waMwari, uye iye ane makore makumi matatu nemashanu.
Chokwadi chinonakidza
- Muongorori wezvakavanzika zvechitendero Lynn Picnett akaburitsa bhuku "Leonardo da Vinci uye neukama hweZioni", achidana akakurumbira mumwe wevatenzi vechitendero chechitendero chakavanzika.
- Zvinotendwa kuti da vinci yaive yemiriwo. Akapfeka zvipfeko kubva kufashama, achiregeredza zvipfeko zveganda uye zvakasikwa silika.
- Boka renyanzvi dzezvisungo kuronga kusimbisa Leonardo kubva kune yakachengetedzwa zvinhu zvega zvaTenzi. Vanyori venhoroondo vanopotsawo kuti vari pedyo nekutsvaga hama da vinci pane mutsara wemberi.
- Iyo Renaissance ERA yaive nguva iyo "mansam yangu" muItari, "Madonna" (ma Donna), vakarapwa vakadzi vanokudzwa muItari. Mukutaura kwocolquial, mazwi akawira pasi "Monna" (Monna). Izvi zvinoreva kuti zita remuziro "Mona Lisa" maitiro anogona kushandurwa se "Mai Liza".
- Rafael Santi anonzi hongu Vinci Mudzidzisi wake. Aive mumusangano waLeonardo muFlorence, akaedza kutora zvimwe zvinhu zvehunyanzvi hwake. Rafael Santi anonziwo Michelangelo Buwaroti semudzidzisi wake. Vatatu vatambi vakataurwa vanoonekwa seanonyanya kuwanda kwerudzi rwerasites.
- Vanofarira veAustralia vanogadzira kuratidzwa kwenhare kukuru kwezvigadzirwa zvezvigadzirwa zvejira. Kufumurwa kwacho kwakagadziriswa nekutora chikamu kweLeonardo da Vinci Museum muItari. Kuratidzwa kwacho kwatoshanyira makondinendi matanhatu. Munguva yebasa rake, vashanyi vashanu vevashanyi vakakwanisa kuona uye kubata basa renjiniya rakakurumbira reinjini.