Biography
Musi waMay 11, 1904, mumhuri yevapfumi Notary-Catalan Salvador Dali-I-Dai anoonekwa paMwanakomana woMwanakomana. Vaviri vakaroora nenguva iyoyo vakatoona kurasikirwa nedumbu rinodiwa raEl Salvador, uyo akafa aine makore maviri kubva mukuzvimba kwehuropi, saka akafunga kupa zita rimwe chete kumwana wechipiri. Yakashandurwa kubva kuSpanish, zvinoreva Muponesi.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Amai vemucheche Felipe Demamosene akabva atanga kugovera uye kudzora mwanakomana wake, baba vacho vakaramba vachishomeka. Mukomana akakura mwana anokatyamadza uye akatsauka kwazvo. Akadzidza chokwadi nezvemakore ake mukuru mumakore mashanu, akatanga kuve mune ichi chaakange akatofuridzira zvakanyanya psyche.
Muna 1908, mwanasikana waAna Maria Dali vakaoneka mumwe mhuri yeDali, uyo akazova shamwari yepedyo yemukoma wake. Iye mukomana kubva achiri mudiki akatakurwa nekudhirowa, uye zvakazoitika. Mune imba yekushandisa, El Salvador akavaka musangano kwaakaenda mari kwemaawa kusvika pakugadzira.
Hupenyu Hwako
1929 Akaunza shanduko muhupenyu hweMunhu weSalvador Dali nehama dzake. Akasangana nerudo chete rwehupenyu hwese - Elena Ivanovna dyakonov, anogara achibva kuRussia, uyo panguva iyoyo aive mukadzi wenhetembo reEloara munda. Akazvidaidza kuti Gala Elur uye akange akura kupfuura muimbi wemakore gumi.Mushure memusangano wekutanga, Dali naGalera havana kuzomboparidzizve, uye baba vake uye hanzvadzi yavo vakauya kubva muhumiro uyu kuti zvinotyisa. Salvador-sr. Kunyimwa mwanakomana wake wemubatsiri ese emari kune wake, uye Aya Maria akaparadza hukama naye hwekugadzira. Vanenge vachangobva kudiwa vanogarisa pamhenderekedzo yejecha muCadakes mune diki diki isina ruzivo, uko Salvador kunotanga kugadzira zvisikwa zvake zvisina kufa.
Mushure memakore matatu, ivo vari kusaina zviri pamutemo, uye muna 1958 muchato wavo zvakaitika. Kwenguva yakareba, vaviri vacho vaigara vachifara, vachiri kutanga kwa1960s, kusagadzikana hakuna kutanga muhukama hwavo. Vakuru Gala vakatanga kushungurudzika kwenyama nevakomana vadiki, uye Dali vakatanga kuwana nyaradzo mudenderedzwa rechidiki. Nekuti mukadzi wake, anotenga imba huru muPola, ndipo panogona kungouya chete neyekubvumirwa kwechikwata.
Anenge makore masere emumuseum yake yaive yeBritish muenzaniso weAmanda Lir, iyo iyo El Salvador neyavo chete hukama, aive akakwana kuti atarise kuda kwake kwemaawa uye kunakidzwa nerunako rwake. Basa Amanda akaparadza hukama hwavo, uye vakapa vasina kuzvidemba vakaparadzwa naye.
Zvisikwa
Pasinei nenyaya yekuti muchikoro akazvibata uye haana kuzvidzidza pachake, baba vake vakamupa kuzvidzidzo zvekupenda kune venzvimbo yemunharaunda. Muna 1918, kuratidzwa kwekutanga kwebasa remujaya kwakaitika muNative Flinoras. Landscapes yakaiswa pairi, iko kurongeka uko kwakapihwa kwakafuridzirwa munzvimbo yakajeka yeguta. Kusvika makore anopfuura, Salvador acharamba ari mutungamiriri weCatalonia.
Wakatove mumabasa ekutanga evechidiki vechidiki, zvinogona kuoneka kuti ane dhizaini dzinokosha arikugadzira hunyanzvi hwetsamba dzemavara, uye ma perselist. Pasi pehutungamiri hweMunyanzvi weMhizha's Art Artes, Nunens Dalikes, Tunesheni Dalies "Tetushka Anna yekusona muKaduques", "murume wekare wekare" uye vamwe. Panguva ino, muimbi wechidiki anofarira European avant-garde, anoverenga Freud, Nietzsche. Salvador anonyora uye anoratidza nyaya diki yemagazini yemuno. Mufoti, inowana imwe mukurumbira.
Mumwe murume wechidiki akatendeuka 17, mhuri yake iri kusangana nekurasikirwa kukuru: Amai vanofa kubva kukenza yemazamu yegore rina makumi mana. Baba vakapiwa kumagumo ehupenyu hwake havabvise kuchema kumukadzi wake, uye hunhu hwaEl Salvador pachake achava asina kukwana zvachose. Sezvo asina kunyoreswa mugore rimwe chete muMadrid Chikoro chehunyanzvi, achangotanga kuzvibata zvakavimbika kune vadzidzisi uye vadzidzi. Hunyengeri hweFrance hwakatsamwa pakati pemafundisi eChikoro, uye akapiwa kaviri akadzingwa kubva kune institution yedzidzo. Nekudaro, kugara muguta guru reSpain kwakabvumidzwa kuti vadiki vakapa vazivikanwe.
Federico Garcia Lorca, Pablo Picasso naLuis Bunuel Iva Shamwari Dzake, vakanganisa kukura kwehunyanzvi hweEl Salvador. Asi kwete chete kugona kwevechidiki vechidiki vechidiki. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Garcia Lorca yaisave kuzeza kutarisisa kwake, uye vanhu venguva yazvino vakapopotedzana nezvehukama hwake naDali. Asi Salvador yakanga isina ungochani, kunyangwe kunyangwe kusanzwisisika kwake mumabatiro ebonde.
Maitiro ekushora uye kushaikwa kwedzidzo yedzidzo yehunyanzvi haana kudzivirira Salvador akapa makore mashoma gare gare kuti agamuchire World Mukurumbira. Mabasa ake enguva ino aive achiti: "Port-ALGE", "mukadzi wechidiki anoonekwa kubva kumashure", "munhu wechidiki pahwindo", "anozvifunga", "mufananidzo wababa". Uye iro basa re "dengu nechingwa" kunyange rinorova nyika dzese muUnited States. Muenzaniso mukuru, waigara uchibvunza muimbi kuti ugadzire mifananidzo yemukadzi panguva ino, inova hanzvadzi yake yeNasive Ana Maria.
Iyo yakanakisa pendi
Iro rekutanga rakakurumbira rehunyanzvi rinoonekwa sewebhu "rinorangarira", iro rinoratidza kuyerera kubva patafura neyechivhi yekukwira kwemasango emhenderekedzo yegungwa. Iye zvino pikicha iri muUnited States kunzvimbo yemuseum yeiyo yemazuva ano hunyanzvi uye inoonekwa seyakakurumbira basa raTenzi. Nekubatsira kweGeym Dalalm, kujeka kuri kutanga kuitirwa mumaguta akasiyana-siyana eSpain, pamwe neLondon neNew York.Geniya anoona mutungamiriri weViewCount Charles De Noeil, iyo pamutengo wakakwira unoputika pendi rake. Kune iyi mari, vadikani vanowana imba yakanaka pedyo neguta rePort Lygata, iro riri pane yegungwa.
Mugore rimwe chetero, Salvador Dali anoita imwe nhanho inosimbisa yakwana kubudirira mune ramangwana: Anobatana nenharaunda yeSurrealist. Asi pano iyo Eccentric Catalan haina kukwana mumhando. Kunyangwe pakati pemhirizhonga uye nekuvhiringidzika kwehunyanzvi hwechinyakare, senge brot, Arp, de Kiriko, Ernst, Miro, Dali Inotaridzika sedombo chena. Anopinda mumakakatanwa nevatori vechikamu vese mukufamba uye mukupedzisira anozivisa creo - "Surrealism ndiye wangu!".
Mushure mekusvika kwaHitler kusimba kuGermany, mafungire asina kujairika ezvepabonde anotanga nemumwe wezvematongerwo enyika, ayo anoona kuratidzwa kwavo basa rehunyanzvi, uye izvi zvakandisimbisawo vamwe vake. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mugore reHondo Yenyika II, Salvador Dali inoderedza hukama hwake neboka revashandi veFrance uye mashizha eAmerica.
Pakati peino nguva, akakwanisa kutora chikamu mukusikwa kweFirimu Louis Bhizimusi Bheineri "Imbwa" yaiva nebudiriro huru pakati pevoruzhinji, uye akaisawo ruoko rwechipiri rwechipiri "goridhe". Iro rakakurumbira basa remunyori wenguva ino raive "chakavanzika cheWilhelm telly", maari akaratidza mutungamiri weSoviet weCommunist Party asina kupfeka muswe.
Pakati pevashoma gumi nemaviri canvassi yenguva ino, iyo yakaratidzwa pakuratidzira kwega muUK, USA, Spain neParis, inogona kusiyaniswa ne "dhizaini yehuswa boobs, kana kufananidzira kwehondo yevagari." Mufananidzo uyu wakaratidzika kunge uri kutanga kwehondo yevagari muSpain, pamwe ne "jekete rekunyepa" uye "Omar".
Mushure mekushanya kuItaly muna 1936, Dali akatanga kudzungaira hunyanzvi hwerumutsiriro yeItaly. Zvimiro zveChikoro zvakaonekwa mubasa rake, izvo zvakava kumwe kupokana nevashuwa. Anonyora "metamorphosphos narcissa", "Mufananidzo weFreud", "Grew - Salvador Dali", "Autanbalor Dali", "Vavengi Cantibalism", "Spain".
Basa rekupedzisira mune chimiro chekusurirwa ndeye "Kurara kweVenus yake", iyo yakaonekwa yatove muNew York. MuUS, muimbi haangori pakupenda, anogadzira mapepa ekushambadzira, anogadzira zvitoro, anoshanda naDisney uye hitchcock, achivabatsira nekushongedza mafirimu. Panguva imwecheteyo, anonyora zvake anozivikanwa autobiography "hupenyu hwezvinyorwa zveEl Salvador Dali, akanyorwa naye", uyo anotengwa ipapo.
Makore apfuura
Muna 1948, El Salvador Dali anodzokera kuSpain, kuPort Lygat, uye anogadzira "nzou" canvas, kuonesa kurwadzisa kurwadzisa kwehondo uye kuparara. Mukuwedzera, mushure mekuputika kwenyukireya muJapan, vavariro nyowani vanoonekwa pabasa rehunyanzvi, iro rinotsvaga uyo anotarisa kuupenyu hwemamolekora uye maatomu, ati waini, "atomic yakatungamirwa", "kutangira". Vatsoropodzi vakabata izvi canvas kune chimiro chechimiro chisinganzwisisike.
Kubva panguva ino, Dali anotanga kunyora canvas pane zvechitendero, akadai saMadonna port-Lygata, "Chirairo chekupedzisira" Mukupera kwe50s, pane zano reshamwari yake, muzvinabhizimusi Enrik Bernata anovandudza Logo yePupe akakurumbira pane chup-chup's wand, iyo yaive mufananidzo we camomile. Mune fomu yakagadziridzwa, ichiri kushandiswa magadziri ekugadzira.
Muimbi anova chibereko chaicho pambiro yekuti anomuunzira mari inowanzoitika. Salvador naGala vanowanzojairana nemutemo weiyo Mod Coco Chanel uye uve shamwari naye kusvika kumagumo ehupenyu hwake. Mufananidzo unokosha wakapihwa neachirungugira hurefu hwekucheka, izvo zvaakapora kare muhuduku hwake, anova mugumo wenguva yake. Iyo kambani inogadzira chinamato cheiyo muimbi.
Iyo enius inogara ichimutsa paruzhinji nenyaya dzayo. Akaramba achiremerwa nemhuka dzisina kujairika, uye kamwe chete nekufamba famba uchitenderedza guta neyemiziri, iyo inosimbiswa nemifananidzo yakawanda mumashoko mazhinji emashoko.
Zuva rezuva rekusika biography of the Artist rakatanga mumakore makumi manomwe nekuda kwekutsunga kwehutano hwake. Asi zvakadaro ndokupa nguva dzose kuburitsa mazano matsva. Mumakore ezvinhu aya, anogadzirisa nzira ye stereoscopic yetsamba uye inogadzira pendi "Polygidras", "Fishmarliner", "Ole, Ole, Velaquez! Gabor! ". Spanish gentius anotanga kuvaka imba hombe-museum mu figuene, iyo yakanzi "mhepo imba yemhepo". Mariri, muimbi akarongwa kuti aise zvakanyanya pendi yake.
Mukutanga kwa80s, El Salvador Dali anogashira mibairo mizhinji uye mubairo kubva kuHurumende yeSpain, yakagadzirwa neiyo purofesa wezvedzidzo yeiyo paris. Mukuda kwake, izvo zvakaitwa parufu mushure mekufa, Dali, muimbi eccentric akataura kuti mamiriro ake ese ari madhora gumi emamiriyoni anonzi Spain.
Rufu
Muma 70s, Salvador anotanga kuwedzera kupindirana kwechirwere chake chepfungwa. Izvo zvinonyanya kupera simba nekufungidzira, uye zvakare zvine chekuita nekuwedzeredza kwemishonga yepfungwa ayo vanachiremba vanomupa. Vanachiremba havasina chikonzero vakatenda kuti vakapihwa naSchizophrenia, iyo yakagamuchira complication muchimiro cheParkinson chirwere.
Zvishoma nezvishoma, kusagadzikana kwechirongo kwakatanga kubvisa kugona kuchengeta brashi muruoko rwake uye kunyora pendi. Rufu rwemukadzi wake waanoda muna 1982 pakupedzisira rakadyara muimbi, uye kwenguva yakati pane imwe nguva muchipatara nekuzvimba kwemapapu. Pashure pemakore manomwe, mwoyo wehukuru hwekare haudzikamwi, uye anofa nekushomeka kweMyancardial musi waFebruary 23, 1989. Saka zvakapera nhoroondo yerudo rwevaimbi yerudzi rwaDali uye museum yake Galyya.