Biography
Sergey Aleksandrovich Yesenin iri huru yeRussia nhetembo. Mazhinji emabasa ake ndeapi Novokresia nhetembo, lyrics. Gare gare, kusika kunoenderana nezvekurapa, sezvo ichitarisira mifananidzo yakawanda yakashandiswa, fananidzo.
Zuva rekuzvarwa kwekunyora hunyanzvi ndiSeptember 21, 1895. Anobva kuRYazan Province, Kontantinovka Village (Kuzminskaya Parishi). Naizvozvo, mabasa mazhinji anozvipira kuda kuRussia, kune akawanda matsva Novkrestendi lyrics. Mamiriro emari emhuri yetemberi haakwanise kunzi kunyange kushivirira, nekuti vabereki vake vaive varombo.
Ivo vese vaive verudzi rwevarombo, uye saka vakamanikidzwa kushanda zvakanyanya basa remuviri. Baba vaSergey, Alexander Nikitich, akapfuudzawo nzira refu. Semwana, aifarira kuimba muchechi yechechi, aive neakanaka izwi data. Paakakura, akatamira kubasa muchitoro achitengesa nyama.
Mhosva yakamubatsira kuwana chinzvimbo chakanaka muMoscow. Yakanga iripo kuti akave anokambaira, mari yemhuri yakakwira. Asi izvi hazvina kushanda semufaro kumurume / amai vehemedu. Iye akange achiri kushoma kuona murume wake, izvo zvaisakwanisa kukanganisa hukama hwavo.
Chimwe chikonzero chokurasa mumhuri yaive chokwadi chekuti mushure mekutama baba muMoscow, mukomana akatanga kurarama sekuru vake sekuru vake, baba vamai vake. Yakanga iripo kuti akagamuchira dzidzo yechirume, ayo babamunini vake vatatu vaibatwa nenzira yake. Sezvo vaisave nenguva yekuwana mhuri dzavo, vakaedza kubhadhara zvakawanda kumukomana.
Babamunini vese vaisazadzikiswa vana vazukuru vazukuru pamusoro pehutsamwa, hwakasiyana nehasha uye pamwe nekuita zvakaipa kwehudiki. Vakadzidzisa mukomana kuti akwire bhiza nenzira isina kujairika: muise pamusoro pebhiza, iyo yakamhanyisa negalop. Zvakare, kudzidziswa kwekushambira murwizi kwaive kwakaitikawo kana zvishoma kuti Esenin akangokanda zvishoma nezvishoma kubva muchikepe zvakananga mumvura.
Kana ari amai vehetembo, akafuridzirwa nekuparadzaniswa nemurume wake paaive ari mushumo murefu muMoscow. Akawana basa muRyazan, kwavakanodanana naIvan Razguleeva. Mukadzi akabva Alexander Nikitich uye akatozvara mwana wechipiri kubva kumhirizhonga nyowani. Hama yakasarudzika yainzi Alexander. Gare gare, vabereki vachiri kuungazve, Sergey aive nehanzvadzi mbiri: Katya naAlexander.
Dzidzo
Pashure pedzidzo yeimba yakadaro, mhuri iyi yakafunga kutumira Seryo kudzidzisa kuKonstantinovskaya Zemstvo Chikoro. Akadzidza ikoko kubva pamakore mapfumbamwe kusvika gumi nemana uye akasiyaniswa kwete chete nekugona kwake, asiwo maitiro akaipa. Naizvozvo, mugore rimwe rekudzidza, nekutsigira maneja wechikoro, iye akasara kwegore repiri. Asi ichiri mitengo yekupedza kudzidza yaive yakakwirira zvakanyanya.
Panguva ino, vabereki venguva yemberi genius vakasarudza kugara pamwe zvakare. Mukomana akatanga kusvika kumba kwake kumba kuzororo. Apa akaenda kumupristi weko, uyo aive nemaraibhurari ekuridza nemabhuku evanyori vakasiyana. Akanyatsodzidza mavhoriyamu mazhinji, ayo aisakwanisa kukanganisa kuumbwa kwake kwekusika.
Apedza chikoro cheZemskaya, akachinjira kuParishi, raive mumusha wekupenga-kurira. Yatova muna 1909, mushure memakore mashanu ekudzidza, Jesu akapedza kudzidza kubva kuZemstvo Chikoro muKonstantinovka. Kurota kwemhuri yake kwaive kuti muzukuru wakati ave mudzidzisi. Aikwanisa kuishandisa mushure mekudzidziswa muna Saturis klepika.
Izvo zvaive ipapo kuti akapedza kudzidza kubva kune wechipiri-kirasi mudzidzisi wechikoro. Akashandawo pakusvika kwechechi, sezvakananga munguva idzodzo. Ikozvino pane museum yakatsaurirwa kubasa reiyi huru nhetembo. Asi mushure mekugamuchira dzidzo yekudzidzisa, hongunin akafunga kuenda kuMoscow.
MuMoscov yakazara nevanhu, vaifanira kushanda muchitoro chenyama, uye mumba yekutandara. Muchengeteko, baba vake vakarongwa, nekuti jaya racho raifanira kukumbira kubatsirwa nebasa rake. Ipapo akamuronga muhofisi, mairi ESenin akakurudzira Jobho anoshamisa.
Paakashanda mumba yekudhinda seyechibatsiri, akakurumidza kuita shamwari nenhetembo dzepamhepo dzeSurikov kuverenga uye mimhanzi denderedzwa. Zvichida izvi zvakakanganiswa nenyaya yekuti muna 1913 Haana kuita, asi yakava muteereri akasununguka weCity University University Yenyunivhesiti yeVanhu. Ikoko akashanyira hurukuro dzezvakaitika kare uye nehunyanzvi hwemafungu.
Zvisikwa
Chinangwa chenhetembo dzekunyora dzakazvarwa kuEsenin dzichiri muSatirw Klepika, kwaaidzidza pachikoro cheparamende. Nomuzvarirwo, mabasa aya aive neyekunamata kwemweya, asati apinda nemazwi ekurira. Basa rakadaro rinogona kuverengerwa kuti: "Nyeredzi", "hupenyu hwangu". Kana mudetembi aive muMoscow (1912-1915), saka kwaive ipapo vakatanga mamwe maitiro ake ekuvimba epeni.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti panguva ino mumabasa ake:
- Yakashandiswa nhetembo kushandiswa kwemifananidzo. Kuyambuka yeNafuli Nounyanzvi kufungidzira, yakatwasuka kana inotakurika mifananidzo.
- Pakati peino nguva, iyo Novokrandst mufananidzo waitsanangurwa.
- Izvo zvaigoneka kuti uone chiratidzo chekuRussia, sezvo denderedzwa aida basa reAlexander BLOK.
Basa rekutanga rakadhindwa raive nhetembo "Bereza". Vanyori venhoroondo vanoziva kuti kana kunyora kwakaita Jesu akafemerwa neA.Feta mabasa aPleta. Ipapo akatora ari pseudinominm ariston, pasina kusarudza kutumira nhetembo pasi pezita rake rekudhinda. Akabudiswa muna 1914 Magazini Magazini.
Iri bhuku rekutanga "Radunitsa" rakaburitswa muna 1916. Zvakanditengeranisawo chidzidzo choRussia, nekuti jaya racho rakatamira kuPetrograd uye vakatanga kutaurirana nevanyori vane mukurumbira uye nhetembo:
- Cm. Goroodetsky.
- Z.n. Hippius.
- D.v. Vazivi.
- A. A. Vimba.
Mu "Radunce" pane zvese zvevatorwa zvinyorwa, uye kufanana kwakawanda pakati pezvisikwa uye pamweya, sezvo zita rebhuku rinoshanda zuva ravanokudza vakafa. Ipapo kusvika kwechitubu chiri kuitika, mukuremekedza vanhu venyeredzi vanoimba nziyo dzechinyakare. Uku kubatana nechisikigo, iko kugadziridzwa kwayo uye nekuremekedza avo vakasiya.
Maitiro enhetembi ari kuchinja, sezvaanotanga kupfeka zvishoma zvinoshamisa uye zvinoshamisa. Muchengetedzi waKlyimi, akaachaira kubva 1915 kusvika 1917, anogona kuikanganisa. Nhetembo yemunhu mudiki akazoteerera kune hanya uye s.m. Goroodetsky, uye iyo Great Alexander Blok.
Muna 1915, nhetembo ye "Cherry" yakanyorwa, maari maari uye muti uyu nehunhu hwevanhu. Cherry sekunge ikaitika kune hupenyu uye kuratidza manzwiro ake. Mushure mekufona kwehondo muna 1916, Sergey akatanga kutaurirana neboka remaheti eNovokrestest.
Nekuda kwekuunganidzwa kwakaburitswa, kusanganisira iyo "Radunitsa", yesenin yakagamuchira Wider Wall. Iye akasvika muMherress chaizvo Alexandra Fedorovna. Aiwanzodaidza kuti Jeenin kumusha wehumambo kuti agone kuverenga mabasa ake kuna iye nevanasikana vake.
Muna 1917, shanduko yakaitika, iyo yakaratidzwa mumabasa aGunyana. Akagamuchira "mweya wechipiri" uye, akafuridzirwa, akasarudza kusunungura nhetembo ya1917 inonzi "kushandurwa". Akakonzera rudzidziso rukuru uye kunyange kutsoropodzwa, sezvo kwaive akawanda unotonga majasi mazviri. Ivo vese vakamiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, mune stylistic yeTestamente Yekare.
Kuona kwenyika kwakashandurwa, kuzvipira kuchechi. Mudetembi akatotaura izvi pakavhurwa mune imwe yenhetembo yake. Ipapo akatanga kufamba-famba uye akachena chena, akatanga kutaura neboka renhetembo "VaSitiya". Basa rekupera kwemakumi maviri ndedzekuti:
- Bhuku rePETROGRAD "NGUVA" (1918).
- Iyo yechipiri edition ye "Radunitsa" (1918).
- Nhevedzano yeMubatanidzwa we1918-1920: Shanduko uye Ruwa Nguva.
Nguva yeiyo Imazhinism yakatanga muna1919. Pasi payo zvinoreva kushandiswa kwehuwandu hwemifananidzo yakakura, madimikira. Sergey inogoneswa nerutsigiro rweV.E. Shershevich uye zvigadzikiso boka rake rakanyura uye tsika yemuterembudzi, chimiro cheBoris pastrak. Musiyano wakakosha kwaive chokwadi chekuti mabasa akaiswa mune zvakasikwa, akafungidzira kuverenga kwakavhurika pamberi pemutariri.
Izvi zvakabatanidza boka remukurumbira mukurumbira kubva kumashure kwemamiriro ezvinhu akajeka ekuita nekunyorera. Vakabva vakanyorwa:
- "Sorokoot" (1920).
- Pougachem's nhetembo (1921).
- Kubata "makiyi aMary" (1919).
Zvinozivikanwawo kuti pakutanga kwemakumi maviri Sergey akatanga kuita basa remabhuku, akarenda chitoro chekutengesa mabhuku akadhindwa. Aive ari hombe nikitskaya. Iri basa rakamuunzira mari uye kukanganisa zvishoma kubva kune kugona.
Mushure mekutaurirana uye kuchinjana kwemaonero, nzira dzenyama dzaA. Marioneof, Yesenin yakanyorwa:
- "Kureurura kweHuligan" (1921), kuzvipira kuAltress Augustus Miklavevskaya. Mukukudzwa kwake, nhetembo nomwe dzinobva kune imwe kutenderera yakanyorwa.
- "Tradranik" (1921).
- "Handizvidembi, ini handicheme" (1924).
- "Skandalist nhetembo" (1923).
- "Moscow kabatskaya" (1924).
- "Tsamba kumukadzi" (1924).
- "Tsamba yaamai" (1924), ndeipi imwe yenhetembo dzakanakisa dzeLyrical. Kwakanyorwa kusati kwasvika pamberi peEsenin kumusha kwake uye ndakazvipira kuna mai vake.
- "Motifs" (1924). Mukuunganidza iwe unogona kuona nhetembo "Shagana iwe, Shagana".
Mushure meizvozvo, nhetembo yakatanga kufamba kazhinji. GEOGRAPHY YAKO YEMAHARA haina kungogumira kune imwe Orenburg uye Urals, akatoshanyira Central Asia, Tashkent, uye kunyange Samarkand. MuUrda, aigara achienda kunzvimbo dzemuno (Teahouse), akafamba neguta rekare, akatanga munhu watsva. Yakanga yakafuridzirwa neUzbek nhetembo, mimhanzi yemabvazuva, pamwe nekugadzira kwemigwagwa yemuno.
Mushure mewanano, nzendo dzakawanda kuEurope dzakatevera: Italy, France, kuGermany nedzimwe nyika. Yesenin akararama kunyange mwedzi mishoma muAmerica (1920-1923), mushure mezvinyorwa izvo zvakaitwa nezviratidzo zvekugara munyika ino. Vakadhindwa muIzvestsia uye vanonzi Simbi Mirgorod.
Pakati pemakumi maviri, rwendo rwekufamba-famba rwakaitwa. Pane fungidziro yekuti yaive munzvimbo ino iyo yekuunganidza "tsvuku kumabvazuva" yakagadzirwa. Akasunungurwa muCaucasus Dhinda, mushure mezvo muna 1925 Chiedza chakaona nhetembo "meseji neyeevhangeri". Nguva yeiyo Imazhinism yakapfuurira kusvika nguva yekukakavara neAGIUS neA. B. Marienaf.
Zvakare, v. Mayakovsky aionekwa seanopokana uye anozivikanwa anopikisa eNinin. Asi panguva imwe chete iyoyo ivo havana kuratidza kuvenga paruzhinji, kunyange vaiwanzo vasangana ne pahuma. Zvese zvinhu zvakashoropodzwa uye kutotiremekedza basa reumwe neumwe.
Soviet Chiremera
Mushure mekunge Sergey akasarudza kuputsa nekusavimbika, akatanga kupa zvikonzero zvinowanzoita zvekutsoropodza maitiro ake. Semuenzaniso, nguva dzose mushure me 1924 yakatanga kubuda zvakasiyana siyana zvinowedzera zvekuwedzera zvaakaonekwa mune yakadhakwa kana yakarongedzwa robhi, nyonganiso mukugadzirwa.
Asi maitiro aya aingova hooliganism. Nekuda kwemabhonasi emabhonasi evanoda-vakashatirwa, zviitiko zvakati wandei zvakavhurwa pakarepo, izvo zvakavharwa. Kuremekedza kwavo ndiko nyaya ina nhetembo, umo kupomerwa kweanti-Semitism yaive. Panguva ino, hutano hwekunyora hunyanzvi hwakazungunuswa.
Kana ari mafungiro eSoviet Simba, ainetseka nezve mamiriro enhetembi. Kune mavara ekupupurira kuti zuva rezzhsky inokumbirwa kubatsira uye kuchengetedza Yesenin. Ivo vane kuti Sergey akaisa mushandi weGPU, iyo yaisazomupa kurara. Zuva rezhinsky akapindura chikumbiro uye akakwezva iye pasi, izvo hazvina kumbobvira zvawana sergey.
Hupenyu Hwako
Anna Ferzzhanova aive mukadzi wevagari veEsenin. Akasangana naye paakamboshanda sechibatsiri chemubatsiri mumba yekudhinda. Mhedzisiro yemuchato uyu yaive yekuzvarwa kweMwanakomana waYuri. Asi muchato waisakwanisa kuramba kwenguva yakareba, kubva muna 1917, Sergey akaroora Zinaida Reich. Pakati peino nguva, vana vaviri vakazvarwa pakarepo - Konstantin naTatiana. Uyu mubatanidzwa zvakare hwakazova nekukurumidza.
Muwanano yepamutemo, nhetembo yakabatana neAshor Duncan, uyo ane hunyanzvi hwekutamba. Iyi nyaya yerudo yakarangarirwa kune vakawanda, sezvo hukama hwavo hwaive hwakanaka, romantic uye chikamu cheveruzhinji. Mukadzi uyu aive mutambi anozivikanwa muAmerican, uyo akatsungirira kufarira kweruzhinji kune muchato uyu.
Panguva imwecheteyo, Isadora anga akura kupfuura mumwe wake, asi musiyano wacho pazera haana kupindira.
Sergey Duncan akasangana mumushandi wega wega muna 1921. Ipapo vakatanga kufamba pamwe neEurope yose pamwe chete, uye zvakare zvakare mwedzi mina muAmerican - vari kumusha kwevatengesi. Asi mushure mekudzoka nekuda kwekunze, imba yakamiswa. Mukadzi wacho akatevera akazova Sophia Tolstaya, uyo aive hama yeiyo yakakurumbira classic, mubatanidzwa wakatorawo pasi pegore.
Zvakare, hupenyu hwaIsi hwakabatana nevamwe vakadzi. Semuenzaniso, galina Benislavskaya aive munyori wake wega. Aigara ari pedyo naye, pamwe achishandisa hupenyu hwake kumurume uyu.
Chirwere uye Rufu
Esenin aive aine matambudziko nedoro, izvo zvaindizivikanwa kwete kune vaunoziva, asiwo ndivowo pachavo. Muna 1925, iyo huru igudzo yakarapwa muchirongwa chekiriniki yakabhadharwa yeMosco, ichinyanya kufanana ne psychoneloglogical dambudziko. Asi atova musi waDecember 21, kurapwa kwacho kwakapera kana, kungavhiringidzwa pachikumbiro cheSergey iye amene.
Akasarudza kusimuka kwenguva pfupi kugara muLeningrad. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, akapandukira basa neapo goseizdat uye akabvisa mari yake yese iri pamusoro pehurumende nhoroondo. MuLeningrad, aigara muhotera uye aigara achitaura nevanyori vakasiyana: V. I. Erlich, G. F. USTINOV, N. N. NIN NIKITIN.
Rufu rweiyi nhetembo huru zvisingatarisirwi Zvita 28, 1928. Hapachina mamiriro ezvinhu umo Jesu akasara hupenyu, pamwe nekuda kwekufa. Zvakaitika musi waDecember 28, 1925, uye mariro amene akapfuura muMosco, apo guva renyama riripo.
Pausiku hwaDecember 28, nhetembo yemuporofita yekupa mhosva yakanyorwa. Naizvozvo, vamwe vanyori venhoroondo vanoreva kuti manyoro akazviuraya, asi ichi hachisi chokwadi chakaratidzwa.
Muna 2005, firimu reRussia "yesenin" rakasimudzwa, umo Sergekoy Bezrenkov akaridza basa guru. Zvakare izvi zvisati zvabviswa zvakateerana "mudetembi". Mabasa ese ari maviri akazvipira kuGreat Russian Gumi uye akagamuchira mhinduro yakanaka.
Chokwadi chinonakidza
- Makore mashoma eSergey ane makore mashanu ainyora zvisingaite, saanotengeswa vake vakapata amai vake. Mukadzi wacho akatumira naiwo baba pakuchengetedza mwanakomana. Baba panguva ino vaishanda muMoscow.
- Pazera ramakore mashanu, mukomana akatogona kuverenga.
- Kuchikoro, Jesu akapihwa zita rekuti "musina", sezvo sekuru vake vakacheneka kubva kuChechi hunyanzvi.
- Muna 1915, sevhisi yakatanga muuto rine kunonoka kwakatevera. Ipapo Sergey yakasimuka kuti ive pamauto mauto, asi yatove seyakawana.