Biography
Iyo biography yeiyi inopenya kuremara, spyware uye ine mbiri yekungwarira mumiririri, clumsy, asi dancer yakanaka, isina kunaka, asi panguva ino mukadzi anoshamisa uye nhasi kufara kwepfungwa dzevakararama. Mata Hari achiri kugadzira mindangu akawanda akakomberedza pachezvake pachavo, panguva yechiitiko chezana ramakumi maviri - achingoziva simba rekushambadzira kwechifananidzo uye kuti ndedzipi nyeredzi dzazvino dzekushandiswa kwebhizinesi neiyo nguva yekugara chidiki chidiki.
Zvichida, saka, nyaya dzepfungwa dzevakakurumbira "dzinotyisa" dzinosiyana nenzira yekuti zvakaoma kubvisa fungidziro yekuti vakanyorwa nezvevakadzi vakasiyana zvachose. Biography yeMata Hari inhamba yakawanda yengano, uye nevamwe chete ivo chete vakasimbiswa neruzivo neruzivo rwevakwidzi.
Kunzwisisa kwakajeka kweizvo mukadzi uyu anoshamisa kwaive muchokwadi, uye kuti akafuridzira sei nhoroondo yehondo yenyika yekutanga, aiwa ikozvino, nekuti magwaro e "maty nhasi uye nhasi haana kuziviswa neFrance Side. Uye muna 2000 yakawanikwa kuti kubva mumusiyamu weAnatomy muParishi akanyangarika asina tsananguro yakanyangarika yakasara ye "machira makuru e" machira makuru e "machira makuru e" machira makuru e "machira makuru epasi rose". Zvinoratidzika kune mumwe munhu mumazuva edu ini handidi kuvhura chokwadi chose nezvake.
Zita chairo Hari - Margaret Gertrude Zell. Akazvarwa muna Nyamavhuvhu 7, 1876 muLeuuwarden, guta guru reimwe yemaprovince maprovince - Frigeland. Musikana uyu aive mwana wechipiri uye mwanasikana chete waAdamu Zell uye Aniate Van der Gerlen. Pamusoro pake, vana vatatu vakura mumhuri yeZereri. Mhuri yacho yakachengetedzwa chaizvo - musoro wake waive neheti shopu uye yakawana purofiti inofungidzirwa kubva mukudyara mumaindasitiri eoiri.
Vana vakapinda chikoro cheElite uye hapana chavanoda, asi zvese zvakadonha usiku hwakawira pamusoro paAdamu Zell rakaputswa. Mhuri ichitevera matambudziko ekunyama: Vabereki vakarambana kana mwanasikana wavo aine makore gumi nematatu. Uye apo Gret radhinura gumi nemashanu, Amai kubva kune vakawira pamusoro pake, uye kutambudzika vakafa.
Baba vakatumira mwanasikana wavo nekukurumidza kuva baba vake vakayambuka mutaundi rekudya kuchamhembe kweNetherlands. Mubvunzo wamuka pamusoro pekutenderwa nemusikana wedzidzo, zvakasarudzwa kutumira margaret kumaodzanyemba kwenyika, kuguta reLeiden, uko zell zell, uko zera raive kugadzirira dzidzo dzemberi dzevatsigiri. Ikoko, runako rwechidiki kekutanga rwaizivikanwa kuti aigona kuteya varume: Akanyengera nemutungamiriri wechikoro.
Baba vakayambuka vaifanira kubvapo nekukurumidza vachipfuura nemusikana kubva kune epicenter yekunyora. Asi kuti ararame mumamiriro ezvinhu ePuritan ane akasarudzika akanzwa rusununguko greth asisachida: Mushure memwedzi mishoma gare gare akapukunyuka kubabamunini vake muhugusi. Asi uye ikoko, mamiriro ezvinhu akange anonyara uye akasimba, runako rwemakore 18-makore akasarudza kuti aida kusununguka.
Pane imwe nguva akawana pepanhau mumugwagwa ane kushambadzira uye akanyatsokurukura ikholamu, uko varume vakasurukirwa vaitsvaga shamwari dzehupenyu. Sarudzo yemusikana akawira pane mumwe-ane makore 39 ekukura Rudolph mac-loda. Kashoma kujairana, vaviri vaviri nemusiyano ane makore makumi maviri okutanga pazera rakasarudza kusanganisa muchato wepamutemo. Pakanga pasina kutaura nezve chero rudo: graten chaiyo yaida kutiza kubva ku "sero" rusununguko.
Mhuri
Zvichida pakutanga kweMargaret Margared Gertrud Gertrud uye akarota hupenyu hwemhuri hunofadza, asi chokwadi chakakurumidza kutonhorera chishuvo chavo chekuvaka munhu anotarisisa. Mushure mekutamira kuIndonesia Island yeJava, mushure mekutamira kuIndonesia Island yeJava (Ipapo The Dutch East India) yakatanga Kutenda uye yakashandura pachena Wawakaroora. Nenguva isipi mac-bhenegi akatendeuka hupenyu hwekukwidziridzwa kugehena: mukutadza mubasa, akapomera mudzimai wake, mune yakadhakwa iwe, kutsamwa paari nevana vadiki.
Maererano nerumwe ruzivo, ramangwana rurtyBankka chaizvo paJava mune zvese zvakakomba, mukutsiva kumurume asiriye achichinja nevakuru vechidiki. Mushure meimwe yedzinza remumba, akatamira kune wechidiki mudiwa - Wang Redareu Dutch Officer. Nekuda kwekuvaraidza, Margaret akatanga kushanyira boka rekutamba, umo hutsika hwendudzi chete dzakadzidziswa, asiwo kutamba kwenyika.
Mushure mechinguva, murume wake anokurudzira mumwe wake kuti vadzokere. Akapa nzira yake yekukumbira, asi munguva pfupi, upenyu hwake hwekare hwakadzoka: zvakare nyonganiso, kudhakwa kwechido uye kupandukira. Kanganwa kumukadzi mudiki akabatsira chete shungu dzekutamba uye kunyudzwa mutsika dzemunharaunda. Maererano nerumwe ruzivo, raive kuJava Greta kekutanga, Mata Hari akazvidana kuti mukushandurirwa kubva kuMalalay airatidza se "ziso rezuva." Iyo ngano inotaura kuti saka mukadzi akanyoreswa mune rimwe retsamba kuhama muna 1890s.
Muna 1899, mhuri iyi yakatambura nekusuwa kunotyisa: Mwanakomana ane makore maviri uye mwanakomana wake wekare haana kufira mufurawa. Chikonzero cherufu rwemukomana hachisati chazajeka: Maererano neruzivo rwakafa kubva pamanzwiro eSyphilisi, mumwe munhu anobva kuvabereki vake. Mwanasikana waJeanne-Louise, Jean Siohl akapona (akafa aine makore makumi maviri nemasere, uye chikonzero cherufu chakashongedzerwa yaive syphilis).
Muchirimo cha1902, vakaroora vadzokera kuNetherlands. Ikoko, ngarava yemhuri yakazopedzisira yadonha muzvikamu, pasina kurova kwakawanda pamusoro pehupenyu hwehupenyu: Zerel uye Mac-Gwedede akarambana. Iye murume akaramba kubhadhara fungidziro yeaimbova mukadzi uye akasarudza mwanasikana wake.
Dancer Mata Hari.
Mata Hari aive padanho rehurombo uye akafunga kuenda mukutsvaga mari yekuwana mumwenje inopenya. Gare gare, paakabvunzwa kuti nei akasarudza Paris, mukadzi akadonhedza achiti: "Handizive, asi ndinofunga kuti vakadzi vese vakapukunyuka kubva kuvarume vake vanokwevera kuParis."
Greta akaedza kuwana simulator, asi kuzivisa artist artists akaramba kumunyararo nekuda kwekuchema kudiki. Ipapo mukadzi uyu akarangarira hunyanzvi hwekutyairwa muIndonesia uye akagara mu circus molie, kwaaitaura pasi peiyo pseudominm yemukadzi weMukadzi zvivi.
Mukadzi akajaira auxury haana kukodzera mukadzi, uye akatanga kutsvaga nzira yekuwana imwe uye kupwanya muchitatu chepfu paris. Uye akabva akarangarira kugona kwake kutamba uye kuita kwevarume vaaiperekedza zviitiko zvaro pachitsuwa.
Kutamba-exotic kutamba nekusimbiswa kweErotica yakaita kuti ive yakasimba zvakanyanya kufungidzira paFrench. Panguva iyoyo, pfungwa yemidziyo yerudzi chaive chitsva kune yakasarudzika yeruzhinji: Yakanga iri pane ichi chisirizvo uye kutaura kwekutaura kwezvinhu zvevatauri veMata
Rake rakabudirira Dutu raitika muna Kurume 1905 mune yakakurumbira museum yeEast art museum yemuse yeEast Runako runoshanduka rwakada chaizvo indasitiri rakapfuma kwazvo, an art connoisseur uye museum akabata Monsieur Gime, vakasarudza kubatsira vadiki vetsiva mubato rake. Maererano nerudzi rumwe ruzivo, ndiye akauya naJavanese Dancer Stage Name Mata Hari. Mharidzo yake pakati pezviratidziro zveumuse mune iyo yakasvibirira chipfeko kubva kuMonsiEur Gime Kuunganidzwa kwakaburitsa furore. Dhanzi erotic yakapera nekuwisirwa kwakazara kwemusikana akasiya chete mashoni uye pearl mutsipa.
Triumph Mati Hari akaitika pamaziso ezvakakanganisika nezvakaitika mumumiriri weJapan neGermany, pamwe nevashanyi vakasarudzwa. Husiku huno hwakazova shanduko yehupenyu hwejira. Greta akaputika muna mwari weParis uye akagadziriswa zvakasimba panzvimbo dzake. Kutamba kwazvinoita mukusanganiswa neEast Extuiciki kuve nekubudirira kusingaenzaniswi mune zvese zviyero zveParis. Pepanhau La Vie Aarisienne rinotsanangura mharidzo yeramangwana "Spy Nhamba 1" mune Museum:
"Izvi zvakanyatsoita Brahmann Dances Madame Mata Hari vakadzidza kuJava kubva muJava kubva muMupristi weIndia. Kutamba uku kuchengetwa kwakavanzika. Mukudzika kwematembere, chete brahmans uye devadasi anogona kucherechedza. "
Zvichida yaive imwe yengano dzekutanga dzakauya naMata Hari naFaron Monsieur Gime. Vazhinji vakatanga kutaura nezve mutambi asina kujairika uyo akakurira paJava uye akaunza mumatembere eIndia, kwaakatambura hunyanzvi hwekutamba kwekuvanzika. Iye ari nani "kuna vatori venhau vane nyaya pamusoro pezvaakanga aine mwanasikana waMambo weIndia Edward Vii uye imwe yemuchinda weIndia, akati," Akarerwa nevapristi veTembere muKanda Svwi, gumi nenhatu Makore ari muchimiro chisina kupfeka akatamba mutembere uye zvakafanana.
Vagari vemazuva ano vaHari gogo vava nemanyowa emazuva ano, izvo zveavo vasina kukwana mumazuva iwayo vekumadokero kwaive chinhu chinokatyamadza uye chinonakidza panguva imwe chete.
Nyeredzi itsva yeParis yakakwira, yakakwirisa nekutaura kwake neSeador Duncan Duncan, uyo, akasiya chinhu chimwe chete - kwaingoenda kuRuboshwe kweruzhinji: MuRussia iri kure, mukumbundikira kweSergei hongunin.
Zvichakadaro, Mata Hari anotendeuka kuva chidzitiro cheElite, kuti aswedere pedyo nevakuru vepamusoro uye Bohemia France neGermany vakatenda. Ivo vanovanduka, vangangoita muguta rega rega reEurope reMargaret vaive vakakurumbira vadiwa avo vaipinda zvishongo zvake nemari. Zvakangodaro, Mata Hari anogara achida mari uye akatora chikwereti. Ivo vanoti, chikonzero cheizvozvo chaive chisiri chingangopara uye tsika dzakasarudzika, asiwo rudo rwemitambo yekubhejera.
Iro zita reMati Hari rinova risingamiriri: Inoonekwa pamazita efodya, mabhokisi ane mabhisikiti eDutch uye maswiti, pane zvikwangwani. Babe slappete baba vanonyora nezvebhuku rake rakabuda muna 1906 uye rinonzi "nhoroondo yehupenyu hwemwanasikana wangu uye zvandaita kune wake waaimbova mukadzi wake." Akauya nemubhadharo wakakura kunaMunyori, uye dancer yakakura kupfuura muEurope.
Mata Hari anoita mune yakakurumbira salons yeParis uye katatu muimba yeBaron Rothschild. Uku kukunda kwakapona shure kwekutaura kuri kuitika kwenziyo yeOlympia Theatre. Paris, London, New York mapepanhau anonyora nezvake, achidana chishamiso, pearl, maGeriyasi emapurasitiki emutambo, maoko, maziso, miromo uye muviri wese. Zvichakadaro, aimbova mukadzi waimbova matain Hari anoti haana kumboziva kutamba, uye kazhinji margaret flat.
Munguva yechando ya1906, Mata Hari akagamuchira vhiki mbiri-vhiki kuwanda muMadrid. Kubva ipapo, anotasva muMonte Carlo, kwaakakumbirwa kutamba mumarisa eballet. Familing Jacuciko Adccini Advu Anomumutsa maruva ake kwaari, uye jules massesel anowira murudo naye.
Espionage
Muzhizha ra1906, Mata Hari akaitwa muBerlin, kwaakasangana nekutanga kwehondo yenyika yekutanga. Pano aive nemudiwa mutsva - muridzi wepfuma muridzi wemucheto uye akaremerwa Alfred Kipert. Akakoka runako kuna Silesia, uko mauto ehondo akaitwa munaGunyana.
Mata Hari, mugari weNetherlands, akatadza kusiya Germany uyo apinda muhondo. Heino anovharirwa kakawanda, kufungira kubatana neuchenjeri hweRussia. Asi mukadzi akakwanisa kubuda pamba, kwaakararama kwemwedzi yakati wandei. Iyo Netherlands inoita kunge yakajairwa nehupenyu hwepfumi uye nyika inopenya curtisank zvakare, inodzokera kuParis, kwairi mumba memubatiri.
Hupenyu uhwo hwunoshandiswa kuita mata. Kudonha: Kufamba muEurope kwakamuomera nekuda kwekusunzika kwekurambidzwa kunofamba nenyika dzinotora chikamu muhondo. Zelele inofamba pakati peNetherlands neFrance, kuita kazhinji kufamba neSpain neBritain, sezvo nzvimbo dzenyika mbiri dzakaparadzaniswa nemutsara wekumberi.
Kufamba kakawanda kwaMata Hari kwakafarikanya kupokana neFrance kupokana, nekuti kugara kweGerman kwakashanda muSpain.
Nguva chaiyo uye mamiriro ekuunganidzwa kwematamba eNetherlands haazivikanwe nhasi. French counterintintelligrents aitenda kuti Mata Hari akatorwa pamberi pehondo. Ruzivo rwekutanga nderekuti mukadzi ari kusekerera kuGermany, French akaoneka muna 1916. Meta Hari akanzwisisa kuti akaziviswa, iye amene akauya kuFranceIntelligrence uye akapa masevhisi avo.
Kuti ayedze mumiririri mutsva, akatumirwa pakutanga muna 1917 kuna Madrid, achivimba madiki mishoni. Pano, kufungidzira muEspionage kwakasimbiswa: iyo H-21 Agent yakatendeuka pamusoro peFrench (zita rakadaro rekodhi rakagashirwa mata) kugona kweGerman kwakarairwa kuti udzokere kuParis. Ruzivo rweFrance rwakagamuchirwa neradio rwendo.
Mafungiro evatsvagiri nezvezviitiko zveMati Hari vakasiyana kwazvo. Vamwe vanomuona mukadzi akangwara uyo akatungamira basa rekushandurwa, akaunzwa munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzezvematongerwo enyika nemauto enyika dzikakwikwidzwa naani Gramy. Vamwe vanopokana kuti Mata Hari Haisi Chinyorwe, akatungamira mararamiro chaiwo akaenzana, achigadzira halo yekushamisa kwakamupoteredza uye kuwana mari yakanaka kubva kumativi ese.
Bioiraphers anofungidzira kuti spy hombe yaive nevanopfuura zana vanofarira kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo. Asi vazhinji vanotenda kuti rudo rwechokwadi rwaMata Hari naro - mutyairi weRussia Vadim Maslov, akashanda muFrance Aviation.
Mata Hari akasangana naye kumagumo ehupenyu hwake, muna 1916. Vadim Maslov aive nemakore makumi maviri nemasere, uye aive nemakumi mana emakore, murume wechidiki akanaka aive wezera remwanakomana akafa Greta zell, asi akadanana nejaya racho nekuchiva. Zvinoenderana nerumwe ruzivo, MASLOV uye Mata Hari aida kuroora, asi vadim vakatumira kumberi, kwaakawana ronda rakaoma ndokurasikirwa nemeso ake. Anonzi, muFrance's Fron-mutsara muchipatara muFrance, mukadzi ane rudo akamhanya. Kuti izvi zviitike, akakumbira kuuto reFrance, asi ivo vakaisa mamiriro ezvinhu: kuwana chakavanzika data kubva kuchiuto cheGerman. Mata Hari akabvuma. Kuti aite izvi, akaendeswa kuMadrid, uko mumiririri H-21 akatenderwa akaenda akaziviswa.
Iko kune vhezheni iyo Germany inozivisa zvakanyanya ruremekedzo rwefrance's radiohation kuti ubvise mumiririri maviri.
Rudo rweMatin Hari naAdim Maslov, vangangodaro, rimwe ngano rakanaka remachira. Iko kune vhezheni iyo yeiyo vadim maslov "Rudo" neiyo yakakurumbira Spy Dancer yaive ingori intrigue.
Chero zvazvingave, asi nhoroondo yehupenyu hweimwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa kurtisaniks uye nhasi ndinomufadza pfungwa dzevanyori, maartist uye mireli. Dzimwe nguva zvinofananidzwa nengirozi, vamwe vanoitwa zvakafanana neSofia Poyotsk, Rocksolan uye Isador Duncan.
MunaJanuary 1917, apo Mata Hari akadzokera kuParis, akasungwa akaiswa mutirongo muSara-lazar. Kuongorora Bushhardon Mwedzi mina akabvunzurudza mukadzi, achibvumira gweta mubvi chete kune yekutanga uye yekupedzisira yekubvunzurudzwa. Akaramba kubatana kwake nehungwaru wechiGerman, kupokana kuti mukuwedzera kune vadikani nevatariri veGerman, haana kumukanganisa. Asi panguva yekuferefeta, huchenjeri hweFrance hwakakwanisa kutsanangura radiferi radiogram yevaGerman, umo musimboti wekusimbiswa kwechiitiko cheMumiriri H-21.
Pakutongwa muna Chikunguru 1917, MARI Hari aive asina kuiswa mukuchinjisa ruzivo kumuvengi, izvo zvakakonzera kufa kwemapoka mazhinji evarwi. Andre Morne State Proseucutor akataura kuti "kukuvadza kwakatemwa nemukadzi uyu kusingadzivikanwe," uye kunzi "'kuti kuZerere" kupora kukuru kwezana remakore. "
Vatongi vakaunza Margaret vanoshandura mutongo werufu, kunyangwe iye akatarisira kuregererwa kune yekupedzisira. Gweta muKrunu, maererano nerimwe ruzivo rwune hukama hwerudo naMaty Hari, akakumbira mutungamiri wenyika yeFrancare kuti aregedze mutengi wake, asi chikumbiro chakarambwa.
Casman
Mangwanani-ngwanani kwaOctober 15, 1917, kuchengetedzwa kwejeri kwakasvika kumukadzi akatongerwa. Kuona varindi vacho vakashamisika kuti: Mata Hari akatsamwa zvekuti asati afa iye haana kupihwa kuti ave nemangwanani. Paakanga aine kudya kwemangwanani, bhoti racho rakapihwa kuchivakwa chetorongo. Kudya kwemangwanani, Greta Zereta Pfeka iyo dema velvet jasi, ngowani, magurovhosi akasviba uye shangu dzakakwirira-dziva. Akataridzika kudzikama zvachose.
Panzvimbo yekuurayiwa, pane mumwe wevarwere vanopfura pasi paris, aive atove akamirira timu yepfupi yevanhu gumi nevaviri. Mata Hari akabvunza kuti asasunge maoko uye kuti arege kupfeka kupfeka kumeso kwake. Akatumira kutsvoda kwemhepo kuvauraya ndokuti: "Ini ndagadzirira, vanyoro." Mukadzi akabvuma kufa kwake neushingi hunoshamisa. Paakawira pasi, iye overs-officer akaita kuti cheki ipfuure mudzinza rekunze remukadzi anoreva nhema.
Hakuna mumwe wehama akataura chishuvo chekutora muviri wekuurayiwa, saka akapiwa kumitambo yemitambo yemitambo. Musoro waMati Hari wakaparadzaniswa, uchinetseka uye wakachengetwa kwenguva yakareba muAnatomy Museum muParis. Asi muna 2000, vatariri vasingatarisiri vakaona kuti pakanga pasina misoro. Vanoti anogona kunge aenda muna 1954, apo Museum paakatamira kunzvimbo itsva.
Mafirimu nemabhuku
Anga ari mata hari - neyekupaza slutty kuseri kwemoyo uye madziro evapfumi nevarume vane mbiri, mukadzi akapusa, mukadzi akapusa ane furati rakaoma, iro hupenyu hwakaoma, uye husiri Zvikasadaro - bioghrahs vanopokana nezvazvo nhasi. Uye vanhu hunyanzvi inyaya inoshamisa yehupenyu hwekunyengedza spy, inosanganisira kazhinji ngano uye ngano, inokurudzira zvisikwa zvitsva.
Iyo yekutanga firimu, iyo magamba ayo aive mata, akaoneka muna 1920. Hunhu hukuru huri maririmo neActress Astta Nielsen. Gare gare kwakave nekugara kwakawanda kweKinomitramma uye mabhuku mazhinji akanyorwa.
Muna 1932, Mark Aldanov akadhindisa chinyorwa, icho chinonzi Mata Hari. Muna 1992, hupenyu hweRoma uye kufa kwaMata Hari "rakabudiswa eifa weenbeaker. Dancenderary Dancer akafemerwa pane iyo bhuku rePaulo Paulo Coelho.
Muna 2009, director yeVenzurg vakaisa mimhanzi "Mata Hari", iyo misoro yakakosha iyo Toni Dolnikova, Valeria Lanskaya naNatalia GromSkina. Uye gore rinouya, pachikamu che "Theatre yemwedzi" Sergey prokhanov, yekutanga yemutambo "Mata Hari:" Maziso ezuva "zvakaitika.
Kunyengedza kwekunyepedzera kwakatamba nyeredzi dzeWorld Cinema seGleta Garbo, Meryy Oberon, Francoise Fabian, Jeanne Moro uye Sylvia Kristl.
Muna 2016, Dennis Berr naJulius Berg yakanangidzirwa neyetsva nyaya inonzi "Mata Hari", uko Heroine asina basa airidzwa. Basa remudiwa waanoda, mutyairi waMaslov, akawana Maxim matseyev. Iyo firimu yakapfurwa neyeUkraine kambani nyeredzi midhiya media uye yeRussia "yekutanga chiteshi".
In kunoshamisa tepi, Oshshin Stak, Rutger Hauer, Christopher Lambert uye rose Pleiad wokuRussia Movie Stars: Victoria Isakov, Alexander Petrov, Ksenia Rappoport, Nadya Guskov, Svetlana Khodchenkova, Makar Zaporizhia nevamwe. Vakataura nenzira yemutambo wenhoroondo mumitauro miviri - Russian neChirungu.