Biography
Marco Polo -Vosecian Mutengesi, mufambi akakurumbira, munyori akanyora "bhuku renyika dzakasiyana-siyana nyika", maakaudza nhoroondo yerwendo rwake kuburikidza nenyika dzeAsia. Havasi vese vatsvagiri vanobvumirana nekuvimbika kwechokwadi chakarongwa mubhuku, asi kusvika pari zvino zvinosvika kune imwe yezvechokwadi ruzivo rwezivo, Ethenography neGeography yeiyo nyika dzeAsia yemakore eAsia.
Iri bhuku raishandiswa navavigators, vatengi, vanotsvaga, vanyori, vafambi uye vanowana. Akafamba aine christroffiti columbus panguva yekushomeka kwake mukushambira muAmerica. Marco Polo ndiye wekutanga weEuropean akaenda kunzira ine njodzi kuburikidza nenyika isingazivikanwe.
NHAU NEMHURI
Magwaro ekubereka aMarco haana kuchengetedzwa, saka ruzivo nezvenguva ino ye biography yake haina kunaka. Zvinotendwa kuti aive akakudza, ndezvekuzvidzivirira kwevakadzi, vaive nejasi remaoko. Akazvarwa muna 1254, Nyamavhuvhu 15, mumhuri yevaVenetian mutengesi Nickolo Polo, izvo zvinotengeswa zvishongo nezvinonhuwira. Haana kuziva mai vake, sezvaakafa pakuzvara. Mukomana uye nondo nendege yaive yakazara nedzidzo.
Nzvimbo yekuzvarwa yemufambi yakakurumbira inogonawo kuve zvakare kuPoland neCroatia, iyo inopfutidza zvakanaka, inotungamira chiratidzo chezvimwe chokwadi chinosimbisa shanduro dzese. Matanda anopokana kuti surname yePolo ine mavambo ePoland, vaongorori veCroatia vane chivimbo chekuti zvipupuriro zvekutanga nezve hupenyu hweiye mufambi akakurumbira ari panyika yavo.
Kunyangwe Marco Polo akadzidziswa, haina kuzivikanwa pachena. Mubvunzo wekuverenga kwake une nharo, sezvo bhuku racho rakakurumbira rakanyorwa pasi pekurara kweiyo Camanceano, waakanga ari mukutapwa kwejeri. Panguva imwecheteyo, mune chimwe chezvitsauko zvebhuku zvakanyorwa kuti paunenge uchifamba wakaita zvinyorwa kubhuku rake, akaedza kuteerera izvo zvaiitika uye zvakanyorwa zvese zvitsva uye izvo zvaive zvakafanira kubata nazvo. Mune ramangwana, kufamba-famba pasi, akadzidza mitauro yakati wandei.
Kufamba uye kuvhura
Baba venguva yemberi vanofamba, nekuda kwebasa rake, vakafamba zvakawanda. Pane nzendo kuenda kunyika, akavhura nzira nyowani dzekutengesa. NdiBaba vake vakadya rudo rwemwanakomana wavo wekufamba, vachitaura pamusoro pekudzungaira kwake uye kugamuchirwa. Muna 1271, rwendo rwake rwekutanga rwakaitika kuna baba vake. Chinhu chekupedzisira chaive Jerusarema.
Mugore rimwe chetero, baba vatsva vakasarudzwa, vakagadza mhuri yaPolo (baba, Hama Morpoo neMwanakomana weMarco, uko kunguva iyoyo nyika yeMongolia Khan inotonga. Kumira kwekutanga kumahombekombe egungwa reMediterranean kwaive Port Lias - Iyo nzvimbo iyo nhumbi dzakaunzwa kubva kuAsia, kwavakatengesa kubva kuvenice neGenoa. Tevere, nzira yavo yakapfuura nepakati Malny Asia, Armenia, Interfluid, kwavakashanyira Mosull neBaghdad.
Vafambi vanobva vatumirwa kuPezhiya Taban, mune mazuva iwayo aive misika yefuma yePearl. MuPersia, chikamu chekuchengetedza kwavo chakavhiringidzwa nemakororo akarwisa karavhani. Mhuri Polo ichirarama nenzira inoshamisa. Kuchengeta nyota iri mugwenga rinopisa, pahurukuro yehupenyu nerufu rwakasvika kuguta reAfghan reBalkha uye vakawana ruponeso mariri.
Nyika dzekumabvazuva, zvavakazviwana ivo pachavo, vachienderera mberi nerwendo rwavo, vakawedzera nemichero nemutambo. MuBadakhshan, dunhu rinotevera, vabati vazhinji vemabhiza anokosha. Maererano nerimwe rerimwe shanduro, munzvimbo idzi nekuda kwehurwere hwaMarko, vakamira kwegore. Wobva wakunda oster yemakondoni, akaenda kuKashmir. Polo akashamiswa nevaridzi vemuno vanokanganisa mamiriro ekunze, pamwe nekunaka kwevakadzi veko.
Mushure meizvozvo, vaItari vaive vekutanga kubva kuEuropean muSouth Tien Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan Shan SHANDI. Kupfuurirazve, karavhani yakaenda kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwemvura yegwenga regwenga Takla Makan. Guta rekutanga reChinese riri munzira yavo yaive Shangzhou, ichiteverwa neGuangzhou naLanchou. Polo aive pasi pehunhu hukuru hwetsika dzemunharaunda uye tsika, Flora uye Fauna wenyika ino. Yakanga iri nguva yakanaka yekufamba kwake kunoshamisa uye zvakawanikwa.
Hana ane mhuri yeToubidha Polo akararama kwemakore gumi nemashanu. Yese Marco yaifarira Hanu rusununguko, ndangariro uye yakanaka ndangariro. Akava mutongi wechiChinese wechiChinese, akatora chikamu muhusiku, achiita zvisarudzo zvakakosha, akabatsira kutora mauto, akapa mukana wekushandisa mauto uye zvimwe zvakawanda.
Kuita zvakarayirwa zvidhori zvemitambo, Marco akashanyira maguta mazhinji eChinese, akadzidza mutauro uye haana kurega kushamisika nezvakaitwa nevanhu ava. Akarondedzera zvese izvi mubhuku rake. Nguva pfupi vasati vadzokera kumusha kwake, akagadzwa Mutongi wematunhu eChinese weJiannan.
Khubilai aisada kuti vabatsire mubatsiri wake uye peturu, asi muna 1291 vakamutumira uye vese polo vanoenda kuMambokadzi weMongolia, vakaroora mutongi kubva kuPezhiya. Iyo nzira yakapfuura nepakati Ceylon uye sumatra. Muna 1294, kunyange panguva yerwendo, vakagamuchira nhau yekuti Khan Khubili.
Polo sarudza kudzokera kumba. Iyo nzira kuburikidza neIndia Ocean yaive nengozi, zvishoma chete ndivo vakakwanisa kuchikunda. Marco Polo akadzoka kumusha kwake mushure memakore makumi maviri nematatu ekudzungaira munguva yechando ya 1295.
Pane nyika yekuzvarwa
Makore maviri mushure mekudzoka, Hondo yeGenoa neVenice inotanga, umo polo vanoita chikamu. Yakabatwa uye yakagara mutirongo kwemwedzi yakati wandei. Pano, maererano nenyaya dzake nezve rwendo, bhuku rakanyorwa rakanyorwa.
Kune 140 yesarudzo dzayo dzakanyorwa mumitauro gumi nemaviri. Pasinei nekufungidzira, maEuropean akaziva kubva mariri nezve mari yemapepa, marasha emabwe, sage muchanze, nzvimbo uko zvinonhuwira uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zviri kukura.
Hupenyu Hwako
Baba vaMarco vakawazve, uye akange ana hama nhatu hama. Pashure pokutapwa muhupenyu hwake, Mako anokudziridza zvese zvakanaka: Akaroorawo uye akapfuma muVenetsan akapa, akatenga imba, akazvara navanasikana vatatu uye anowana zita rekuti Miriyoni. Varimi vemumukuru vanomuona semunyori eccentric, vasingavimbi nenyaya dzedzidzo dziri kure. Maka anogara hupenyu hwakabudirira, asi kushuvira kufamba, kunyanya kuChina.
Mufaro chete wezvakashata venetia wakapihwa kwaari, sezvavafanana nedzimba dzezvisikwa zvechiKanesera dzezvisvinu uye zvisingagumi zveKhanpo. Vapedza kubva kuAsia, Mako Polo akararama kwemamwe makore makumi maviri nemashanu. Ari kuita kumusha. Iri bhuku rakanyorwa mumhedziso, rakaitwa mukurumbira muhupenyu hwake.
Polo akafa muna 1324 muzera ramakore makumi manomwe muVenice. Ndakamuviga muchechi yeSan Lorenzo, akaparadza muXix Century. Imba yake yakasvibirira inopiswa mumoto moto pakupera kwezana reCentury. Pamusoro pePolo Brand, Hupenyu Hwake uye Kufamba, mafirimu mazhinji anonakidza uye tv zvinoratidza, zvichikonzera kufarira zvechokwadi pakati pevanhu venguva yedu.
Chokwadi chinonakidza
- Kurwira kweiyo kodzero yekudaidzwa kuti Momanland Marco Polo pakati peItari, Poland neCroatia.
- Akanyora bhuku nezvenguruve yake kupfuura uye akave akakurumbira.
- Mumakore achangopfuura ehupenyu, anowanikwa mazviri, zvinomutungamira kumafambisirwo emhuri.
- Marco Polo akapa Jehovha mumwe wevaranda vake uye akatemerwa chikamu chenhaka yake. Panyaya iyi, fungidziro dzakawanda dzakaonekwa pamusoro pezvikonzero zvegove dzakadai.
- Zita remufambi mukuru muna 1888 rinonzi butterfly wejunce marco poo.