Biography
Pakutaura nezvezita reRay Bradbury, munhu wese achafunga nezve zvinonakidza zvirevo zvevhi. Ray Bradbury ndeimwe yevanyori veSainzi vanyori, muridzi wehuwandu hwemubairo yekuverenga zvinyorwa, kusanganisira mumhando yenhema. Nekudaro, Bradbury haana kuzviona semunyori wekunyepedzera.
Ray Douglas Bradbury akaberekwa muna Nyamavhuvhu 22, 1920 muUkygan (Illinois, USA). Baba vemunyori wenguva yemberi, Leonard Sporting Bradbury (1891-1957) - Kuenda kuMhuri yeBritish, kubva pakati pevatorwa vekutanga kuNorth America. Takafambisa kubva kuEngland muna 1630. Mune iyo autobiography rondedzero yemhuri: Iyo Great-ambuya REI Mary Bradbury ndeye "Salem Witch", yakarembera mushure mekutongwa kwa 1692. Mom Rei - Marie Esther Moberg (1888-1966), Swede.
Kuwedzera kuna Ray, mhuri iyi ikakura mumwe mwanakomana, Leonard. Vamwe vaviri (Sam Sam nehanzvadzi Elizabheti) vakafa vachipinda. Mukomana akatanga kusangana nerufu rwevadiwa, izvo zvakasiya trace mune mamwe mabhuku anoshanda mune ramangwana.
Mumhuri yeBradbury mudiwa. Kutariswa kwakabhadharwa kune cinema.
Munguva ye "kushungurudzika kukuru" mune rimwe guta diki, baba havana kukwanisa kuwana basa. Muna 1934, mhuri yaBradbury yemhuri yaakatamira kuLos Angeles, kugadzirisa mumba memukomanababamunini. Akagara nesimba. Mushure mekupedza kudzidza, jaya rakashanda semutengesi wepepanhau. Pakanga pasina mari yekuenderera mberi kwezvidzidzo zvake. Dzidzo yepamusoro Ray haina kugamuchira. Sekureva kwemunyori, akatsiva raibhurari mukoreji. Katatu pavhiki, murume wechidiki akafamba kumashure kwemabhuku ari mukamuri rekuverenga. Panguva imwecheteyo, ari 12, mukomana aive nechido chekuzvimirira. Kuti utenge bhuku raE. Berrowza "Hondo Huru yeMars" pakanga pasina mari, uye munyori wechidiki akauya nekuenderera mberi kwenyaya yake. Iri ndiro danho rekutanga reBradbury sainzi.
Zvisikwa
Mukomana akafunga kuva munyori. Chekupedzisira, chishuwo chakaumbwa mushure mekupedza kudzidza. Nhanho yekutanga yekukwira ndeyebhuku iri mupepanhau repepanhau "Memory of Village Rogers" muna 1936. Ray akanyora nyaya diki, kutevedzera maitiro eEdgar na. Henry Cattler, American Science Fiction Munyori Akashoropodzwa uye Muzambiringa weMunyori wechidiki.
Pazera ramakore gumi nematanhatu, Bradbury yakava nhengo yenhamba yeAmerican yevanyori vechidiki - iyo Los Angeles "League yeScientificifiction insigns". Nhau dzakatanga kubuda mune yakachipa yekufungidzira kuunganidzwa. Chimiro chekunyora chakazivikanwa kuti chakaonekwa mumabasa eBradbury. Kubva 1939 kwemakore maviri, makamuri mana emagazini okufungidzira okufungidzira akaburitswa. Pakazosvika 1942, munyori akachinjwa zvachose kumabhuku. Panguva ino, akanyora nyaya dzamakumi mashanu pagore.
Pasinei nemari yemugodhi mumwe, Bradbury haina kusiya kugona. Muna 1947, mwenje wakaona kuunganidzwa kwekutanga kwenyaya yemunyori "karima yakasviba". Unganidzo inosanganisira basa re193-1947 nguva. Kekutanga, mavara okutanga akaoneka: Sekuru Aar (Prototype - Los Angeles Sekuru Ray) uye "mutorwa" waCesi. Kuunganidzwa kwacho kwotsemurwa neruzhinji.
Muzhizha ra1949, Ray Bradbury akasvika nebhazi kuenda kuNew York. Yagadziriswa mushevedzero yeAmerican Association yevaKristu vechidiki. Nyaya dzevaparidzi vevaparidzi gumi nevaviri, asi hapana akatanga kufarira. Neraki, Don Congdon, Literary Agent Bradbury, rakabudiswa Dublday. Muparidzi panguva iyoyo aigadzirira kuunganidzwa kwesainzi ngano. Bradbury aifarira muparidzi Walter Bradbury (mhuri imwe). Walter akabvuma kuburitsa bradbury, akapa kuti nyaya idzi dzisanganiswe mune yechokwadi.
Zveusiku, Ray akataura nezve kuongororwa kwese kwechimiro chenguva yemberi uye akazvipa nemuparidzi - yaive ketani kubva kumarongero enhau dzekutanga nezveMars, akaunganidzwa mune rimwe basa. Muzvemaruro wemaringe chiMarakiti, Bradbury inosanganisira yakabata kufanana pakati pekuvandudzwa kwemagamba emabhiza eMars uye kusvika kwevadorongo kumadokero kumadokero. Chifukidziro chakafukidzwa chakaratidza zvikanganiso uye kusakwana kwevanhu. Iri bhuku rakashanduka pfungwa yesainzi ngano. Bradbury akaona maRartian Makonike ane basa rakanakisa.
Iyo nyika yekuzivikanwa yeRay Bradbury yakawanikwa nekubuda muna 1953 iyo Novel "451 degrees Fahrenheit". Novel yaive yakavakirwa pane nyaya mbiri: "Vanodzima moto" (vasina kuburitswa) uye "vanofamba netsoka". Bhuku rakaburitswa rakabuda muzvikamu zviri mumagazini "playboy", izvo zvakatanga kufarirwa.
MuEpigrafi, mabhuku anoreva kuti 451 degrees Fahrenheit - tembiricha yepepa. Urongwa hweRoma rinotaura nezveruzivo rwevatengi vemutengi. Munyori airatidza nzanga yakaisa kuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvekunyama kuita chitsauko. Mabhuku, achimanikidza muverengi kuti afunge, anofanira kupiswa pamwe nedzimba dzevaridzi vezvakarambidza mabhuku. Iyo huru gamba reNovel Fire Gryer Guy Montag, anotora chikamu mukupisa mabhuku, anotenda kuti zvinoita kuti chinhu chakarurama. Guy anosangana nemusikana ane makore gumi nematanhatu echirume Clarissa. Kujairana kunoshanduka pamusoro penyika jaya.
Roman akagwinya. Imba yekuburitsa "mabhuku eBallantine" ezvikoro zvechipiri zvainge zvadzikira uye akasarudzika makumi manomwe kubva mune zvechiitiko. Muna 1980, munyori aida kuita kuti aite ruzha pasina zvipfupi.
MuUSSR, chinyorwa, kunyangwe zvataurwa zvisina kunaka mumabhuku akaipa, akasunungurwa muna 1956. Iyo firimu "451 degrees Fahrenheit" muna 1966 yakasimudzwa nemutungamiriri weFrance Francois utifofo. Muna 1984, "Salamandra chiratidzo" chakaburitswa nezvikonzero zvebhuku racho.
Muna 1957, aive muchidimbu bhuku reBhaibheri "rewaini kubva kuDandelions". Iyi nyaya bradbury haina kufanana neyese basa. Mariri, zviitiko zvevana zvemunyori zvinokanganiswa. Hothlong inotaura nezve kushambadzira kwezhizha kweanamai 1928 Tom uye Douglas kunosemesa, kugara muguta diki reguta reGreen. Ray ndeye prototype yeanoda-makore gumi nematanhatu Douglas.
Bradbury aida kugadzira basa rakakura kwazvo rekunyorova. Muparidzi Walter Bradbury akasimbirira pane iyo tete pane zviviri zvikamu. Chikamu chechipiri, chinonzi munyori "zhizha, farall!", Ndakaona mwenje chete hafu yezana, muna 2006.
Imwezve novel, inobatanidza ray bradbury neudiki, "kubva kuguruva revaapanduki." Iyi inyaya yemhuri yevaBizarre yeElliot, mune zvisikwa zvinoshamisa zvinogara mumba. NOOLLI YEMAHARA inosanganisira nyaya "musangano wemhuri", "April huroyi" uye vamwe. Kunyora nyaya dzakabatanidzwa mune yechokwadi, ndangariro dzakajeka dzehunhu kubva paudiki hwakapihwa. Nemukomana ane makore gumi, pamwe chete nehama yake paHavari, akasvika kuTete yeNewe. Akaunganidza chibage stems uye pumpkin. Tete vakapfeka n'anga uye vakapfeka pasi peimba yemusungo muimba yambuya kutyisa rima revaenzi. Mahoridhe akapfuura mune imwe dutu inonakidza. Munyori anodana ndangariro dzinodhura kwazvo dzeiyo mamiriro.
Kuunganidza "mushonga kubva kuMelancholy" kwakaburitswa muna 1960. Yakaburitsa nyaya dze198-1959 nguva. Nhau: "Meadow Day" (1957), "Dragon" (1955), "Sutu Inoshamisa yeChicky Ice Cream (1958)," Husiku Hwekutanga kweGreat "(1956)," Nguva yekubva "(1956), "Raintime" (1959) nevamwe. Kuunganidzwa kwacho kwakazvipira kuPsychology, chimiro chevanhu.
Munyori akashora nzanga yanhasi hupenyu hwake hwese, achifunga nezvemutengi. Bradbury vaitenda kuti munyika hapana chakaringana nesainzi, kukura kwendangisi yekodhi. Vanhu vakamira kurota nezvenyeredzi, vanongofarira zvinhu. Bradbury anoshanda achichema kuvanhu kuti vasiye maitiro asina mweya kune ramangwana. Muenzaniso wakajeka ndi "kunyemwerera" nyaya, kuita kuri kuitika munguva pfupi iri kuuya. Vanhu vakasvibiswa, vakapisa mabhuku ese. Varaidzo huru ndiko kuparadzwa kweruzhinji kwezvinhu zvinopona zvehunyanzvi. Pawere pane iyo nguva yeavo vanoda kupfira mumufananidzo "Mona Lisa".
Nyaya yakadzurwa kwazvo yeBradbury - "uye kutinhira". Nyaya yekuziva kwesainzi inoenderana ne "Chaos theory", iyo inowanzodaidzwa kunzi "butterfly mhedzisiro". Iri ibasa pamusoro pePhilic kuenzana kwechisikirwo pasi pano. Nyaya yenhau iri pamwoyo wemafirimu uye TV inoratidza "uye kutinhira", "butter simba", "makore 100 apfuura".
Iko kusikwa kwemunyori kunoshandiswa zvine chekuita neiyo cinema uye theatre. Bradbury akanyora mamiriro ezvinhu, anozivikanwa kwazvo nezvacho ari "Monby Dick". Iye munyori uye akatungamira akatevedzana zvevaterevhizheni kubva ku "Theatre yeRay Bradbury" kutenderera, iyo yakaburitswa kubva muna 1985 kusvika 1992.
Hupenyu Hwako
Rutsigiro runokosha rwemukadzi wemunyori weVovice. Mutengesi webato remabhuku ebhuku reMargaret Mherally akazova mukadzi weRay Brand bradbury musi waSeptember 27, 1947. Anopinda kubva kuchinyorwa pakutanga haana kuunza mari hombe, saka pakutanga kwehupenyu hwemhuri, mukuru mudiki mukadzi.
Muchato waaifara uye akagara achifa Maggie, semunyori Laskovo akadaidza mukadzi wake waaida, muna 2003. Kwaive kwaari munyori akazvitsaurira kune bhuku "Martian Makoni", achinyora kuti: "mudzimai wangu Margaret norudo nemwoyo wose."
Ray Bradbury newawakaroorana naye vakanga vanayo vana vana - mwanasikana Bettin, Ramon, Susan naAlexander.
Rufu
Ray Bradbury akararama kusvika pamakore makumi masere nemasere. Hupenyu hwaive hwakapfuma mukunetseka kusingafadzi. Mangwanani oga oga, panguva yekukwegura, munyori akatanga padhesiki. Akatenda kuti kusika kunotora hupenyu hwake. Bhuku reBhaibheri remunyori rakazadzikiswa pamberi porufu. Iyo yekupedzisira bhuku raiburitswa muna 2006.
Bradbury aive nemhedzisiro inoshamisa yekuseka. Neimwe nzira kumubvunzo nezvezera reBradbury vakapindura:
"Fungidzira misoro mumapepanhau ese epasi rose -" Bradbury akatendeuka zana makore! Ndichangondipa ipapo rumwe rudzi rwemberi: Chete chokwadi chandisina kufa. "Pazera ramakore makumi manomwe nemasere, munyori aive neronda. Akapedza hupenyu hwake hwese ari muwiricheya. Bradbury akafa musi waJune 5, 2012 muLos Angeles. Imba yemhuri yemunyori yakabviswa muna 2015.
Kuongororwa kwekugadzira uye mubairo
Ray Bradbury akagamuchira premium mumunda wekunakirwa "anosanganisira" uye "Benjamin Franklin". Akapihwa mubairo weAmerican Academy, akasarudzwa mu "horo yekubwinya" proomey mubairo (1984). Pane sainzi yesainzi, iyo menduru yenyika mumunda we art (2004) uye zita rekuti "Tenzi Mukuru". Ray Bradbury - Laureate yePulitzer Mubairo (2007) uye Biramu Stoker Premium mukusarudzwa "kwehupenyu hwese."
Iro zita reRay Bradbury rakashongedzwa. NASA Space Lab akafunga kupa zita remunyori wekutanga, uyo akapa kuvapo kwehupenyu pane mars kudyara msl kuda kuziva kune iyo tsvuku yepasi. "International Astronomical Union" Gumiguru 15, 2015 yakatendeudza zita rekuti "Bradbury" crater paMars.
PaLollywood "alley yekubwinya" pane nyeredzi yeRay Brandbury.
Mabhuku
- "Makoni Martray"
- "451 degrees Fahrenheit"
- "Waini Kubva kuDandelions"
- "Dambudziko Riri Kuuya"
- "Rufu chinhu Chasara"
- "Makuva ekupenga"
- "Mimvuri yeGreen, White Whale"
- "Pane imwe nzvimbo ichiridza orchestra"
- "Levicia-99"