Biography
Margaret Hilda Tatcher (makore ehupenyu Gumiguru 13, 1925 - April 8, 2013) - Hunhu hwenyika, wekutanga munhoroondo yezvematongerwo enyika uyo akazova wekutanga mukuru muEuropean nzvimbo.About the iron wad Lady, iyo yakagamuchira zita rakadaro nekuda kwehunhu hwekuzvidira uye dzimba dzekutarisira manejimendi, rangarira nenzira dzakasiyana. Asi zvisinei nekuti havana kupa mhosva sei vake, vanochengera kuti zvisarudzo zviitirwe mugumo weGreat Britain munguva dzakaoma (dambudziko, kurwa kweBerlin Wall, etc.).
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Iyo biography yevane akakurumbira iye zvino baroneles inofarira pakati pevanhu. Kwemakore gumi nemaviri, Thatchcher akagara chinzvimbo chakakura kudaro munyika uye akazova Mutungamiriri wepamusoro-soro munhoroondo yezana ramakumi maviri.
Mwana Murgaret Margaret Roberts (Maiden zita) akaitwa muguta reVesthhem. Ikoko, Baba Alfred Roberts vakatonga zvitoro zvechitoro. Pashure peRebele "mwanasikana wemutengesi" akaramba achimududzira mubasa rezvematongerwo enyika, asiwo akabatsirawo kumira pakati pechaunga chevakuru.
Kuwedzera kuMargaret mumhuri, mumwe musikana anonzi Muriel akarerwa - hanzvadzi yakura. Alfred Roberts vakapinda mune zvematongerwo enyika, vakabetsera pakutaura nenyaya dzenharaunda yechitendero, yaive chikamu chehupfumi hwekanzuru yemunharaunda.
Vasikana vari mumhuri maRoberts vakarererwa muhusimbe, izvo zvaisakwanisa kukanganisa hunhu, asi Baba vaigara vakanakira ivo. Akasiyaniswa nezivo yakadzama mumunda wehupfumi uye nezvematongerwo enyika, iverenge zvakawanda uye zvakadzora rudo rwemabhuku kuvana vake, kushanyira raibhurari yemuno pamwe navo. Akatora margareti wechidiki kumisangano yedare, yakamubvumidza kuti adzidze mapopu uye theatrics ipapo ipapo.
Pakutanga, mutauro wemangwana wakadzidza pachikoro cheguta pakuvhima kweHuntingtauer, asi zvekuita zvakanaka muchikoro, chikoro chakakosha chakapihwa kuti vagamuchire kudzidza muchikoro chakakosha kuvasikana vanokosha vasikana. Vadzidzisi vaiona kunge musikana wechidiki, mumwe mudzidzi wezvinonhuwira, asi akatarisa, uye anozvitutumadza uye norumwe rurimi rwakapinza. Naizvozvo, iyo mudiki anochera akawana zita rekufara rechikoro pakati pevaridzi - Maggie mazino.
Margaret akabhadhara nguva yakareba, asi mune yakafanana kuti agone kutamba mutambo piyano, enda makosi eunyanzvi hunyanzvi. Musikana akadaidzira kutamba hockey pauswa uye akabudirira mubhiza rinofamba.
Mugore rapfuura, Chikoro cheMaggie akaisa chikumbiro kune Somervilian College yeOxford University. Rombo rakanaka rakanyemwerera nemusikana, uye akagamuchirwa panhau yeChemistry mufundhi (1943). Munguva yevadzidzi veMargaret, Margaret vakashanda muparatori yekutsvagisa, uye mushure mekunge agamuchirawo dzidzo yepamutemo muOxford University.
Carier kutanga
Kufarira mune zvematongerwo enyika margaret yakaratidza kare kare. Muna 1946, aive sachigaro weanochengetedza bato kusangana kuyunivhesiti. Apedza kudzidza kuyunivhesiti, musikana wechidiki ane chinangwa akatamira Kolchester uye akapinda musangano wemuno pano.
Margaret anotsigirwa zvinongedzo neshamwari kubva kuOxford, mumwe wavo - Sachigaro weDarthford Association muKent. Chikwata chakatungamira kutsvaga kwekutsvaga kusarudzo, uye Margaret akagamuchira chikumbiro chekupinda nhamba yevanyoreri. MunaJanuary 1951, tatcher akagamuchira chimiro chesarudzo.
Mukuremekedza chiitiko chakadai, kudya kwemanheru kwemanheru kwakarongeka, umo margaret roberts akasangana nemurume, mune rad iyo yakachinja mari yemusikana - muzvinabhizinesi denis tatcher. Guivent Guent Wakatyora Pregrey Pfungwa Dzakadai Inonakidzwa Ainzi Margaret uye munguva pfupi yakapa ruoko uye nemoyo kumusikana, ichiziva kuti vakadzi veimba vaisashanda mariri.
Munguva yekugadzirira sarudzo, iyo "mukadzi weIron" aigara muDartford uye akashanda mukambani yaiita kudzidza nezvekudya zvekudya.
Sarudzo 1950-1951. Paramende yakasiya mucherechedzo mune ramangwana rebasa rezvematongerwo enyika rezvematongerwo enyika Margaret. Prince yakabva yabva payakakurumidza kutarisa kumumiriri wechidiki uye mukadzi chete pakati pevatori vechikamu.
Basa rezvematongerwo enyika
Pamberi peiyo post yemutungamiri wenhau, aifanira kupfuudza miedzo yakati wandei, edza simba munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana. Muna 1955, mukadzi uyu akazova mumiriri kubva kumapati anochengetedza, uye muna 1959 akakunda, achiva nhengo yeimba yemota.
Kutaura kwekutanga kweveruzhinji kwakanzwika, zvakanetsa kune zviremera zvemuno. Margaret anodikanwa shanduko mumitemo, mune dzidziso dzakagadzwa dzevanochengetedza bato.
Munguva pfupi, "Maggie mazino" anogamuchira chinzvimbo chemutevedzeri weparamende yeParamende, asi mushure mekurasikirwa nebato riri kuita zviitiko zvekuvakwa kwevadzimba.
Makore maviri gare gare, Margaret anozviratidza, achibvuma vanhu nevatongi uye vatongi kuti mari yemitengo nemari iri pakati pekuparadza nzira dzehupfumi hweBritain huru. Mukadzi akamutsa kutsamwa uye kuvhunduka pakati pevakuru vavarume, kuzorora kwekutanga kwekubvisa nhumbu, kuderera kwemitemo yemvura, kuvharwa kwemabhizimisi vasina rubatsiro, nezvimwe zvirevo.
Thatcher yakayemura nzira dzedu manejimendi, nheyo dzadzo uye uzivi hwezvematongerwo enyika. Paaive muna 1967, akatora amiriri paUS Embassy muLondon, ramangwana rekutanga rakavhura mikana mitsva. Margaret akaziva vanhu vakashamisa, vatambi vezvematongerwo enyika vezvematongerwo enyika vanoshandiswa uye vakawana kumwe kuwedzera.
Muna 1970, bato rekuchengetedza rinova "pari" helm "zvakare. Iyo posvo yemufundisi yedzidzo uye Science Thescher aifanira kunzwisisa zvimwe zvehupenyu zvehupenyu. Mukadzi ane dhizaini yedare akatumira kuedza kuponesa bhajeti yenyika uye kwakakanganisa pakati pevagari nekukanda mirairo yekuburitswa kwemukaka kune vechikoro.
Media chaiyo yakavhiringidzika Thatcher, asi iyo chete yakasimbisa hunhu. Munguva ino, nekuda zvisarudzo zvaMargaret, kuvharwa kweDiploma Chikoro chakatanga. Uye panzvimbo pavo, imwe chete yekondari yakaunzwa.
Prime Prime Minister
Pasinei nezvinetso zvehutano hwemurume wake (cancer), Margaret Thercher achiri kuramba achivaka basa rake, kwete kubhadhara nguva yemhuri. Iye anoonekwa pfungwa nyowani - kuti ive musoro weiyo bato rekuchengetedza, iyo yakarasika muna 1974 musidhasi. Mukadzi akavimbisa kuti shanduko mumitemo yemabiko ichave yakakosha uye yakabudirira, uye muna 1979 akawira pasi petsiva, kutora chinzvimbo chemutungamiri weBritain.
Dails Dord yakaenda kune iyo nyika yakaoma kune nyika: Concomomic dambudziko, inflation, kurova, kushaya basa, mashandiro emauto pane zvitsuwa zveFalkland. Maitiro ekugadzirisa aisakwanisa kusingadzivisiki, uye thercher aifanira kuita super-majista sarudzo kuitira kuti uwane budiriro yeHurumende.
Mutungamiriri wehunhu hwakaita bheji rinobatsira, hukama neBritain colonies muAfrica, uye akasimbisa chinzvimbo chenyika mudunhu.
Muna 1984, kuedza kwakarongeka kune zviremera zvehondo yeIrish republic. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanhu vashanu vasina mhosva vakafa, uye Thatcher nemurume wake vakakwanisa kutiza.
Tatcher nezveRussia
Margaret thatcher akabhadhara zvakanyanya kutarisisa kune imwe nzira yekune imwe nyika yeNyika. Iye akatenda kuti United Kingdom inofanira kunge iri mumusoro wenyaya dzepasi rose pakati pedzimwe nyika, dzagamuchira chimiro cheSimba Guru.
Achidzidzisa chinzvimbo chepamusoro, chinoita zvisina kunaka pindura nezvemitemo yekuzvibata kweSoviet Union, kupomera Rurenzi muzvishuwo zvekutonga nyika, tichifunga nezvemitemo yekupomhodza nyika yavo.
Margaret aive mumwe wezvematongerwo enyika ivavo aida 'kuparadza "Soviet Union Union. Akabatsira kuwana munhu aive ave kurarama nebasa iri. Mikhail gorbachev akava ivo, ndeapi nyanzvi yeTatcher yakatsanangurwa semunhu asina hanya uye anoda chinzvimbo.
Kunyangwe kusangana kwekutanga kweGorbachev, akakokwa kuUK kuenda kuhofisi yemunyori-mukuru, akarongwa ipapo "bhora roumambo" ipapo. Mukadzi anofungidzirwa nenzira dzakawanda aitsvakwa nenzvimbo yaMikhail mune mercenary zvinangwa.
Mushure mekunge Thatcher yaive isina rutsigiro rutsigiro rweBoris Yeltsin, ichibheja paari. Sachigaro paakasarudzwa padare repamusoro, pakarepo pakarepo kusaina kwekuzivisa pamusoro pouchangamire hweRussia.
Kusiya basa
Thatcher akafunga nezve nhoroondo yenyika, achitora chinzvimbo chemukuru, asi panguva imwecheteyo pakanga paine danho rakaderera rekuvimba uye rutsigiro rweBritish. Nekudaro, tatcher aive mashoma ainetseka nezve ratings, vanhu vanovhota. "Mukadzi weSimbi" haana hanya nenzvimbo uye maonero evanodzidza navo zvebato.
Maitiro akadaro kuvanhu akatungamira kusawirirana muchikwata, izvo zvakazoda kuti awedzere kubhururuka kubva kuhofisi. Uye muna 1990, mukadzi anokudzwa akamanikidzwa kusiya basa. Munhu mutsva akauya kunzvimbo yake - John Major.
Makore maviri mushure mekusiya basa, Thatcher yaive nhengo yeimba, asi mushure mekusarudza kusiya Paramende zvachose. Iye ipapo ane makore makumi matanhatu nematanhatu.
Mukadzi ane zita rakawanda akazviwanira mumabasa ekunyora, akaburitsa mabhuku akati wandei, memoirs, asi zvaive zvakaoma kuzvidaidza kuti pensioner yakadzikama. Margaret haana kumbovanda zvitendero zvake, akaramba achishora simba, hurumende uye kupomera vamwe vezvematongerwo enyika mukusazvibata.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muna 1951, Margaret akaroora. Muchato waiva nedenycher hunozivikanwa hunozivikanwa kuti huverengerwa, nekuti muzvinabhizinesi akamubatsira mukusimudzira kwebasa rebasa. Asi, kunyangwe paine godo zvevanhu, vaviri vacho vaigara hupenyu hwemhuri refu, kurera vana vaviri - Mako naCarol.
Denis akanzwisisa mitengo yebasa racho uye akaramba ari shamwari yakanaka uye murume wake akatendeka wemargaret. Muna 2003, mukadzi wacho akaviga murume wake, mushure mekunge mamiriro ehutano hwake aipotsa.
Rufu
Muna 2012, iyo yaimbova mutungamiri weboka revachengetedza akatarisana nechirwere chakakomba, akatambura kuvhiya, mamiriro ehutano hwake akange ashatisa mazuva ese. Margaret nguva nenguva yakaenda kuPfungwa dzepfungwa, nekuti Aifa asati afa, akatambura nekufungidzira uye kusanzwisisika.
Musi waApril 8, 2013, munhu mukuru wezvematongerwo enyika haana kuzova. Akavigwa padivi pemurume wake mumakuva kuKellea.
Chokwadi chinonakidza
- Muna 1992, Margaret Thatcher anopiwa kuti awane zita rekuti baroness, achipa Mambokadzi weGreat Britain Elizabeth II.
- Marggaret's Board maitiro anozivikanwa munhoroondo senguva ye "tetcherism".
- Muna 2009, iyo yehunyanzvi firimu "Margaret" yakabuda mupenyu yezvematongerwo enyika akakurumbira, uye muna 2011 - "Dailymani", iyo yakagamuchira oscar mubairo.
- Basa rezvematongerwo enyika raMargaret ra rakatsaurira bhuku racho "mugwagwa wekuremekedza" munyori Friedrich von hayek.
- Muna 2007, tatcher akagadzwa chifananidzo (bronze sculpture) muBritish Paramende.