Nhoroondo Yemunhu
Nerudo rerudo rerudo Radkkolnikov Raskolnikov, akazvimanikidza ne "Fate Vertex", vechikoro vanoziva mugwaro regumi. Nhoroondo yekuuraya kwemushandi wekare-yekare, iyo yakaitika muSt. Petersburg pakati pezana ramakore reXix, harizi chero munhu asina hanya. Fyodor Dostoevsky akataura mabhuku epasi rose emumiriri akajeka kwazvo wemunhu umo iye "dhiabhori anotambudzika kuna Mwari."Nhoroondo Yezvisikwa
Basa rake rakakurumbira raikudzwa raikudzwa mukona imwe neimwe yenyika, Fedor Mikhalovich kuKatoru, kwaanofarira kutora chikamu mudenderedzwa rePetrashevsky. Muna 1859, munyori weNet Netove Novel akanyora hama kubva kuTVER Link:
MunaDecember ndichatanga chinyorwa. (...) Ndakuudza nezve kureurura kumwe chete - rugwaro rwacho rwaida kunyora zvese zvichinyorera zvese, zvichidikanwa kuti ndichiri kufanira kupona. Mwoyo wangu neropa zvichavimba neiyi bhuku. Ndakamuberekera, ndakarara pamabhiza, panguva yakaoma yekusuwa uye kuzvishungurudza. "Chiitiko chei chiitiko mumukodzi chakachinja zvavanotenda. Pano akasangana nehunhu hwevanhu vakakunda simba reMweya, - izvi zvokunamata uye vaifanira kurara pasi neyekutsvairo nyowani. Nekudaro, kuberekwa kwake kwakamiswa kwemakore matanhatu, uye kusangana chete nekushaikwa kwakazara kwemari, "mubereki" akatora peni.
Mufananidzo wehunhu hushamwari hwakaratidza hupenyu pachayo. Pakutanga kwa 1865, mapepanhau akapfurwa nenhau dzinotyisa kuti Muswe wechidiki Anonzi Gerasim Chistov akauraya demo reAx reasvina uye mubiki akashanda mukuru mumwe. Zvinhu zvendarama uye sirivheri zvakanyangarika kubva pamabhokisi evakadzi, pamwe nemari yese.
Rondedzero yemaprototypes inowedzera kuuraya kweFrance. Pierrans-Francois Lazener Dostoevsky akakweretesa "zvakakwirira zvinangwa" pasi pemhosva. Iye murume haana kuona chero chinhu chakatemerwa mumhondi yake, uyezve, akavaruramisa, achizvidaidza kuti "akabatwa nenharaunda."
Uye tsvimbo huru yechiovhare yakaratidza mushure mekusunungurwa kweBhuku raNapoleon Bonaparte "Hupenyu hwaJulia Cesar", umo mambo waMweya wePasi rino, kusiyana ne "grey river revanhuwo zvavo," vanopihwa Kodzero yekudurura tsika uye kunyange kuuraya kana vakafunga izvi zvinodiwa. Kuti idzo dzidziso yeRaskolnikova yakauya "Superman".
Pakutanga, "mhosva uye chirango" chakafungidzirwa muchimiro chekureurura kwehunhu hukuru, kwete kupfuura huwandu hwemashanu mashanu kana matanhatu akadhindwa mashitsi. Munyori wacho wapedza kudzidza kushoma, akapiswa zvisina tsitsi uye akatanga kushanda pane imwe shanduro, chitsauko chekutanga cheiyo chakaonekwa muna Ndira 1866 muRussia bulletin magazini. Mushure memwedzi gumi nemaviri, Dostoevsky akaisa pfungwa yacho mubasa rinotevera rinosanganisira zvikamu zvitanhatu uye Epiga.
Biography uye zano
Hupenyu hweSPOLNIOV hahusati hwaitika, sezvazviri mujaya rese kubva kumhuri dzevarombo dzeZimbabwe yeXix. Rodion Romaniovich akafunda pagweta kuUniversity of St. Petersburg, zvisinei, nekuda kwekuda kwakanyanya kwandaida kurega kudzidza. Mumwe murume wechidiki aigara ari padyo neAptic Camork munharaunda yeShenna Square. Paakangoisa iyo yekare muzana yeAlevano Ivanovna yakanyanya kukosha, sirivha yemanheru, uye manheru eKabaska akasangana neisina basa rekupenya, aimbova zano reMarmaador. Akataura nezve dambudziko rinotyisa remhuri: Kubva kumukadzi achishambadza akatumira mwanasikana wake muSiya kuenda kune Panel.
Mangwana acho, Raskkov akaunganidza tsamba kubva kuna amai, madzakadzvanywa nemhuri yake. Kuti uuye nemhedzisiro nemichero, hanzvadzi yeDunya ichazoroora kuverenga uye yatove nezano reruzivo rwevakuru wejongwe. Mune mamwe mazwi, musikana anotengeswa, uye pane mari yakadzoreredzwa kubva kuRIona ichave nemukana wekuenderera mberi nekudzidza kuyunivhesiti.
Chinangwa ndechokuuraya uye kushandura iyo mwero wekuzvarwa usati waongorora Marmaladov uye Westa kubva paimba, yakasimbiswa. Mumweya, odion iri kusangana nehondo pakati pekusemesa kweropa uye zano rakakwirira reruponeso pasina kuteerera vasikana avo, nekuda kwekutarisirwa kwereveri.
Raskolnikov akaramba akauraya mukadzi wekare, uye panguva imwe chete iyoyo munyoro wake mudiki Ohazaven, akauya nenguva mufurati. Jaya rakapfeka rakapfeka rakavanzika mugomba riri pasi pePamhepo, pasina kana kuwana kuti rakapfuma sei ikozvino. Gare gare, akanyatsorwazve mari uye zvinhu mune imwe yeiyo St. Petersburg Courtards.
Mushure mekuponda kwe skolnikov kwadya zviitiko zvakadzama zvekunamata. Jaya racho raizove richinyura, asi rakachinja pfungwa. Anonzwa kusakundikana kusimba pakati pake uye vanhu, anowira mufivha uye akatopotsa areurura mukupondwa kwechipatara zvekunyora mapurisa.
Kuparadza kubva pakutya uye panguva imwe chete nenyota yekuratidzwa, Rodion Raskolnikov akareurura kumhondi yeSona Marmaladava. Musikana ane tsitsi haana kukwanisa kunyengetedza murume wechidiki kuti auye kumapurisa nejasi, nekuti aida "kuchiri kukwikwidza." Asi pasina nguva ndakanga ndisingakwanise kumira, kubhadhara kuurayiwa kwevaviri kuKatoroga muSiberia. SONYA akatevera raskolnikov, achigara padivi penzvimbo yemutongo wake.
Mufananidzo uye pfungwa huru
Dostoevsky anopa rondedzero chaiyo yematunhu eRaskolnikova: Uyu jaya rakanaka rine zvinhu zvakavanzika zvechiso uye maziso akasviba, kukura pamusoro avhareji, slim. Iko kufungidzira kunopamba zvipfeko zvisina kunaka uye kuzvidza zvakaipa, izvo uye zvinopera zvacho kumeso kwegamba.
Iyo psychological pictrait yeOdion Romanivich iri kuchinja munzvimbo yese. Kutanga, kudada kwehunhu kunoonekwa, asi nekudonha kwedzidziso ye "Superman" kudada kunomanikidzwa. Mukudzika kwemweya, uyu munhu ane mutsa uye akashata anoda mai vake uye hanzvadzi, akambonoponesa vana kubva pamoto, uye mari yekupedzisira yakapihwa kumariro aMarmaladov. Pfungwa yemhirizhonga iri mutorwa kwaari uye kunyange kuvhiringidzika.
Iyo gamba iri kufunga zvinorwadza pamusoro wenyaya yeNapoleonic pfungwa yekuti vanhu vakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri - vanhuwo zvavo uye vertices. Skolnikova Inoshamisika Mibvunzo miviri - "Chisikwa ini cheni kana kurudyi ndinazvo?" Uye "Zvinoita here kuti uite chakaipa chidiki nekuda kwezvakanaka zvakanaka?", Ndakava vavariro dzemhosva yake.
Nekudaro, "pfungwa dzakarukwa" dzinozoona kuti hazvibviri kuendesa mitemo yetsika pasina mhedzisiro, uchafanira kupfuura nenzira yekunamata kwemweya uye uuye kuzotendeuka. Skolnikova inogona kuve yeushingi nehuremu, uyo akatadza kuchengetedza zvaunotenda. Dzidziso yake uye bongozozo rakatambura fiasco, dzakakwevera dzidziso haina kumira miedzo yechokwadi. Pakupera kwehurumende, hunhu hwehunhu hukuru hwekushandura: Rodion anoziva kuti zvakazoita kuti "azive kudedera", munhuwo zvake ane zvisizvo uye anovhura chokwadi, kusvika pakuzara kwehupenyu, kuti Rudo, kungozvininipisa kwemoyo chete kunoita kuna Mwari.
Kuzvidzivirira
Iwo mavara makuru ezvechokwadi "utsotsi uye chirango" akaoneka mumafirimu mazhinji eRussia uye ekunze cinema. Basa racho rakapindurwa mumusha muna 1910, asi vadikani vazvino vekuDostoevsky vakarasikirwa nemukana wekuti vaone basa remukuru weDirector vasily goncharov - iyo pikicha yakarasika. Makore matatu gare gare, Raskolnikov "inonzi" vateereri kune iyo cinemas zvakare, kufungidzira muimbi Pavel Ornenev.
Asi aya aive madiki matipi. Akavhura chirevo chemufirimu ane coupmashs anoti, gadza zvakavakirwa pambuni yemberi, iyo firimu raPierre Shenal nePierre BlanChard munzvimbo inotungamira. MaFrench akakwanisa kuendesa pachena mufananidzo waRaskolnikov uye dambudziko rebasa reRussia, mutambi akatopihwa mukapu ye volipo. Ndichiri mune maviri maviri ekunze pendi "mhosva uye chirango", Sloval Peter Lorre uye muFrenchman Robert Osane afadzwa.
Iyo Soviet Cinema yaizivikanwa neyakaitwa maviri--turantkin yakaenda kune yakaiswa pamhosva. Lebedev (Marmaladov) uye vamwe vatambi vane mukurumbira. Tarautkin basa iri rakaratidzwa mukurumbira - pamberi pake, muongorori wechidiki akashanda zvine mwero mune leningrad thai uye akakwanisa kutamba kamwe chete. Mufananidzo unobva kune vese vanopa zvezvigadzirwa pamusoro wemabasa eFyodor Mikhalovich anozivikanwa seanonyanya kubudirira.
Kutanga kwacho kwa2000 kwakaratidzirwa nechikara kuti vagadzire mafirimu anoenderana nebasa rekare. Vatungamiriri havana kupfuura neDostoevsky. "Mhosva uye kurangwa" mune sere sere dzakachengetedzwa Dmitry Svetisharov. Muenzaniso wa2007, basa raRodion Raskolnikova vakaenda kuVladimir Koshevoy, Sonya Marmaladov akaridzwa naPolina Filonenko, uye Petrophrys Petrovich - Andrei Panin. Cinema aine kutonhora vakagamuchirwa vatsoropodzi, vachidana kuti vanomhanya. Kunyanya, kuvhiringidza rwiyo, zvichienderana negumi:
"Ani naani anoshinga zvakanyanya, ndizvozvo, kuzvipira kwavo naiye."Chokwadi Zvinonakidza
- Iyo magazini "Russian bulletin" inosungirwa kuNovel neDostoevsky kusimuka mukuzivikanwa. Mushure mekuburitswa kwe "mhosva uye chirango", edition yakawana vanyoresi 500 vatsva - iyo nhamba inoshamisa panguva iyoyo.
- Pfungwa yekutanga yemunyori, bhuku racho rakanga rakamirira imwe yekupedzisira. Raskolnikov anofanira kunge akaita kuzviuraya, asi Fyodor Mikhaillovich iyoyo akasarudza kuti mhedzisiro yakadaro yaive yakapusa.
- Mu St. Petersburg ku UL. Civil, 19 - Muvezi., 5 Imba, iyo inonzi iyo Raskolnikov House. Zvinotendwa kuti gamba guru reNova rebhuku rakagara mariri. Muimba, sezvakanyorwa mubhuku, tungamira chaizvo matanho gumi nematanhatu. Dostoevsky inotsanangudza zvakadzama chivanze, uko chimiro chake chakavanzika chakavanzika. Maererano nekuzivikanwa kweMoir Kuzivikanwa kwemunyori, chivanze ndechechokwadi - Fyodor Mikhalovich akataura nezve nzvimbo iyi paakabatsira kuda kwake kwekufamba.
- George Tarautkina akabvumidzwa nebasa reOfothy. Mutambi akarara akarwara zvakanyanya muchipatara, kuongororwa kwakaitwa kugumburwa - maererano nekufungidzira kwevanachiremba kwaizofanira kuunganidza makumbo. Mumufananidzo uyu, Tarautkin akafadza mukuru wecho nechiso chinorwadza, chakapararira chakadai chakaonekwa kwaari. Kana mubatiri wechidiki paakachagamuchira meseji yekufadza nezvekubvumidzwa kwekwaanotenderwa, akabva amire patsoka dzake. Saka basa racho rakaponeswa nemumi manyorerwo.
- Mufirimu reKuljanov, iyo nzira yekuparadza skolnikov mushure mekupondwa kwaperekedzwa nemucheka wekugogodza. Ruzha urwu runyorwa pane tepi rekodhi remwoyo remwoyo George Taratorkina.