Biography
Nezve hupenyu hweSergius of Radonezh, Hieromonach chechi yeRussia, iyo Reformer yemhongwe kuchamhembe kweRussia uye muvambi weTrinity Mutsvene monastery, inozivikanwa zvishoma. Zvese zvatinoziva nezve "mukuru" mukuru "akaburitswa nevatsvene, zvakanyorwa nemudzidzi wake Monk epichnia kuuchenjeri.
Gare gare, Sergius Radonezh akagadziridzwa naPahi Surb (logo). Kubva mairi, vezera redu racho vanowana ruzivo nezve zviitiko zvikuru zvezvinyorwa zveBiography yemushandi weChechi. Muchiyero chake chehupenyu, iyo epiphany yakakwanisa kuendesa kune muverengi kukosha kwehunhu hwemudzidzisi, hukuru hwake uye nhungamiro. Nzira yepasi reSergius yakavaitirai inoita kuti zvikwanisike kuti vanzwisise kuti makandira mukubwinya kwake. Hupenyu hwake hunhu hunoratidza mukuti hunojekesa kuti chero matambudziko ehupenyu nekutenda muna Mwari anokurirwa zviri nyore.
Huhu
Zuva rekuzvarwa reramangwana rinoshanda zvechokwadi, dzimwe masosi dzinonzi 1314, vamwe - 1322 g, chetatu chisinganzwisisike radonezh chakaberekerwa muna Chivabvu 3, 1319. Nerubhabhatidzo, mwana akagamuchira zita re warfoles. Maererano nengano yekare, vabereki vaSergius vaive Mukomana Kirill nemudzimai wake Maria, vaigara mumusha weVarnazn, munharaunda yeRostiv.
Dzimba dzadzo dzaive pedyo neguta - munzvimbo dzakatorwa neTrinitsky Monastery yakaiswa yakazotaurwa. Bartholomew aive nehama mbiri, aive avhareji. Pamakore manomwe, mukomana akapiwa kudzidza. Kusiyana nehungwaru, nekukasira diploma yehama, vachidzidza mutsa wenguva yemberi nekuomerwa. Asi chishamiso chakaitika: Nzira inoshamisa yaive yekuziva diploma.
Chiitiko ichi chinotsanangura mubhuku rake Epiphany rakarukwa. Bartholomew, achida kudzidza kuverenga nekunyora, kwenguva yakareba uye nekushingaira akanyengetera, akabvunza Ishe kuyambuka. Pane imwe nguva iye aive mukuru muRiza dema, iye mukomana akataura nezvenhamo yake uye akamukumbira kuti amunamatire uye akakumbira kubatsirwa naMwari. Mukuru uyu akavimbisa kuti kubva panguva ino matagi achanyora nekuverenga nekupfuura hama dzawo.
Vakapinda muchishanduro, uko maWarfolomeshi akaverenga neyepisarema aine chivimbo. Vakabva vapora kuvabereki vavo. Chembere yakataura kuti mwanakomana wavo akaudzwa naMwari pamberi pekubereka kuberekwa, paakange asvika kuChechi yebasa. Munguva yekuimba kweiyo liturgy, mwana, ave mudumbu, akadanidzira katatu. Pazvirongwa izvi zvehupenyu hweHurumende Sypter Nesterov akanyora mufananidzo "Chiono cheiyo nzira yeBartholomew".
Kubva pane izvi zvichienda mberi, Bartholomeow yave iripo mabhuku nezvehupenyu hwevatsvene. Pakufunda kwerugwaro, kufarira muchechi kuchiratidzika kumisikidza. Kubva pamakore gumi nemaviri, bartholomew inobvisa nguva yakawanda uye inoita kuti tishande. NeChitatu neChishanu, ari kufa nenzara, mamwe mazuva ese anodya chingwa uye anonwa mvura, anonamata husiku. Maria anonyanya kunetseka nezve maitiro eMwanakomana. Ichi chinova chinyorwa chekupokana uye kusawirirana pakati pababa naamai.
Mumakore 1328-1330, mhuri yakatarisana nematambudziko akakura emidziyo, Heleras. Ichi chaive chikonzero chekuti Cyril naMaria nevana vakatamira kuRadonezh - kugadziriswa kwemucheka wekunze kwehukuru hweMoscow. Zvakanga zvisiri nyore, nguva dzakatambudza. MuRussia, iyo Horde yeGoridhe yakatonga, kusateerera mutemo. Huwandu hwevanhu hwakaitwa nguva dzose uye vaitemwa nemutero usingabatsiri. Nevanyori vakachengeta machinda akagadzwa neTatar-Mongolia Khans. Zvese izvi ndizvo zvaive chikonzero chekufambisa mhuri kubva kuRostov.
Monasticism
Pazera ramakore gumi nemaviri, Bartholomew inoita sarudzo yekupinda mumamongi. Vabereki vake havana kutadzisa, asi vakaisa mamiriro ayo kuti aizogona kuva monk chete kana varege kuva. Bartholomew yaive chete rutsigiro rwese, sezvo dzimwe hama dzakararama dzakaparadzana nevana vavo nemadzimai avo. Munguva pfupi, vabereki vakafa, saka zvaive zvakafanira kumirira.
Maererano netsika dze idzo nguva dzisati dzafa, vakagamuchira iyo Inheng kumira naSchima. Bartholomew anoenda kuKhotokovo-Pokrovsky monastery, umo mukoma wake Stephen ari. Aive chirikadzi uye akagamuchirwa naBata Pamberi pazvo Hama. Chido chehupenyu hwakasimba hwehukama hwakaunza hama kumahombekombe kweRwizi Konchura muturanga wemacoves, uko kwakatangwa nemagwenzi.
Mumatsi madunhu, hama dzakavaka cell cell yemapuranga kubva kumahombekombe uye kereke diki, pane iyo nzvimbo iyo iyo katatu yeiyo hutatu Huye yakamira. Hama hadzingamisi hupenyu hweHerchloride hupenyu mudondo uye hunofamba kuenda ku Epiphany Monastery. Bartholomews, aive aine makore 23 chete, anotora posta, anova baba Sergius uye anoramba achigara mutiraki mukusurukirwa kwakazara.
Nguva diki inopfuura, uye inka yakaziviswa mumabveh, mongano yakaumbwa, mushure memakore ndakazova Utatu-Sergiye Lavra, zviripo uye soy. Yake yekutanga igumen yaive imwe mitrofan, yechipiri igumen - baba Sergius. Abboots emamongi uye vadzidzi havana kutora moto wemoto kubva kune vatendi, kurarama michero yebasa ravo. Nharaunda yakura, varimi vakagadziriswa kutenderedza monastery, minda nemakurukota vakaunganidzwa, uye iyo yekutanga yakasiya Geremak yakatendeuka kuita ndima ine hunyanzvi.
Mafuta nekubwinya kwemamongi akazivikanwa muna Tsargrad. Kubva pamadzitateguru wePhilof Philof, Soviet Sergia yakatumirwa kuyambuka, Schima, Paramam naGram. Pazano remubato muMonastery, Kinovia inounzwa - nharaunda - ruzivo ruzivo, rwakazvarwa nevazhinji veRussia nevakawanda vanogara. Yaive isingaivikanwe neushingi, kubva panguva iyoyo mambokadzi aigara mumachira ebasa, zvinoenderana nezvivakwa zvakange zvakagadzirirwa hupenyu hwavo sezvavakatenderwa.
Cynovia akafunga kuenzana kwezvinhu, chikafu kubva kune imwe boiler mune general kuronga, zviga zvipfeko uye shangu, kuteerera vaIgumen uye "vakuru". Iyi nzira yehupenyu yaive muenzaniso wakanaka wehukama pakati pevatendi. Iyo monastery yakashanduka kuita nharaunda yakazvimirira, vagari vemo vaiita basa reruzivo, vakanyengeterera kuponeswa kwemweya uye nyika yese. Nekubvumira charwo che "hupenyu hwese" mumabhokisi, Sergius akatanga kuunza shanduko inopa hupenyu mune mimwe maniisi.
Sergey Radonez Mamongi
- Utatu-Sergium lava;
- Old-Goolin pedyo neKolomna muDunhu reMoscow;
- Vysotsky monastery muSerfukhov;
- Blagovesthchensky monastery muKirzhach, Vladimir Dunhu;
- Georgievsky monastery pane r. Klyazma.
Vateveri veZudzidziso dzvene rakavambwa kunyange kupfuura makumi mana emamhanari veRussia. Vazhinji vacho vakavakwa musango sango. Nekufamba kwenguva, misha yakaonekwa yakavapoterera. "Colonical colonization", yakatanga naRadonezh, yakaita kuti iite kuti ugadzire nzvimbo dzekutsigira dzekusimudzira nyika uye nekuvandudzwa kweRussia kuchamhembe uye volga.
Kulikovskaya Hondo
Sergius Radonezh aive munhu mukuru ane rugare akaita mupiro unokosha mukubatana kwevanhu. Akawana nyarara uye krobry inotaura nzira yekunonzwa nayo moyo yevanhu, ndichishevedzera kuteerera nerunyararo. Akaunganidza mapato ekurwa nekudana muchinda kuMoscow uye kubatana kwenyika dzese dzeRussia. Pashure pacho, yakagadzira mamiriro akanaka ekuregererwa kubva kuTatar-mongols.
Basa reSergius radonezh muhondo iri pamusoro peKulikovsky munda mukuru. Hondo isati yarwa, iyo Grand Ditry DonsKy Donskoy akauya kune venhema kuti vanamate uye vakumbire zano, murume weRussia akapokana naMwari. Khan Mamai neuto rake rakakura raida kuita kuti varambe kuda rusununguko, asi vanhu veRussia vakambundirana nekutya. Ruk. Sergius akaropafadza muchinda muhondo uye kufungidzira kukunda kweTatar Horde.
Pamwe chete nemuchinda, anotumira maviri mukom, nekudaro achityora maChechi, akarambidzwa kurwisa mamongi. Sergio akagadzirira kubayira ruponeso rwemweya wake wesababa. Uto reRussia rakakunda muKulikovsky kurwira pazuva rekuzvidzwa kwemhandara yakakomborerwa. Iyi yaive humwe humbowo hwerudo runokosha uye nehutachiona hwaamai vaMwari dzaMwari muRussia. Munamato weVakuru vakaperekedza hupenyu hwese hweMusande, waanofarira cell icon aive "mukadzi wedu weDIGitria" (Gwara). Izvo hazvina kuitika pasina kuimba Akathist - yakagadzirirwa chant, yakatsaurirwa mhandara.
Zvishamiso
Kukwira munzira yekuvandudzwa kwemweya kwevakazvimiririra kwaiperekedzwa nezviratidzo zvisinganzwisisike. Akaona ngirozi uye shiri dzeparadhiso, moto wekudenga uye kupenya kwemweya. Izita romuSimbe rinobatanidza zvishamiso zvakatanga kusaberekwa. Chishamiso chekutanga chinoreva pamusoro chakaitika mudumbu raamai. Kuchema kwemwana kwakanzwa vese vaive muchechi. Chishamiso chechipiri chakabatanidzwa neisina kusarudzika zvisina kufanira ruzivo kugona.
Bumbiro refungidziro yemweya ndiyo yaive chiitiko chemhandara yakakomborerwa, yakapihwa murume mutsvene. Pane imwe nguva, mushure mekunetseka nemunamato pamberi pechiitiko, mwenje unopenya waivhenekera, mumapenga aakaona mhandara zvakanyanya, achiperekedzwa nevaapositori vaviri - Peter naJohani naJohani. Mamambo akawira pasi nemabvi ake, uye akatendeukira kwaari uye akataura kuti akanzwa minamato uye acharamba achibatsira. Pashure pemashoko aya, akavapo zvakare asingaonekwe.
Chinhu chinoshamisa cheMhandara wakaropafadzwa Maria aive mamongi akanaka kumamongi uye ese eRussia. Paive nehondo huru ine tatars, vanhu vaive vari mumamiriro ekutarisira kushungurudza. Chiono chacho chave chiporofita, nhau dzakanaka pamusoro pekutsanangurwa kwakabudirira uye kukunda kuri kuuya pamusoro pehorde. Musoro wechiitiko cheMhandara Igumen yave imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa mu icon pendi.
Rufu
Hupenyu zuva reSurgius, raigara kudangwe rakadzika, rakanga rakajeka uye rakanyarara. Yakanga yakakomberedzwa nevadzidzi vazhinji, vakakudzwa nemachinda makuru uye nemapemhi ekupedzisira. Kwemwedzi mitanhatu kufa kwaSergius kusati kwafa, Akarongedza mudzidzi Nikonu ndokusiya kubva munyika yose, "akatanga kunyarara", achigadzirira rufu.
Chirongwa chakati chatanga kukunda zvese zvakasimba, mukufananidzira kwekutarisira anounganidza hama dzevamwari uye kufadza ivo nemirairo. Zvikumbiro "Kutya Mwari", chengetedza kusunga, kuchena kwemweya nemuviri, rudo, kuzvininipisa uye kutarisirwa kwemupemhi uye asina pekupemha. Munyika yemumwe murume mukuru Achifambisa SEPTEMBERS 25, 1392
Ndangariro
Mushure mekufa kwemamongi eUtatu, vakamuvakira muhombodo yevatsvene, vachishevedza Reverend, iyo yakashamisika uye musande. Ibwe rekodhi rinonzi troitsky rakavakirwa pamusoro peguva renhema. Madziro eCathedral uye Iconostasis yakarongedzwa Altel pasi pehutungamiri hweAndrei rubiv. Paintings yekare haina kuchengetedzwa, munzvimbo yavo mune 1635 vatsva vakasikwa.
Maererano nerimwe vhezheni, iyo canonization yeRadonezh yakaitika gare gare, 5 (18) yaJuly, apo zvimisikidzo zvacho zvakawanikwa. Zvimiriri kusvika nhasi zviri muUtatu Cathedral. Masvingo ake akasiya chete nekusimba kwakasimba - panguva yemoto uye napoleonic Invasions. Nekurwa kweBelevek, zvidimbu zvakasvinudzwa, uye zvasara zvakachengetwa muSergiev nhoroondo uye art museum.
Modest Radonezh igumen yakawana kusafa mukuyeukwa kwevateveri, vese vatendi uye munhoroondo yeHurumende. Muranda anofungidzirwa kuti ari kureverera kwavo uye mutsamba weParron weMoster emoscow akashanyira manyowa ari mumusoro weUtatu. Kumufananidzo wake wakabatwa munguva dzakakura dzeRussia vanhu. Zita rake rakazova chiratidzo cheupfumi hwomweya hweRussia nevanhu.
Misi yekuyeuka kwesimbe izuva rekufa kwake munaGunyana 25 (Gumiguru 8) uye zuva rekukudzwa kwevatsvene veInok Trinity-Sergiyev Lavra 6 (19) yaJuly. Mune biography yemutsipa pane zvakawanda zvechokwadi kushumiro kuna Mwari. Mukukudzwa kwake, vazhinji vemamongi, tembere uye zvivakwa zvakavakirwa. Chete muguta guru chete 67 temberi, vazhinji vakavakwa muXvii-Xviii century. Kune zvakare kune imwe nyika. Zvidhori zvakawanda zvakanyorwa uye pendi nenzira yaro.
"Sergius Radonezh" inobatsira vabereki kana vachinamatira vana vavo kuti vadzidze zvakanaka. Mumba mune chiratidzo, vana vari pasi pechitunha chake. Vadzidzi vechikoro uye vadzidzi vanotendeukira kunobatsira vatsvene, pavanomesa kudzidza uye panguva yekupfuura bvunzo. Munamato pamberi pechiito chichibatsira mumatare ematare, anodzivirira nekukanganisa uye vatadzi.