Biography
Valentina Tereshkova ndiye mukadzi wekutanga munzvimbo. Nanhasi, chinoramba chiri chega mukadzi munyika akatumira kunzvimbo yekuteerera ndege chete, isina vabatsiri uye vanobatana. Akavawo mukadzi wekutanga muRussia, akapa zita remukuru mukuru. Iyo iri muchikamu ichi cheTimberkova uye akasiya basa ra1997, aine makore makumi matanhatu. Valentina Tereshkova zvachose akarasa zita rake munhoroondo yeSoviet Union, Russia nenyika yose.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Biography yemukadzi uyu anotanga mumusha weBig Maslennikovo Yaroslavll Dunhu. Vabereki valentine valentine vakatanga kuuya vachibva kuBelarusian Varimi. Vakaroora nemukana: Iye mukomana wacho akavezwa musikana weElena, asi musikana akaramba kwaari. Ipapo Lena akabvuma kuti acharokurova choshomba akadaro. Vladimir haana kufunga kwenguva yakareba - akabva amubaya muchato wekutamba. Imwe hanzvadzi yekutanga yaValentina Lyudmila yakatanga yakatanga mumhuri yechidiki.
Elena Tereshkova akashanda mumubhizari wezvemusoro, uye baba vake vaive mutyairi wetirakita. Akatora chikamu muhondo panguva yehondo yeSoviet-Finona uye akafa. Munun'una wevasikana volozira vakazvarwa mushure mekufa kwaBaba. Elena Fedorovna haana akaroora.
Semwana, Tereshkova akashanyira Yaroslavl Chikoro, akagamuchira mamakisi akakwirira, uye akadzidzawo kutamba paDom (musikana aive nekunzwa kwakanaka). Kubva kuva vezera, akasiyaniswa nehunhu husina kusindimara uye ushingi - akagara pasi asina kutya bhiza, akasvetukira pasi wake murwizi. Mukudanana, ndakarota ndichive injini yechitima, asi amai vangu havana kubvumira njanji.
Akapedza dzidzo yechikoro yekare yemakore manomwe, akafunga kubatsira amai vacho vari mumhuri uye vakagara pachezvakaganhurirwa kweBraceletman paYaroslavl tire. Iri basa raive rakaoma mumuviri, asi rakabhadharwa zvakanaka. Nekudaro, kukanda musikana akanyanyisa hakuna kuita kuti: Vashandi vepamoyo vave nemakirasi muchikoro chemanheru.
Chikamu chinotevera chehupenyu hwaValentina vladimirovna zvakare hazvina kufanotaura izvo zvakakwirira zvekuti aifanira kuwanikwa. Saka, akapedza kudzidza muAkushanda muChikoro cheTechnical yeChiedza Indasitiri. Mukurukanana hwake, makore manomwe akashanda pamwe chete neyekuwazisidzana pedyo inonzi "tsvuku perepop". Panguva ino, Tereshkova akatanga kupinda mumitambo yeparachute. Akafara akaenda kuaerosloj yemuno uye akasvetuka asingasviki kubva kumusoro.
Hupenyu Hwako
Hupenyu Hwechokwadi Tereshkova agara achichengeta pasi peimba iyoyo, uye haina kugamuchirwa panguva iyoyo yekuita hukama hwepedyo kusati kwaroora. Zvakangodaro, tanga kutaurwa Robert Siline, uyo waakashanyira Aeroslavl muYaroslavl. Mushure mekubva kuMoscow, kutaurirana kwavo kwapera. Gare gare, Valentin Aristov akaturikwa kuseri kwemusikana. Pamwe chete, vechidiki vaifamba vachikomberedza guta, vakashanyira Cinema.Iye murume wekutanga is tereshkova akava cosmonaut adria nikolaev. Zita rake zvakare rakazivikanwawo kune vagari veSoviet: Adriain ndiye akatanga kushandisa mazuva mana mudenga. Akava nhengo yekuedza kwemauto pakuwana murume mune orbit pasina spafard. Hukama pakati pekucheka kwenyika dzakatangira pazororo muSuki Sanitatoran Sanatorium. Vakaroora vakapedza nguva yakawanda pamwe chete, vachifamba mupaki uye nekukwira kwezuva pamhenderekedzo.
Muchato wakaitika muna 1963, mumufananidzo wevashanyi emhemberero iyi iwe unogona kuona nikita krushchev. Akaraira kupemberera pachiitiko chewanano muimba yehurumende. Gare gare, zororo racho rakaramba riri mutaundi renyeredzi.
Kwapera gore, vagari venhaka vakaonekwa mumhuri - mwanasikana waElena. Chiremba akaratidza kuwedzera kune mucheche: Musikana akazova mwana wekutanga wepasi rose, vabereki vevose vaishanyira nzvimbo. Mimba Valentina inodonha yakaoma, aive muchipatara nguva dzese. Iko kusagadzikana kwakawedzera chokwadi chekuti imbwa dzese dzakashanyira nzvimbo dzakazvarwa dzakafa diki kana vana vakuvara nekukuvara.
Musikana uyu akazviratidza pasi rose akashaya simba, asi pakanga paine runyerekupe muvanhu kwenguva refu kuti Elena akaberekerwa bofu uye matsi, pamwe nezvakararama uye zvigunwe.
Mhuri yakapaza muna 1982, mwanasikana waAdryan naLalentina vakatendeuka makore gumi nemasere. Mushure mekunge yavo kurambana Elena akatora zita rekupedzisira zita amai. Pashure pacho, mubvunzurudzo, Tereshkova akaziva kuti mudenderedzwa revadiwa, murume wake akazviratidza anodzvinyirira, nekuda kweizvozvo hupenyu hwavo hwazvo hwakaendawo. Nikolaev haana kumbobvira akaroora kechipiri. Cosmon Natsanangura kuti zvakaoma kuwana mufaro wemhuri kechipiri, kunze kwemukadzi, shamwari haisi nyore kusangana.
Vladimirovna yemurume wechipiri waladina vladimirovna akave mukuru General yeJulius Shamphnikov. Pakanga pasina vana mune muchato uyu. Asi Elena Tereshkova akaunza vazukuru vake Alexei Majorov and andrei Rodionova. Mukuru wekare akatoshanyira mauto, akadzidza kuMoscow State University, worugotwe anofarira mutambo wacho pane violin. Ose arikudaidza ambuya avo anozivikanwa emasareji.
Zvinokosha kuziva kuti murume waElena akabuda kuti ave vatyairi. Iye oga muHeless Valentina Tereshkova anoshanda muCyto mune yakakosha "Surgeon-Orthopedist". Akasarudza basa rake nekuda kwekuti ratefather rake rekurera, uyo akasarudzikawo muOrthopedicic. Tereshkova uye ShaposhaniMov Wemweya Wakagara mumweya, asi muna 1999 Muroora akafa nekenza.
Pasinei nezera rekuzorora, Valentina vladimirovna vanozvivimbisa vane hutano hwakasimba. Muna 2004, akaita kuvhiyiwa kwemwoyo yakaoma, nekuti zvimwe angadai akatambura kurwiswa kwemoyo. Kubva ipapo, Valentina vladimirovna haina kumbonzi pazvinhu zvakakomba hutano.
Basa
Hobby yaValentina yakafanotaura nezvekupedzisira kwake. Nenzira inofadza, panguva iyoyo chete, iyo Soviet Scientist Sergey Korolev yakabata moto kuti utumire mukadzi mudenga. Pfungwa iyi yakagamuchirwa zvakanaka, uye kutanga kwa1966, kutsvaga mumiririri weiyo murume akanaka, kwaifanira kuwana zita rekuzvikudza remucherechedzo. Maitiro aya aive anotevera: parachutes pasi pemakore makumi matatu emakore, kuyera kusvika 70 kg, kutora kusvika pamasendimita zana nemakumi matatu.
Soviet vakadzi vanoshuva kuenda kunzvimbo yaishamisa kwazvo. Vashandi veiyo yeSoviet indasitiri yeCosmonautics yaitsvaga yakakodzera yakakodzera inopesana kubva kumazana evanodaidza. Nekuda kwekusarudzwa kwakaoma, vashanu "vekupedzisira" vakaonekwa: Irina Solovyova, tatyana Kuznetsova, Zhanna Yörkin, Valentina Ponomareva naAlentina Tereshkova.
Vasikana vacho vakaitirwa zviri pamutemo basa remauto, vakagamuchira vanhuwo zvavo uye vakatanga kushanda nesimba. Pakutanga, Tereshkova akapasa chirongwa chekudzidziswa mukateereri weCosmont's ColosUt wechipiri Creach.
Kudzidziswa kwaisanganisira maitiro ekuvandudzwa kwekugadzikana kwemuviri kune iyo contiarities yeiyo nzvimbo yekubhururuka. Semuenzaniso, vasikana vakadzidza kufambidzana nehuremu, vakawana zviwanikwa zvemuviri muTermocamera uye Survancamera, vakaita gadziriro yeparachute, vakashandisa kushandiswa kweSkatera.
Kudzidziswa muSurdocamera (kamuri, kwakaparadzaniswa kubva pakunze kurira) kwakatora kwemazuva gumi. Mumwe nemumwe wevashanu anopikisana nebasa remukadzi wekutanga weCosmonaudzana akapedza mazuva gumi mukunyepedzera kwekunyarara kwakazara uye kusurukirwa.
Pakusarudza uyo anenge achikumbira, aifanira kubhururuka, akafunga nezve ndima yekudzidziswa, mwero wekudzidziswa unoshanda, kuziva dzidziso, mhedzisiro yekurapa bvunzo. Iko kwakatangira mukwikwidzi kwakaitwa.
Chokwadi chekuti Valalina Vladimirovna aiuya kubva kumhuri iri nyore kushanda iyo yakanga yarasikirwa nevanyadzi munguva yehondo, akaridza ruoko rwake. Zvakakoshawo zvikamu zvaive nekukatyamadza kwezvematongerwo enyika kweanobhururuka, kugona kuitisa zviitiko zvemagariro, zvichikudza bato reCommunist.
Kana, mumapoinzi maviri ekutanga, vamwe vavhoterwe vakaderera kuTheerkekova, ipapo mune hunyanzvi hwemitambo muchirongwa chavakanga vasina kuenzana. Valentina vladimirovna vakarondedzerwa nevatori venhau nevamwe vanhu, vakapa mhinduro dzemixicio kumibvunzo, nepo vasina kukanganikwa kuti vatungamire mazwi mashoma nezvehukuru hweCommunisiti.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, akasarudzwa nemunyori mukuru wekutiza kuve nzvimbo. Chimiro cheyakayevedza cosmonaut akagamuchira Irina Solovyov, uye Valentina Ponomarev akagadza musina wekukumbira.
Mukadzi wekutanga akaenda kunzvimbo yechiJune 16, 1963. Valentina vladimirovna, mucherechedzo wechitanhatu, weutsr, wakapihwa gull. Mutsara wekupedzisira, wakataurwa neTeventi isati yatanga, yakava mutsetse kubva munhetembo vladimir mayoakovsky "gore mumabhurugwa": "Hei! Denga! Tora ngowani! "
Valentina Tereshkova vakapinda munzvimbo yechikepe "Vostok-6", vachibvisa Baikonur (kwete kubva kunzvimbo iyo Yuri Gagarin, uye nekudzokorora). Iyo nzira iyo yekutanga cosmont yakaita kutanga, iyo inoshuma yakatsvaga, yakagamuchira kuongororwa kwepamusoro kwevanhurume. Vakavimbisa tereshkykova vaitanga kutanga kupfuura ruzivo rwakajairika varume.
Pashure pokutanga, kugara zvakanaka kweTereshkova kwakawedzera, iye ashoma, haana kudya uye kutaurirana kumeso nenhamba nendirozi. Zvakangodaro, iye akatora mazuva matatu, anochinja-48 kutenderera kwepasi, uye munzira yaigara yakatungamira bhuku.
Kwechinguva kusati kwataurwa kusati kwatanga kutaurwa, mukadzi wekutanga-nyeredzi ane matambudziko nemidziyo yemasvingo. Nekuda kwekuisa zvisina kunaka kwe waya valentine, Tereshkova haina kujairika ngarava yemurume. Iko kukanganisa kwekufananidza simulator kune chaiyo chishandiso chakakanganiswa: iyo algorithm yekuita pavari yakanga yakasiyana.
Nekudaro, "Cosmos 6" yakanga ichiri kutungamirwa uye yakadyarwa pamusoro pepasi kuburikidza nekushandiswa kweiyo otomatiki maitiro, iyo dambudziko rakadaro harina kuitika. Mhosva iyi yakazodzidziswa muDesign Bureau, uye misoro yakabviswa. Korolev akambobvunza Valentina Vladimirovna kusataura kuti kukanganisa uku mumidziyo. Akachengeta chakavanzika ichi kwemakore makumi mana.
Kana wapedza kubhururuka (ngarava yakasvika muAltai Dunhu) Valalina vladimirovna zvigadzirwa kubva pakudya kwavo kuenda kuVagari kune vagari veko, uye vakadya chikafu chenzvimbo idzi. Naizvozvi, akaputsa muedzo wekurapa kuti adzidze pesvedzero yakakosha pakudya kwegastrointestamende yemunhu panguva yekugara kurema.
Iyo, pamwe nehutano husina kunaka, tereshkova, pamwe nematambudziko ane mutsivi wechikepe, anogumbuka mambokadzi werudzi. Akatovimbisa kuti arege kupa mukadzi asina murume munzvimbo kusvika pakufa kwake. Iyo inotevera yakafanana kubhururuka kwakaitika gare gare kutarisirwa kweinjiniya ine gifiting kubva muhupenyu.
Kubva ipapo, Valentina Tereshkova haasisina fold mudenga. Akava murayiridzi-nyeredzi, aishanda pakati pekudzidzisa cosmoner socomputer, akatopedza kudzidza zveZhukovsky Air Injinari Valentina vladimirovna vakazivisa kuti yakanga yagadzirira kuenda kunzira kuenda ku mars (mune imwe yekupedzisira ndege).
Iyo feat yemukadzi-ASTRONAT yakaramba zvachose munhoroondo, inosimbiswa ndeye yakawanda mibairo. Mukuremekedza chiitiko ichi, chirimwa cheUglich chakagadza kuburitswa kwe "seagull" wachi. Pasi diki rakanzi zvakare rinonziwo chiratidzo chekudaidzira, pasi diki rakadaidzwa zvakare, zita rekutyaira rakagamuchira crater pamwedzi. Mukuremekedza tereshkova, midziyo yakavhurwa, mamuseum yakarongedzwa mune imwe imba yedzimba. Mufananidzo wake wakaiswa pane iyo Soviet Coin.
Valentina vladimirovna yakatsaurwa kuRwiyo "Musikana weSeagull" akaitwa neMuslim Magomayev, Valentina anoitwa naSofia Rotaru, "Seagull (valentine)" Natalia IVanova. Nyaya yake yakaudzwa mumabhuku, uye muna 2017 iyo Girlhiary yefirimu "Ini ndinogara ndakatarisa nyeredzi."
Tereshkova anoramba achiita zvematongerwo enyika. Munguva dzeSoviet Union, aive nhengo yeCpsu, uye muna2000 akasarudzwa kumutevedzeri weDunhu reNaRarirolavl Dunhu kubva kuUnited Rossia bato. Akatorawo mhemberero yekuvhura yeSochi Mitambo ya2014, yakava mutungamiri wenhau yehunyanzvi hweMazera ", zvakakonzera kuvhurwa kweyunivhesiti uye nhamba yezvimwe zviitiko mujalavl.
Nekudaro, muna 2011, mukati meression yeparamende yakatevera, Tereshkov akasarudzwa nemutevedzeri weHurumende Duma. Yokutanga yegungwa inoda kubva mudunhu rake, rinobatsira imba yeYaroslavl kumba, chikoro chenzvimbo. Valentina vladimirovna iri kuita nekuvandudzwa kweguta, vanovhura chitsva chedzidzo, kugadzirwa, masangano esimba mazvipfuuritiri mariri. Zita rake rakanzi mutambo wemitambo uye musasa wellness.
Makore gumi nematatu (80 ane makore) Valaldina vladimirovna vakaparapha March 6, 2017. Akasiya basa rakakura kwazvo, anoshandisa nguva yakawanda nemhuri yake, uye anoramba achingoita basa rezvematongerwo enyika. Kuaccount yayo - kutora chikamu mukugadzirwa kwemitauro makumi maviri neshanu. Zita rake rinotakura runyararo reruzivo, rwunoratidzwa nerubatsiro rweventans uye vatori vechikamu ehondo.
Muna 2018, Tereshkova, mumwe weazhinji ehurumende Duma vateveri, vakaita zera rekuzorora. Ichi chiitiko chakanzwisiswa zvisirizvo munharaunda, uye mukurumbira wemukadzi waCosmonaus akazungunuswa.
Valentina Tereshkova ikozvino
Zvino, mutevedzeri weValentine Tereshkova anogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza neiyo State Duma webhusaiti, kwaanowana peji rako. Valentina vladimirovna yakafukidzwa zvakare mu "Instagram".
Muna Kurume 2020, Valentina Tereshkova vakaita chikumbiro chekubviswa kwezvese zvirambidzo pane huwandu hwenhamba dzekupedzisira dzichiunganidzwa musoro wenyika. Yekugadzirisa muHurumende Duma yakavhoterwa neruzhinji.
Mutevedzeri akawira pachena kusapomerwa kusingafungidziriki, zvirevo zvisina kunaka pane network zvakaonekwa. Zvakangodaro, Tereshkova akasimbisa mukubvunzurudza kuti chikumbiro chakadai chakakumbirwa kuita vanhuwo zvavo. Hapana zvibodzwa zvezvematongerwo enyika mukutaura kwavo kwekutaura hazvina kutevera. Mushure mekugadzirisa, akatanga kugamuchira tsamba nekutenda kwe "kuchengetedzwa kweVladimir Putin".
Mazuva mashoma gare gare, Rosreestr Yakarongedzwa Data paValentina Tereshkova Zvivakwa. Pakutanga, imba yemamita mazana manomwe emamita yakaziviswa zviri pamutemo pazita revanhu vazhinji. m uye nherera nhatu, kusanganisira dzimba mumapomegratiro Nzira yeMoscow yakakosha mazana maviri emamirimita.
Pasinei nezvose zvakapfuura zvaakamboita vaValdina vladimirovna, boka resainzi uye nhamba yeruzhinji vakagadzira chikumbiro pamusoro pekunyatsoita, kusanganisira mugari wavarombo vemaguta akati wandei. MuNovsibirsk, ivo vakapiwa kuti vatewazve mugwagwa waValentina Tereshina, kugovera zita remumwe mutyairi Svetlana Savitskaya. Kuti zvakare yakapa inzwi pamusoro peaya matanho ezvematongerwo enyika.