Biography
Biography of Nikolai Pirogov, uyo akararama panguva iyoyo "anoshamisa" - muenzaniso wakajeka wekushumira kwesainzi yekurapa. Nhamba isingaonekwi yeakawanikwa yakachengetedza hupenyu hwezviuru zvevanhu vachiri kushandiswa mumushonga.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Ramangwana rinomarara remushonga wenyika rakazvarwa mumhuri yakakura yemukuru wedhipatimendi rehondo. Nicholas aive nehama nehanzvadzi gumi nematatu, vazhinji vavo vachiri mudiri mudiki. Baba Ivan Ivanovich aive akadzidziswa uye akawana kubudirira kwebasa rakakura. Mumukadzi wake, akatora musikana akanaka akanaka kubva kune mutengesi wekare mutengesi, uyo akava mukadzi wepamba nevaya amai vevana vavo vashoma. Vabereki vakanyanya kutarisisa kureverwa kweChid: Vakomana vakatsunga kudzidza mumasangano makuru makuru, uye vasikana vakagamuchira dzidzo kumba.
Mhuri yemurazvo yaida kuverenga uye kuve neraibhurari inoshamisa mumba. Vabereki vaigara pamwe chete uye vaityaira, Svondo yega yega mhuri yakashanyira chechi, vakacherekedza kutumira uye vakakudza zororo rechitendero.
Pakati pevashanyi veimba yevaenzi vevabereki paive nevanachiremba vazhinji avo vaida kutamba naChidolai Nikolai uye vakaudza vanyori nyaya kubva mukuita. Naizvozvo, kubva pamakore ekutanga, akafunga kuva kana mauto sababa, kana chiremba, seimba yavo Dr. Mukhin, mukomana akaberekerwa mukomana.
Nicholas Maros kumwana anoshusha, kutanga akadzidza kuverenga uye kupedza mazuva okurairwa naibhurari yababa. Kubva pamakore masere, akatanga kukoka vadzidzisi, uye negumi nerimwe vakapiwa kune bhodhi rakavanzika reMoscow.
Nenguva isipi matambudziko ekunyama akatanga mumhuri: Mwanakomana wedangwe Ivan Ivanovich Peter airidza zvakanyatso kutamba, uye baba vake vakanyara, izvo zvaifanira kuvhara kubva kumari yavo. Naizvozvo, vana vaifanira kutora kubva kumuenzi anonyanya kusimba uye kududzira kudzidziswa kumba.
Mhuri Dr. Mukhin, uyo akareba akacherekedza kugona kwaNicholas kuti ave mushonga, zvakabatsira kuyunivhesiti kune iyo yekurapa. Nekuti majaya akapiwa matanda, akasarudzika akaitwa, uye akava mudzidzi nezana makore gumi nemana, asingavapo gumi nematanhatu, sezvakadaidzwa nemirairo.
Chikoro changu, Nikolai akasanganiswa nebasa mumutambo weAnatomical, kwaakagamuchira ruzivo rwakakosha mukuvhiya uye pakupedzisira vakasarudza kusarudzwa kwesarudzo yekuwedzera.
Mushonga uye Pedagogy
Mushure mekupedza kudzidza kuYunivhesiti yePilogov, vanoregererwa kuguta reDhept (zvino Tartu), kwaaishanda kuyunivhesiti yemunharaunda mashanu uye pamakore makumi maviri nemaviri akadzivirira kusarongeka kwake. Ibasa resainzi rePilogov rakamisikidzwa kuGerman, munguva pfupi vaifarira Germany. Chiremba ane tarenda akakokwa kuBerlin, uko pies vakashanda kwemakore maviri nevanovhiya veGerman veGerman.
Kudzokera kumusha kwake, murume anotarisira kugamuchira Dhipatimendi payunivhesiti yeMoscow, asi akatorwa nemumwe munhu aive nehukama hunodiwa. Naizvozvo, mapipi akagara muDerpette uye akabva azokudzwa mudunhu rose rehunyanzvi hwekunyepedzera. Nikolai Ivanovich akatorwa nyore mabasa akaomesesa, asina kumboitwa naye pamberi pake, achirondedzera izvo zviri mumifananidzo. Nenguva isipi mapidhi anova purofesa wekuvhiya uye mashizha eFrance kuti aongorore makiriniki emunharaunda. Masangano haana kumufadza, uye muvhimi ane mukurumbira welpo Nikolai Ivanovich akawanikwa pakuverenga monograph.
Pakudzokera kuRussia, akazopihwa kuti atungamirire Dhipatimendi rekuvhiya pakurapa uye nekuvhiya nhoroondo yeSt. Pasersburg, uye munguva pfupi Pirgger akavhura chipatara chekutanga kwemubhedha chiuru. Mu St. Petersburg, chiremba akashanda kwemakore gumi uye panguva iyoyo akanyora mabasa esainzi pane zvekuvhiya uye anatomy. Nikolai Ivanovich akauya nekudzora kugadzirwa kwezvirongwa zvekurapa zvinodikanwa, zvichiramba zvichishandiswa muchipatara chake uye akabvunzwa mune mamwe makiriniki, uye manheru akashanda muAnatomic, kazhinji mumamiriro asina kuchena.
Mararamiro akadaro aisakwanisa kukanganisa hutano hwehutano hwechiremba. Nhau idzi dzakabatsira nhau dzakarairwa nemusoro wepamusoro weChipfuva rwakabvumidzwa neiyo purojekiti yekutanga Aratomical Institute, uko proirogv yakashanda mumakore achangopfuura. Nenguva isipi nguva yekutanga yekubudirira kushanda uchishandisa anesthesia yakakosha, iyo yaive yekubudirira munhoroondo dzepasi rose, uye mask yakavakwa neanesthesia yakanga ichiri kushandiswa mumushonga.
Muna 1847, Nikolai Ivanovich anosiya Hondo yeCaucasian yekuedza zviitiko zvesainzi mumunda. Ikoko akapedza mashandiro ezviuru gumi achishandisa Anesthesia, akashandiswa mukudzidzira mabhandeji akasungwa ne starch, iyo yakava prototype yeiyo yemazuva ano gypsum bhandege.
Mukudonha kwa 1854, mapini ane boka revanachiremba uye vanamukoti vakaenda kuhondo yerotela, kwaakava chiremba mukuru wekuvhiya ari mumavengi akakomberedzwa nemuvengi. Nekuda kwekuedza kwehanzvadzi dzengoni dzakagadzirwa naye, nhamba huru yemauto eRussia nevarume vakaponeswa. Akava chivako chitsva munguva imwe chete system yekubuda, yekufambisa uye kurongedza yakakuvadzwa mukurwisa mamiriro, nokudaro akaisa nheyo dzemushonga wemuumbo razvino.
Pakudzokera kuSt. Petersburg, Nikolai Ivanovich akasangana namambo uye akagovana kufunga kwake nezvematambudziko uye nezvakaipa zvehondo yeRussia. Alexander II akatsamwira nehasha neushingi, uye aisada kumuteerera. Kubva ipapo, pirogov yakavhiringidzika kuchidimbu pachivanze uye yakagadzwa Trustee yeiyo Odessa uye Kiev Makricts. Akatumira mabasa avo kuti agadzirise hurongwa hwedzidzo yechikoro iripo, iyo zvakare yakakonzera kusagutsikana nevane masimba. Pirogov akagadzira system itsva, iyo yakagumisa matanho mana:
- Chikoro chepuraimari (makore maviri) - masvomhu, girama;
- Isina kukwana sekondari chikoro (makore 4) - chirongwa chakawanda chedzidzo.
- Sekondari Chikoro (makore 3) - General Dzidzo Chirongwa + mitauro + mitauro + zvakashandiswa zvinhu;
- Chikoro chepamusoro: Nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzedzidzo
Muna 1866, Nikolai Ivanovich akatamira nemhuri yake kuimba yake muVinnitsa Gubernia, kwaakavhura kiriniki yakasununguka ndokuenderera mberi nebasa rake rekurapa. Kurwara uye kutambudzika kwakasvika kuna "chiremba anoshamisa" kubva kuRussia yose.
Haana kusiya zviitiko zvesainzi, achinyora mune basa rekushambadzira musi wemauto ekuvhiyiwa remusango rairumbidza zita rake.
Pirogov aienda kunze kwenyika, kwaakatora chikamu mumusangano wesainzi uye mumwe werwendo rwaakakumbirwa kupa rubatsiro rwekurapa kuna Garrildi.
Emperor Alexander II zvakare akarangarira chiremba anozivikanwa munguva yeHondo yeTurkey-yeTurkey uye akamukumbira kuti ajoinhi mushandirapamwe wemauto. Pirogov akabvuma mamiriro ezvinhu kuti aisazopokana uye asimbe rusununguko rwekuita. Kusvika muBulgaria, Nikolai Ivanovich akatora sangano rezvipatara zvehondo, achipfuura kwemwedzi mitatu mazana manomwe emakiromita uye achishanyira mafambiro makumi maviri. Nezveizvi, mambo akanyunyuta kwaari kurongeka kwegondo chena uye negoridhe regoridhe rine madhaimani akashongedzwa neyekuzvibata.
Makore ekupedzisira, masayendisiti mukuru akazvitsaurira kumuitiro wekurapa uye kunyora "diary rachirori," nekupedzisa pamberi porufu chairwo.
Hupenyu Hwako
Nguva yekutanga pilombev yakaroora muna 1841 pane muzukuru weGeneral Tatishchev, Ekaterina Berezina. Imba yavo yaingogara makore mana, murume / mukadzi mumwe mukadzi akafa nokunetsana kwekubereka vana, achisiira vana vaviri shure kwake.
Mushure memakore masere, Nikolai Ivanovich akaroora Baroness Alexander Von Bistrom, hama yeiyo yakakurumbira kufamba kruzeenstranthn. Akava mubatsiri akatendeka uye anoshamisa, kuedza kwake kwakavhura kiriniki yekuvhiya muKiev.
Rufu
Chikonzero chekufa kwePirogov chakashanda seyakaipisisa parundo, iyo yakaonekwa pane yemuromo mucosa. Iye akaongororwa nevanachiremba akanakisa eumambo hweRussia, asi aisakwanisa kubatsira. Chiremba mukuru wekuvhiya akafa munguva yechando ya 1881 mucherry. Hama dzakadaro panguva yekugonyepedzera kwaive nekuputika kwemwedzi. Muroora wemufa akasarudza kufema muviri wake, uye, awana resolution yeChechi yeOrthodox, akakoka mudzidzi progova Daviddodov, akange ave nenguva yakareba achiita nyaya iyi.
Mutumbi wakaiswa mune rakakora rakachema nepahwindo, iyo yakazotaurwa yakaiswa nekereke. Mushure mekuchinja, zvakasarudzwa kuchengetedza muviri wemasayendisiti mukuru uye mufambiro kushanda kuti adzorere. Zvirongwa izvi zvakadzivirirwa nehondo, uye kukwidziridzwa kwekutanga kwakaitwa muna 1945 nevane nyanzvi kuMoscow, leningrad uye Kharkov. Iye zvino boka rimwe chetero riri kuita kuchengetedza rwemuviri wePirogov, rinotsigira mamiriro emuviri waLenin, Kim Il Siena naHo Chi Minh.
Manor Pirogov akasara kusvikira nhasi, pano kuronga mamusangano weye sesainzi. Iyo inobata nepagore kuverenga kwepamutemo pamupiro wekuvhiya chiremba anovhiya, musangano wepasi rose wepasi rose unounganidzwa.