Biography
George Bernard Shaw - Kutamba kukuru kweIrish Kwawakabva kuIreland, iyo Laureate yeiyo Nobel Mubairo mumunda wemabhuku, munyori weiyo mitambo yemitambo uye nerezi dzinoverengeka.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Ramangwana kutamba kwakazvarwa muDublin, guta guru reIreland, muna 1856. Baba John Shaw vaitengesa zviyo, asi munguva pfupi, nekukurumidza akapisa uye akapindwa zvishoma nezvishoma kuti achinwa. Amai Lucinda vanoratidza vaive muimbi wehunyanzvi. Kuwedzera kuna Bernard mumhuri, vamwe vaviri vana vakakura, Lucinda Frances naElinor Agnes.
Semwana, mukomana akashanyira Dublin Koreji College Wesley, uye kubva kuMakore gumi nerimwe - chikoro chePurotesitendi, uko kutarisisa kwakabhadharwa zvisina musoro, asi kukura kwemweya kwevana. Panguva imwecheteyo, vafudzi havana kukotamisa zvirango zvemuviri uye vakadururira vana netsvimbo, izvo, sezvazvakaitwa, zvakangofanira kufarirwa.
Mudiki Bernard aisakwanisa kushivirira chikoro uye iyo yese dzidzo system, iyo yaakamuona kubva kuBhenji rechikoro. Pashure pacho, akayeuka kuti yaive imwe yeyakaipisisa, kana isiri mudzidzi wekupedzisira mukirasi.
Pazera ramakore gumi nemashanu, rinoratidza kuti akarangana muhofisi, ayo aiverengera kutengesa zvivakwa. Vabereki vacho vaive vasina mari yekubhadhara mwanakomana kuti vadzidze kukoreji, asi hama dzakabatsira jaya racho kutora nzvimbo yakanaka panguva iyoyo. Mubasa rake, kusanganisira kuunganidzwa kwemari kune dzimba kubva kune varombo. Ndangariro dzenguva ino yakaoma yakaratidzwa mune imwe ye "kusanakidza kusingafadzi" kunonzi "imba yechirikadzi".
Jaya rakati raive gumi nevitanhatu, amai vake, vachitora vanasikana vese ava, vakanda baba vake uye vakasiya Hondo. Bernard akasara aine baba vake muDublin, achienderera mberi nebasa rake muzvivakwa. Pashure pemamwe makore mana, muna 1876, show ichiri kuenda kuna amai kuenda kuLondon, kwaakange achifunga kuzvidzora uye aine basa mune imwe yemapepanhau emitropolitan.
Zvisikwa
Pakutanga, kusvika muLondon, Bernard Shaw akashanyira maraibhurari nemumuseum, vachizadza mapundu mukuumbwa kwavo. Amai vekutya vakatora mupenyu, vachipa zvidzidzo kuimba, uye Mwanakomana aine musoro wake akapinda mune zvematongerwo enyika.
Muna 1884, ratidza sangano rakabatana nenharaunda yeFaaban, yainzi Saizvozvo mukuremekedza mukuru weRoma Fabia. Fabily akakunda vavengi nekuda kwekunyepedzera, kungwarira uye kugona kumirira. Pfungwa huru yevaFabia yaive yehukama ndiyo chete rudzi rwunogona kuitika rwekuwedzera kukura kweUK, asi nyika inofanira kuuya kwaari zvishoma nezvishoma, isina njodzi uye kumukira.
Munguva imwecheteyo muBritish Museum, Bernard Shaw akasangana nemunyori ari kupfura, mushure mekutaurirana neiyo ramangwana rekutamba rafunga kuti anozviedza mune chinyorwa. Pakutanga aishanda semunyori weredhiyo, akabva ashanda kwemakore matanhatu semushambadzi wemagazini yenyika yeLondon, mushure mezvo akatungamira chikamu chakatsaurwa kuimba yemitambo mu "Satelly Reeve".
Panguva imwe chete nenhau, kuratidzwa kwakatanga kunyora zvinyorwa, ivo panguva iyoyo hapana munhu akaendeswa kunoburitswa. Munguva pakati pa 1879 na 1883, Bernard Shaw akanyora zvinyorwa zvishanu, yekutanga yeiyo yakabudiswa muna 1886. Pashure paizvozvo, vatsoropodzi, mushure mekuongorora nguva dzekutanga dzekuverenga Bernard Shaw, vakazopedzisira vafunga kuti zvinhu zvakajeka zvakawonekwa mune rimwe basa rekutamba kweiyo: Tsananguro dzezvemamiriro ezvinhu uye dialogues dzakawedzerwa neParadoxes.
Iko kutsoropodza kwemitambo yerwendo kwakatanga kufarira basa reNewwegian munyori Henzen Ibsen. Muna 1891, akaburitsa bhuku rinoti "Quintssence of Ibsenism", umo hunhu hukuru hwekutamba kweiyo scandinavia playwright. Munguva yehudiki, kuratidzwa kwechikamu chemitambo chakakunda tete chete pani yeShakespeare, pamwe neisingakoshi melodramas uye comedies. Ibsen, maererano nesiratidziro, yakava ivhu chairo mumutambo weEuropean, kumurera kuchikamu chitsva kuburikidza nekuvhurwa kwemanyowa emhirizhonga uye kukurukura pakati pevatambi.
Akafuridzirwa nemitambo ye Ibsen, muna 1885 Bernard Ratidza kuti yekutanga ye "mitambo isina kunaka" inonzi "imba yeWidteet". Zvinotendwa kuti kubva pabasa iri zvakatanga biography yeiyo show so show semuyori-mutambi. Nguva itsva yemutambo weEuropean weEuropean, acute, misoro yemusoro, yakavakwa pamakakava uye hurukuro, yakazvarwa pano, uye kwete pamabasa anoshanda ehondo.
Kupfuurirazve kutevera kutamba "Volokita" uye "Profession Mai Warren", kuridza mhirizhonga yeVictoria yeVictoria neshangu dzisina kuoma. " Iyo hombe hombe ye "basa reMai Warren" chifeve chinoita kuti ugone kurarama neyekare hunyanzvi uye hausi kuzorega nzira iyi yekuwana mari.
Zvinopesana nemukadzi wekutengesa uyu mumutambo ndiwo mwanasikana wake. Musikana uyu, akaziva nezvekwainobva mari yaamai, anosiya imba yekuwana nokutendeseka mari nechingwa. Mubasa iri, iro ratidza zvakajeka kuratidzwa zvakajeka hunhu hwekusimudzira hwekusimudzira, kurera vatsva kwemabhuku echirungu uye mitambo yemitambo, yakapinza uye yepasi, yezvematongerwo enyika uye zvemazvematongerwo enyika uye zvemazvematongerwo enyika. Genre yechokwadi Drama Bernard Shaw inokotama kuseka uye satire, zvekuti mutambo wake unowana kukwezva kunoshamisa uye simba rekuratidzira.
Sezvo akasika chirevo chisati chamboitika che "zvinotarisirwa" zvaakaburitsa "zvinonakidza" zvinonakidza ":" Zvombo zvemunhu "," Chisarudzo chekupedzisira "," rarama - ona "Pipi" Pipi ".
Pakutendeuka kwemazana emakore, munhu akakura pakunamata anogadzira zvizere mamiriro ezvinhu anoumba hunyanzvi hwakadaro seBarbara, Kesari uye Cleopatra, "murume uye" pymgarion ".
Pygmalion ndechimwe chezvimedu zveBernard Shaw, chakajairika, chakajairika uye chakaoma uye chakaomarara, icho chakazvipira kumabhuku mazhinji neesainzi monographs. Pakati penyaya iyi, iyo yemhedzisiro yemutengesi wemaruva emaruva eEliza dulitle uye akapfuma, anokudzwa wevanhurume Iyo yekupedzisira inoda kuita kuti mukadzi ave nechiedza chepamusoro kubva mumaruva emaruva, sezvo ngano yemazano akasika gelate yake kubva pachidimbu chemarble.
Shanduko inoshamisa yeErza inobatsira kuburitsa hunhu hwomweya, mutsa wemuchadenga, mukurumbira weruva riri nyore remaruva. Kukakavara kwemanyoro maviri kunyengerera kunotyisidzira kutenderedza dambudziko remusikana, runako rwemukati rwavasina kuona
Icho chinotevera chifananidzo chifananidzo chechitoro chaive chiri kutamba "imba uko mwoyo" yakanyorwa mushure mehondo yekutanga yenyika. Iyo inoratidzira isina kujeka ichipomera wechiRungu munhoroondo uye kirimu yenharaunda muchokwadi chekuti vakanyudza nyika uye iyo yese Europe muboka revaparadzi nekutya. Mubasa iri, pesvedzero yeIbsen neChkhov pane kugona kweiyo show kuti inoteedzerwa zvakajeka. Satyric Drama anowana mafirita ekurongedza, allogory uye chiratidzo.
Hondo yakazotenderwa naBernard Shaw mukuzvipira kwake kune pfungwa dzemagariro. Iye kusvikira magumo emazuva ake akaramba achifunga kuti magariroRussia musi wemagariro muenzaniso kune nyika yese yakavezwa, uye iyo USSR Socio-system yezvematongerwo enyika ndiyo yechokwadi uye yakarurama. Pakupera kwehupenyu hwerunoratidzwa hwakava kuzvipira kwakaratidzwa kwehutongi hweStalinist uye vakatoshanyira USSR muna 1931.
Kwechinguva chidiki, kutamba kwacho kwaive kusendamira kune pfungwa yekuti mudzvanyiriri chete ndiye anogona kutungamirirwa munharaunda uye nyika, asi mushure mekujoinha simba kuGermany, Hitler akaramba zano rakadaro.
Muna 1923, nyika yakaona zvakanakisa, maererano nevatsoropodzi uye mafambiro eBernard Shaw, "John Mutsvene", zvakatsaurirwa kuupenyu, iko kufa kwaJeanne D'Areka. Iye anotevera anotamba "Gorky, asi chaizvo", "ari muchembera", "mamirioni emamirioni", genva "uye vamwe havana kuwana kuzivikanwa kweveruzhinji mukati mehupenyu hwemunyori wemunyori.
Pashure pokufa kweBernard, vatambi venyika dzakasiyana-siyana vakaiswa pakufa kwemutambo, ivo vari padanho rekutungamira uye nhasi, uye mamwe mabasa akawana hupenyu hutsva mumafirimu. Saka, muna 1974, iyo firimu "mamirioni" yakaburitswa muSoviet Union yeiyo epinonyima kutamba, yaive nebudiriro inosemesa. Misoro yakaitwa na yu. Borisov, vnaevv, v. etush, yu. Yakavimbisa uye vamwe vatambi.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muna 1898, Bernard Shaw Akaroora Charlotte Pein-tornk ZW-Tornkend, uyo munyori akasangana nemunyori muFABIAN Society. Musikana uyu aive mugari wenhaka akapfuma, asi Bernard haana kufarira mamirioni. Muna 1925, akatoramba kugamuchira mubairo weNobel, uye mari yacho yaifanira kugamuchira Aumlassador Atrhur Duff. Pashure pacho, iyi mari inoshandiswa pakugadzirwa kwehomwe yevashanduri.
Charlotte Bernard ratidzai akararama mweya mumweya yemakore makumi mana nemashanu, kurufu rwake. Vakanga vasina vana. Chokwadi, wanano haiwanzo kukwana, uye pakati peiyo show nemudzimai wake, zvakare, kwaiitawo makakatanwa.
Nekudaro, ivo vanovhunduka kuti munyori aive murudo neyekuzivikanwa mutambi wePatrick Campbell, izvo zvaakanyora "pyglmalion", akagadzirwa naVanoda Eliz Dulitl.
Rufu
Hafu yechipiri yehupenyu hwekutamba wakashandiswa muHartfordshire, kwavanoita Charlotte vaive neyakaodzora maviri-Story imba yekudyara. Munyori akararama uye akashanda ikoko kubva 1906 kusvika 1950, kusvika parufu.
Pakupera kwehupenyu, kurasikirwa kwakatanga kutevera munyori kutora chikamu chimwe nechimwe. Muna 1940, Stella akafa, anodiwa wake asiri wenguva dzose, aidzoreredza mutambi wekutamba. Muna 1943, yakatendeka Charlotte akasiya hupenyu. Mwedzi yekupedzisira yehupenyu hwaBernard akasungwa pamubhedha. Noushingi akasangana nerufu, achisara kusvika kumagumo. Bernard Shaw haana kuve Mbudzi 2, 1950. Zvinoenderana nechido chemunyori, muviri wake wakadzvanywa, uye guruva rakabviswa pamwe nemadota emumwe wake waaida.
Quotes uye aphorisms
- Kana iwe uine apuro uye ndine apuro, uye kana isu tichichinjana maapuro aya, saka iwe une apuro imwe. Uye kana iwe uine zano uye ndine zano, uye isu tinotsinhana mazano, ipapo mumwe nemumwe wedu achange aine mazano maviri.
- Chivi chikuru pane chekuita nemuvakidzani - kwete kuvenga, asi kusakendenga; Icho chiri chechokwadi yepamusoro yehutsinye.
- Iye murume akakwana murume anotenda kuti ane mukadzi akanaka.
- Iye anoziva maitiro aanoita asingazive kuti - anodzidzisa vamwe.
BHAIBHERI
- "Kusasimba (1879);
- "Iyo isina musoro banga" (1880);
- "Rudo Arong the Arristis" (1881);
- "Profession yeKashel Birona" (1882);
- "Kwete Social Socialist" (1882).