Biography
Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky - Anenge Anogona Nesainzi, Anodzidza, Crystallograph, GOOCHEMISTRY, Dzidziso dzeNoosphere, Pfungwa uye Ruzhinji.
Ramangwana rezvidzidzo rakazvarwa muna 1863 muStrersburg, mumhuri yevaenzi nhaka. Gogo wengozi Vladimir, Vily Ivanovich Vernadsky, vakatora chikamu mukushandurwa kweSuvorev kuburikidza neAlps souchiremba wemauto, izvo zvakazopihwa zita rakanaka.
Baba vaIvan veVilyevich, vakadzidzisa zvetemithee putenzi kuyunivhesiti yemuno, vakazvarwa muyunivhesiti yemuno, uye muGymnasium - mabhuku eRussia. Mushure mekuroora kuna Mariya, mwanasikana wezvehupfumi Nikolai Shigayeva, iwo vernadsky Baba, pamwe chete newawakaroorana naye, vakatamira kuMoscow, kwaakaverenga hurukuro dzezvematongerwo enyika uye nehupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika.
Mushure mekutamira kuSt. Petersburg, Vernadsky akaberekerwa mwanakomana waNikolai, mukoma mukuru Vladimir. Maria Nikolaevna akafa kamwe chete makore gumi mushure memuchato, achisiya mukadzi wechirikadzi nemwana mudiki mumaoko. Makore mashoma gare gare, Ivan Vasilevich akaroora kechipiri panguva yemumwe mukadzi wemukadzi anonoka, Anne petrovna konstantinovich, uyo akapa hupenyu kune ramangwana remugove mukuru.
Volodyta makore mashanu, Vernadsky vakatama kubva kuSt. Petersburg kuenda kuKharkov, uyo aionekwa seimwe yesainzi yevayera uye yetsika yeRussia. MuKharkov, Vladimir vakapinda munharaunda yekurovedza muviri, kwaakadzidza makore maviri. Muna 1876, vernadsky vakadzokera kuSt. Petersburg, uye mukomana akaenderera mberi nezvidzidzo zvake mumitauro yekutanga Metropasium.
Dzidzo yakawanikwa naVernadsky muSt. Petersburg Gymnasium yaive yakajeka kunyange yenguva yedu. Izvi zvinogona kutongwa nenyaya yekuti akapedza kudzidza anogona kunyora uye nekujeka mumitauro mitatu, uye iverenge - kwakaita gumi nemashanu, kusanganisira bhuku remapepa esainzi uye hurukuro dzemapepa. Mukutamba kweGyvasium, Vladimir Ivanovich, iyo Aza yeiyo nhoroondo yechitendero, iyo yakava danho rekutanga rekutungamira mukuumbwa kweRussia Cosmism, iyo mutsigiri weiyo Vernadsky aive ave mukuru.
Biology uye mamwe sainzi
Muna 1881, vernadsky yakapinda davi remusango reFizman weSt. Petersburg University. Vadzidzisi vejaya vane tarenda vaiva baketov, Mendeev, Dokuchaev, Muvambi weChikoro chePfupfu. Dokuchaev, semusoro webazi rezvisikwa, iro rakadzidzwa uye rakadzivirirwa vernadsky dissertation, akapa waya yake chinzvimbo chemuchengeti wemazino.
Muna 1888, musayendisiti wechidiki akaenda kuEurope kusvika pakudyidzana. Pakutanga, aiitwa muCrystallography muMunich, uye akabva aenda kuParis, kuchikoro chegomo reKoreji de France. Makore maviri gare gare, pakudzokera kumusha kwake, Vernadsky akagadza musoro weDhipatimendi reMoodralogy kuMoscow University.
Vladimir Ivanovich akashanda semudzidzisi wemudzidzisi emudzidzisi. Muna 1891, musayenzi wechidiki akadzivirira tenzi waTenzi wake, uye muna 1897 aive mutirongo dissertation uye akazova chiremba uye purofesa wezvakawanda. Munguva yekuzorora pakati pevaviri dissertations, vernadsky vakaenda zvakanyanya. Nesimba resainzi, aifamba ese eRussia, Europe, achiitisa kuongororwa kwejasi.
Muna 1909, kuXII Congress yeVatambi Vanorevedza, Vladimir Ivanovich Verenga chirevo chekutsvaga kwemaminerari, kuisa nheyo dzesainzi itsva - Geochemistry. Mumakore ekudzidzisa paMoscow University, purofesa akabata basa rakakura nekuchinja pfungwa yeMoodralogy yaive iripo kusvika nguva iyoyo. Iyo sayenzi yakaparadzanisa manyorama kubva kuCressLography, yakasungirirwa sainzi ine masvomhu nefficsics, uye yechipiri - nemakemikari wepasi crust uye geology.
Panguva imwe chete itsva nemabasa mumunda mineralogy, ari Vernadsky akaswedera kuwanikwa geochemistry, uye kudzidza upenyu mananara kwakamuita kuti pakutanga biogeochemistry. Munguva imwe chete iyoyo, izvi zvinoshamisa zvinoshamisa zvaifarira redhiyo zvinhu, nhoroondo yesainzi yeRussia uye uzivi, uye nehupenyu hwezvematongerwo enyika uye hwemagariro enyika iri padanho repamusoro.
Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20, musayendisiti akazova mudzidzi weSt. Petersburg weSainzi, akananga kumazamu emichero. Muzvinafundo muna 1909 vakatanga komisheni yadarikaira vakananga kucherechedzwa kwemaminerari, uye iye amene vakatora chikamu mune aya ezipi, sezvinoonekwa nemapikicha ezvekuvanzika. Muna 1915, vernadsky yakaronga komisheni (ceps), ane basa guru raive rekufunda midziyo yemugwagwa, kusanganisira manyonzi manyura.
Pakutanga kwezana ramakore makumi maviri, Vernadsky yakabatsira kuronga nzvimbo dzekudyira vevaridzi, vakatora basa reZemskiy Congarthes, rakasarudzwa kuHounited States Paramende yeRussia, uye mushure mehushumiro hwekujekesa kwechiitiko pasi pechinguvana Hurumende yakananga.
Kusvika muna1919, iyo purofesa yaive nemapato eCadet, akaomerera kune zvakasununguka-memocratic maonero. Mune ino ivhu aifanira kusiya Russia mushure megore ra1917. Muna May 1918, Vernadsky akatamira kuUkraine kuUkraine, kwaakaronga uye akazovawo sachigaro wekuUkraine.
Muna 1921, vernadsky vakadzokera kuPetrograd. Vladimir Ivanovich akananga kuDhipatimendi remaziso emuchadenga uye akaronga rwendo kunzvimbo yekudonha meteorite. Zvaiita sekunge hupenyu hwaive nani, uye sainzi ichakwanisa zvakare kuzvipira kune sainzi. Mugore rimwe chetero, vernadsky vakasungwa uye vachipomerwa mhosva yekudzivirirwa, asi vatsigiri vezvikoro zveAcdeminky uye Oldenburg vakatumira telegraphs ne lenin uye lunacharsky.
Munguva kubva muna 1922 kusvika 1926, purofesa akaverenga hurukuro muFrance, kuYunivhesiti yeParis, uyezve muPrague. Pakati peino nguva, mudzidzo akakwanisa kugadzirira mabhuku ekuburitsa uye zvinyorwa:
- "Geochemistry";
- "Rarama zvinhu muBiosphere";
- "Auto vanhu."
Muna 1926, kudzokera kuLeningrad, musayendisiti akazova mutungamiriri weyenje redhiyo, uye muna 1928 - mubatsiri achangobva kuumbwa barorator. Mumakore akasiyana, vernadsky vakatanga munharaunda yesainzi yakabatanidzwa muzvidzidzo zvevasina kusununguka, mvura yepasi, zera regwenzi, mvura inorema. Muna 1940, iyo yekudzidza yakananga kuUranium Commission, kutaura chokwadi, kuve muvambi wepurogiramu yenyukireya yeSoviet Union.
Noosphere
Sekureva kwaVernadsky, iyo Biosphere ndeyechokwadi, yekuzvikudza uye yakarongeka system. Yayo sangano iri nekuda kwekutama kwemakemikari zvinhu zvakabviswa neiyo huru sosi yehupenyu, simba rezuva. Imwe nzira imwechete yemamiriro ekunze ine iyo Biosphere inosangana nedzimwe geogram.
Zvishoma nezvishoma, musayendisiti akasvika pakuumbwa uye kutsunga kwepfungwa yehusiku, sekushandurwa nekuda kwekukonzeresa kwemunhu kweiyo Biosphere. Vernadsky vaitenda muzviito zvine hunyanzvi hwevanhu vese, kutungamirirwa kwete kungogutsikana kwezvavanoda, asiwo kuchisikwa chezvakaenzana uye kuwirirana mune zvakasikwa, chidzidzo uye kuchengetedza kwezvinhu zvepasi pane zvakakodzera.
Ramangwana revanhu rakaona sayenzi mukuvakirwa vanehunyanzvi uye hwenyika hupenyu, hwakavakirwa pakugadzira uye ruzivo. Munhu anotsigira nyika, anotungamirirwa nemitemo yeiyo miganhu, uyezve miganho yese, nyika yezvinhu, nzvimbo yekunze, yakasanganiswa uye yakavandudzwa muhutsinye, zvichabatanidzwa muhutsinye.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muna 1886, vernadsky vakasunga hupenyu hwake kune roorano naNatalia Egorovna Staritsky. Vaviri vacho vaigara mumweya wemakore makumi mashanu nematanhatu, kusvika pakufa kwaNatalia Egorovna muna 1943.
Vakanga vane vana vaviri, shure kwaizvozvo vakafa vakatama: George, uyo akazova munyori wenhoroondo anozivikanwa, naNina, vakashanda sedychiatistrist.
Rufu
Vladimir Ivanovich akafa uye akavigwa muKazakhstan, marakaramo mhuri panguva yekubuda. Iyo vernadsky iye mushure mekufa kwemukadzi wake akadzokera kuMoscow, kwaakafira muna Ndira 1945 mushure mekurohwa.
Biography yeyesainzi akaita mupiro wakakosha kuRussia, Soviet uye sainzi yepasi rose chiratidzo chehupombwe hwekushanda kwayo, tarenda reruzivo uye tarenda rakawanda. Vernadsky yakavhurwa here? Vesayenzi vakaunza uye vakaumba nemitemo yeiyo geochemical zviitiko zvezvisikwa muBiosphere, vakagadzira dzidziso yeiyo Biosphere yeiyo Biosphere uye nekuwedzera kushanduka kwemweya mukushanduka kwemweya.
BHAIBHERI
Peru musayendisiti ane zvinyorwa zvesainzi zvinopfuura mazana manomwe emasainzi uye anoshanda. Mumabhuku emazuva ano, iwe unogona kuzviwana ivo pachavo nezvevatevedzeri vanotevera:
- Vernadsky, v.ihaunganidza mabasa: Mune makumi maviri nematanhatu (2013);
- Vernadsky, v. I. I. Huzivi pfungwa dzeNaturulist (1988);
- Vernadsky, V.i. Saiti yesainzi sepasi peplonomenon (1991);
- Vernadsky, v.ihalihafure uye nehusiku. (2012);
- Vernadsky, v.a pane sainzi. Vhoriyamu 1. Ruzivo rwesainzi. ScienceId Creation. Mufungo wesainzi. (1997).