Nhoroondo Yemunhu
Hunhu hwaSamueri weRoma Richardson Robert LoartLeks akazivisa kekutanga mumabhuku epasi rose kune zvese zvakakosha mukuvapo kwake - "Royal Royal Muridzi weChirungu akaudza vaverengi nyaya inotyisa yekunyengerera uye kudonha musikana mudiki, kuisa hunhu hukuru hwemhuka dzakaipa uye gamba rakawanda. Nekudaro, iyo villain yakazova isina tariro: Akanzwisisa zvivi zvake uye akapfidza, achirota kudzikunura mhosva pamberi pemusikana anokudzwa asina mhosva.
Vanonzi Vanonzi Vanonzi vakatongerwa kuti vave vamwezve semazita aGon Juan neVakadzi Vanonyengera kubva kuVenice yeCasanov. Kwemakore 250, vanodana vaLeberta, vakarembera uye vanotsvaga rudo rwekuda.
Nhoroondo Yezvisikwa
Iye Samuel Vakararama panguva iyoyo vakapemberera maitiro ake ekubvisa ekunyora uye ruzivo rwakadzama mupfungwa dzevanhu. Mumazuva iwayo, kugona kutaura kuburikidza netsamba zvakafarikanywa zvakakwirira, nekuti ndiyo nzira chete yekuchengetedza kutaurirana kure. Kamwe zvakakukomberedza zvemunyori weramangwana vakakumbira kuti vagadzire bhuku, uko misoro yekunyorerana yaizoradzikwa pamasherufu.
Pfungwa iri pasi pezita rekushanda "Nhungamiro yeMavara eGiramende" yakafamba kupfuura iwo manyoro ebhuku rakareruka, achitendeukira kuita tsamba refu "Pamela, kana mutsamba wechibayiro wemusikana anoshamisa kuvabereki, kugovera majaya nevasikana ... ". Bhuku retsika rakasvika pakuvavira kwevaverengi, uye munyori, akapendwa nekubudirira, akatora peni.
Muna 1748, makore mana gare gare, novel "Chillissa galo, nyaya yemukadzi mudiki, akarumbidza Musiki wake akazvarwa. Zuva rekusunungurwa rebasa rakaratidza kutanga kweiyo "mabhuku enyama" muEurope.
NeChirungu "isina rudo" inoshandura seRulebertine, murume asingazive rudo. Asi muzvinyorwa zveGreat Britain, zvinyorwa zvinosimbisa kuti Lovelas ndeye surname yeimwe yemhuri dzinozivikanwa dzechiRungu. Iye munyori akakweretesa kune hunhu kwete nemukana. Mumazana emakore gumi nematanhatu, vanyori vaiwanzoshandisa mazita nemazita evaverengi vavo.
Asi nzira iyi yebasa yakawira muvanyori kuhukura kwehasha, yakatouya kumatare - "prototypes" yakazviona mumabhuku avo pachavo, uye dzimwe nguva kwete kubva kudondo redondo. Uye vekupedzisira veimba yaLovlasas vakafa pamusoro pemakore gumi vasati aberekwa.
Iye Munyori akava mutsva weruzivo rwechinangwa chechokwadi: Kana muverengi achiona chiitiko chimwe chete nemaziso evatambi akati wandei, uye, zvinoreva kuti kugona kwake kuumba mafungiro ake pane zviri kuitika . Iyi ndiyo nzira dzepistolary kuti uwane izvi.
Mufananidzo uye zano
Pfungwa yeiyo novel iri kunyanyisa. Munyori akavaka basa pane hwaro hwekunzwa kwekutsiva. Iwo mavara makuru anotsiva pane mumwe nemumwe, uye mhedzisiro yekurwa yakarohwa neiyo ricochet pane isingafadzi hunhu - musikana ane makore gumi nematanhatu. Robert Loudlaks - aristocrat nemaitiro akapfava, zvichikonzera godo reHeroine waJames Garloi. Vechidiki vakapinda, uye kubva ipapo, Lovelaus akarambwa kugamuchira paHarhou.
Casive Clarissa akamanikidza musikana kuti aroore hutsinye uye kukara Sir roger salms, asi rudo rwekunzwa rwakavhenekerwa pakati pake uye nerudo kuburikidza nekunyorerana tsamba. Mukuziva kweAristochrat, pfungwa yacho yakazvarwa kuti adzorere mhuri yakavengwa kuburikidza nemwanasikana wake. Iyo tempter inogovera pasi pezita renzvimbo dzinotevera kune iyo estate garloi uye inotarisa hupenyu hwomutambudzi.
Pane imwe nguva, panguva yemusangano, kuda, musikana anogamuchira musikana uyu, akataura kutiza kubva kuvabereki vake, uye anomuriritira muTiton. MaKlashians anobatsira kuti azivise clarissa, akavhiringidza "hama dzakanaka" Robert. Pane imwe nguva, uyu mukadzi asina kutendeka akabatwa chibharo, ivo vanopa zano kuti vaite nevatapwa.
Asi iyo protagonist haina kukurumidza, kuti uwane mutambo wakaoma. Achavimbisa kuroora kana kuroora, anoramba shoko rake. Iyo yekumiswa nyika "pakati petariro uye kusava nechokwadi" inodhonza musikana kupenga, asi hazvigoneke kuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu, nekuti iye arasikirwa nemukurumbira mumaziso enharaunda.
Panguva ino, zvido zvakakurukurirana mumabhii kune shamwari Belfor kuti vakadzi ivo pachavo vane mhosva uye vane chivimbo chekuti mukadzi abvisa kana mukadzi achinge aramba achizviisa pasi zvachose. Nekudaro, hazvigoneke kunyengedza hutapwa, izvo zvinoshungurudza murume. Sezvo ndaneta nzira dzese, rudo ruchaimba musikana nemapiritsi ekurara uye achimushanda. Asi anodada, akaziva kuti akange aita wake waaida, afunga kutiza Tritoni. Vanoda vanonzwisisa vanongonzwisisa kutyisa kwese kwechiitiko uye vachiedza kubvisa mhosva, asi vanogashira mutero - musikana anoramba zano nemoyo wake, anowira pasi uye akafa.
Mukupererwa, Robert Lourllas anosiya England, uye mushure menguva yapera kudiwa nedhudo nehama yeClarissa, kupfidza zvizere muchiitiko chisina kutendeseka maererano nemusikana.
Samuel Richardson akagadzira hunhu hwakaoma hwepfungwa. Ndiripo nhasi vanoda - zita rinoshamisa, ingori mushamaradzi uye mukadzi. Panguva imwecheteyo, gamba reNovel rakazviratidza hunhu hunoshungurudza, hwakanaka uye kunyange kusvika kune mamwe mapoinzi. Muchengeti weFrance uye Philoster desis Didiro akapa ongororo yekufungidzira yebasa rake "Rumbidzai Richardson":
"Rudo rwakabatanidza rukudzo rusununguko nekunyangadza zvisizvo, nerupo, kururamisa, kudzika - nefungidziro, nekutonhora - nekutonhora, nekupenga."Chokwadi Zvinonakidza
Pushkin anotaura nezve kakawanda kuEvasia rimwe, kuti Tatiana aive Sameri Ridchaddson "Mudiwa Musiki". Muna 1824, mudetembi mukuru weRussia, achiverenga bhuku iri, akabvuma mutsamba kuhama yake:
"Ndakaverenga Caltissa: hapana urini, benzi rinofinha!"Asi gare gare mu "Kufamba from Moscow kuenda kuMoscow kuenda kuSt. Petersburg", Alexander Sergeevich akanyoroveswa kuongorora:
"Vaverengi vazhinji vanobvumirana neni kuti Clarissa anomarara uye anofinha, asi nenzira yese yeRichardson ine rukudzo runoshamisa."Clarissa gal low anoreva huwandu hwemabasa akareba kwazvo emabhuku eChirungu, bhuku racho rine mazwi emirioni.
Basa rekuverenga raRichards, rine mavhoriyamu manomwe, rakadhindwa nezvikamu. Iye anoongorora erudo adventures aive akadyiwa nemweya wevanhu vakararama nevanyori kuti vakapindwa uye vakarara husiku hwekuparadza kwemunyori, kuitira kuti vadzidze nhau kana vakamirira kuenderera mberi kuenderera mberi. Vateveri vakataura kubva mukuda kuziva, sezvo zano racho ratendeuka, ndokukumbira munyori kuti arege kuuraya clariss. Asi kungori hana huru yaasina kunyepa.
Chishamiso, asi muCinema Lovelace vakagara vakanonoka kusvika, asi munyika yokumusha kwake. Muna 1991, Robert Burman akabvisa nhevedzano "Clarissa", uko basa guru rakaitwa neSean Bean. E-kufuratira kunoenderana nebhuku rine zvinyorwa zvina. BINA yakachengetedzwa kujekesa zvinhu zvinopesana nezvechimiro chechirungu cheChirungu, hunhu hunokonzera kuvenga, kunzwira tsitsi uye kunzwira tsitsi panguva imwe chete.
Mumakore makumi manomwe nematanhatu, opera comic anonzi "Clarissa gallow" aizogadzira mutambi wechiFrench Georges Bizet. Iyo yakatanga brainchild zvine chekuita nerufu hazvina kumbopera.
Lovelace mune siketi inonzi inouraya kunyengedzwa. Vagari vekusvika havazive miganhu, uye zita rezita rinomboja dzimwe nguva rinoshandiswa kune vakadzi:
"Akafamba achipinda murudo rwake rweupenyu,Kune vakadzi, chose china waini, uye chinyararire.
Uye akanyengedza munhu wese iye nehungwaru
Asi kamwe kamwe ndakawana rudo ... "