Biography
Immanuel Kant mutengi weGerman, muvambi wezvekare uzivi uye dzidziso yekunetseka. Makotesheni asina kujairika akapinda mune nyaya, uye mabhuku esayenzi pasi pehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi pasi rese.
Kant akaberekwa musi waApril 22, 1724 mumhuri yechitendero mumugwagwa wemafudzi eKönigsberg muPrussia. Baba vake Johann georg Kant vakashanda serumhizha uye akagadzira chigaro, uye amai vanna Regina vakatungamira imba.
Paive nevana gumi nevaviri mumhuri yekwaKant, uye Emanueri akazvarwa wechina, vazhinji vevana vakaurayiwa mumucheto kubva kuzvirwere. Vanun'una vatatu nehama mbiri vakaramba vari vapenyu.
Imba iyo Kant yakaitisa idiki achiri mudiki nemhuri huru, yaive diki nevarombo. Muzana ramakore regumi nemasere, chimiro chakaparadzwa nemoto.
Uzivi hwamangwana hwakapedza pwere dzake kunze kweguta pakati pevashandi uye vanhu vanochenjera. Vanyori vanyori venhoroondo kwenguva refu, kuti ndeupi rudzi rwekoko rwacho nderayo, vamwe vacho vaitenda kuti madzitateguru evafundisi-matanda kubva kuScotland. Kufunga kwakadaro kunoratidzwa uye Immanuel pachezvake mutsamba kuenda kuBishop Lindblo. Nekudaro, ruzivo urwu haruna kusimbiswa mumumiriri. Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti sekuru vekuti vaizotengeranira muMutengesi munharaunda memelsk, uye hama paamai vaigara muNünberg, kuGermany.
Vabereki vaKant vakasimbisa dzidzo yemweya muMwanakomana, vaive vateveri vekuyerera kwakakosha muLutherancy - Pietism. Chinhu chedzidziso iyi ndechekuti munhu mumwe nemumwe ari pasi pesimba raMwari, saka munhu woga waifarirwa. Anna Regina akadzidzisa mwanakomana wake zvekutanga zvekutenda, uye zvakare yakaiswa mune iyo nyika diki kurudo rwenyika.
Iyo inonamatira Ana Regina yakatora vana yemharidzo uye pakudzidza kweBhaibheri. Dr. Indology Franz yakamboishanyira mhuri yekwaKant, akaona kuti akabudirira kwazvo kudzidza kweMagwaro Matsvene uye anokwanisa kudzora pfungwa dzake.
Kanta paaive nemakore masere, pamirairo yaSchulz, vabereki vakamutumira kune chimwe chezvikoro zvinotungamira zveKönigsberg - iyo Gymnasium yakatumidzwa zita rekuti Friedrich, kuti mukomana agamuchire dzidzo yepamusoro.
Kuchikoro, Kant akadzidza kwemakore masere, kubva muna 1732 kusvika 1740. Makirasi ari mumitambo yekumhanyisa akatanga na7: 00 uye akagara kusvika 9:00. Vadzidzi vakadzidza zvidzidzo zvodzidziso, zvakadyarwa uye zvibvumirano zvitsva, Latin, ChiGerman uye chiGiriki, geography, nezvimwe. Uzivi hwaidzidziswa chete muzvikoro zvepamusoro, uye Kant akatenda kuti chinhu ichi chakadzidziswa muchikoro chisina kunaka. Makirasi mune masvomhu akabhadharwa uye pane chikumbiro chevadzidzi.
Anna Regina naJohann Georg Kant aida kuti mwanakomana ave mupristi mune ramangwana, asi mukomana akafadzwa nezvidzidzo zvechiLatin, akadzidzisa Heredrey, saka aida kuve mudzidzisi we verbost. Uye mitemo yakasimba uye tsika muchikoro chechitendero, Kanta haana kutevera mweya. Muzivi wenguva yemberi aive nehutano husina kusimba, asi akadzidza nekushingairira nekuda kwepfungwa nehungwaru.
Pazera ramakore gumi nematanhatu, cant vanopinda muYunivhesiti yeKoenigsberg, apo mudzidzi anotanga kuburitsa izvo zvakawanikwa zveNewton, mudzidzisi Martin Knutzzen, Chidida uye Wolisiana. Dzidziso dzaIsaka dzakave nehunyanzvi hwekuita nyika yemudzidzi. Kant nekushingairira kubata zvidzidzo zvake, kunyangwe nematambudziko. Favoritises of the plosose vazova nesainzi uye dzakarurama nesainzi: uzivi, fizikisi, masvomhu. Chidzidzo chezvidzidzo zvechitendero chakangopera kamwe chete nekuda kwekuremekedza mufundisi.
Vakararama panguva iyoyo havana kusvika ruzivo rwekwaKant zvakanyorwa muAlbertine, saka zvinokwanisika kutonga kuti akadzidza kuhukama hwechitendero, zvinokwanisika chete nekuda kwekufungidzira.
Kanta paakatendeuka makore gumi nematatu, Anna Regina akarwara uye akafa. Mhuri yakakura yaifanira kuderedza mhedzisiro. Immanuel yaisava chero chinhu chekupfeka, uye zvakare aishayiwa mari chikafu, vafambi vepfuma vaidyiswa. Dzimwe nguva majaya aive asina shangu, uye vaifanira kukweretwa kubva kushamwari. Asi kune zvese zvinonetsa, murume wacho akabatwa neruzivo rwehunyanzvi ndokuti zvinhu zvinomuteerera, uye kwete zvakapesana.
Uzivi
Masayendisiti anogovera uzivi hwezvisingwaru yekusimudzira Immanuel Kant kwenguva mbiri: pre-kutsoropodza uye kutsoropodza. Nguva yekunyepedzera isati yasvika ndeyekuumbwa kwehunyanzvi hwekufunga kweKant uye kusanonoka kusunungurwa kubva pachikoro chevabu vechiKristu, avo uzivi hwake chaiita Germany. Iyo nguva yakaoma mubasa red cant - iyo pfungwa yechifananidzo sesainzi, pamwe nekusikwa kwedzidziso nyowani, iyo inoenderana nepfungwa yekuziva nezve kuziva.
Chinyorwa chekutanga che "Pfungwa dziri paRuzivo rweMauto eChipo" Immanuel unonyora kuyunivhesiti mudzidzisi weMudzidzisi weNyntzen,
Canta yakundikana kupedzisa yunivhesiti nekuda kwekunetseka kwezvinhu: Muna 1746, johann georg Kant anofa, uye kufudza mhuri, Emanueri anofanirwa kushanda semudzidzisi wepamba uye kudzidzisa vana kubva kumhuri dzevanobva, hukuru nevaprista. Munguva yake yemahara, akanyora zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi, izvo zvakava hwaro hwebasa rake.
Muna 1755, Immanuel Kant akadzokera kuYunivhesiti yeKönigsberg yekudzivirira kushamiswa "pamoto" uye tora degree raTenzi. Mukudonha, muzivi anogamuchira dhigirii yemunda wefundo yeruzivo "kufukidzwa kutsva kweruzivo rwekutanga kweruzivo rwemberi" uye anotanga kudzidzisa pfungwa uye metaphysics kuyunivhesiti.
Munguva yekutanga yezviitiko zveImmanuel Kant, kufarira kwemasayendisiti kwakakwezva basa reCosmogonic "nhoroondo yepasirese uye dzidziso yedenga", mune iyo Kant inotaura nezvekwakasikwa. Muzvinyorwa zvake, Kant anovimba kwete paTheology, asi kune Fizikisi.
Zvakare panguva ino, kant chidzidzo chedzidziso yenzvimbo kubva pane imwe pfungwa yekuona uye inoratidza kuvapo kwechikonzero chakakwirira, kubva pane zvese zviitiko zvehupenyu zvinobva. Vesayenzi vakatenda kuti kana paine zvinhu, zvinoreva kuti Mwari ariko. Maererano neuzivi, munhu anofanira kuziva kukosha kwekuvapo chero munhu ari kumashure kwezvinhu zvekunyama. Uku kufunga kweKAND kunoita basa rayo repakati "Izvo chete zvinogoneka nekuda kwekugoverwa kwekuvapo kwaMwari."
Iyo nguva yakaoma mubasa racho rakamuka paakatanga kudzidzisa pfungwa uye metaphysics kuyunivhesiti. Immanuel's Hypothesis yakachinja kubva pakarepo, asi zvishoma nezvishoma. Pakutanga Immanuel yakachinja maonero ari panzvimbo nenguva.
Yakanga iri munguva yekushoropodzwa kweiyo Kant yakanyorwa basa rakanyorwa pakukuya, tsika uye aesthetics: Mabasa evazivi akazova hwaro hwekurovedza muviri. Muna 1781, Emanuel akawedzera biooly yake yesainzi nekunyora rimwe rebasa rake rakakosha "kuchenesa Razus rakachena", umo pfungwa yechikamu chakarondedzerwa zvakadzama.
Hupenyu Hwako
Kant haana kusiyana runako, aive akaderera kukura, aive nemapfudzi akamanikana uye chipfuva chefudzi. Nekudaro, Immanuel akaedza kuzviriritira kuitira uye kazhinji aishanyira tailor uye hairnresser.
Muzivi akatungamira mararamiro ekudzorera uye haana kumboroora, mumaonero ake, hukama hwerudo hwaizodzivirira zviitiko zvesainzi. Neichi chikonzero, sainzi haina kutanga mhuri. Nekudaro, Kant aida runako rwemukadzi uye rwakanakidzwa nazvo. Kuchembera kuchembera Immanuel bodo neziso rekuruboshwe, saka panguva yekudya kwemasikati vakakumbira vamwe runako rwechidiki vakagara pamusoro pake.
Hazvizivikanwe kana musayendisiti ari murudo: Louise Ricka Fritz mumakore akweguru akafadzwa Kant. Zvakare, Borovsky akataura kuti muzivi aidiwa kaviri uye akafunga kuroora.
Immanuel haana kumbobvira anonoka uye akacherekedza maitiro ezuva nekunyatsoita kwemaminitsi. Akaenda zuva rega rega mune imwe cafe, kuitira kuti anwe mukombe weti. Uyezve, Kant akauya panguva imwe chete: Vamiriri havana kana kuti vatarise vatambiringa. Ichi chimiro chemuzivi anonunuro kunyange mafambiro akajairika aaida.
Masayendisiti aive nehutano husina kusimba, asi akagadzira hutsanana hwake, saka akararama kuchembera. Mangwanani ega ega Emanuel akatanga na5 oveni. Pasina kubvisa usiku, Kant akaenda kuhofisi, pane mushandi weiyo muzivi martin lamer akagadzirira muridzi wekapu yeiyo isina kusimba green tei uye chubhu inosvuta. Zvinoenderana nezvemangariro dzaMartin, Kant aive nechinhu chinoshamisa: Ndichiri muhofisi, musayendisiti akaisa pane iyo triangm kurudyi pamusoro pe cap. Iye ipapo zvishoma nezvishoma kudhirai tii, akaisvina fodya uye kuverenga chirongwa chehurukuro iri kuuya. Padhesiki rebasa, Immanuel akapedza kanenge maawa maviri.
Pana 7 am, Kant akachinja uye akaburukira kuimba yekutandivha, uko vateereri vevatsvene vaive vakamirira: dzimwe nguva vaine zvigaro. Akaverenga hurukuro dziri zvishoma, kudzora pfungwa dzeruzivo nekuseka.
Immanuel akatarisa kunyangwe zvidiki zvidiki mumufananidzo wemufananidzo wemufananidzo, aisazotaurirana nemudzidzi aive akapfeka zvishoma. Kant akatokanganwa izvo akaudza vateereri pavakaona kuti mumwe wevadzidzi akange asina mabhatani pahembe.
Pashure pehurukuro maawa maviri, muzivi akadzokera kuhofisi uye akaramba kumashure muhusiku Pajamas, cap uye akaisa munhau-mutsara unobva kumusoro. Padhesiki, Kant akapedza maawa matatu maminitsi makumi mana nemashanu.
Ipapo Emanueri aigadzirira kugamuchira yekudyira uye akaudza kicheni kugadzirira tafura: Muzivi akavenga mitezo chete, kunyanya sainzi kamwe chete pazuva. Tafura yakawedzerwa nechikafu, chinhu chete icho chaisave pakudya chiri doro. Kant haana kuda chinwiwa chelt uye akatenda kuti doro, kusiyana newaini, kuravira kwakaipa.
Kudya kanki yaKant yaifarirwa, iyo yakachengetwa nemari. Patafura yakakurukura nyaya idzi zvichiitika munyika, asi kwete huzivi.
Rufu
Kusara kwehupenyu, musayendisiti aigara mumba, achibudirira. Pasinei nokungwarira kwehutano, muviri wechiKristu ane makore makumi manomwe nemashanu zvakatanga kupera simba: Pakutanga, simba remuviri rakamusiya, uye ipapo chikonzero chakatanga kudzvanya. Mumakore ekare, Kant haana kugona kutaura, uye patafura yekudya kwemanheru, musayendisiti akatora shamwari dzepedyo chete.
Kant akasiya mafambiro ake aunofarira uye akagara pamba. Muzivi akaedza kunyora chinyorwa "hurongwa hweuzivi hwakachena muzvisikwa zvahwo", asi iye akange asina simba rakakwana.
Gare gare, musayendisiti akatanga kukanganwa mazwi, uye hupenyu hwakatanga kukurumidza. Muzivi mukuru akafa munaFebruary 12, 1804. Rufu rweKant rwakati: "Es ist gut" ("zvakanaka").
Akavigwa EManuel padhuze neCathedral yeKönigsberg, uye chapel yakavakirwa pamusoro peguva rekutadza.
BHAIBHERI
- Kutsoropodzwa kwepfungwa dzakachena;
- Sprout kune chero ramangwana metaphysics;
- Kutsoropodzwa kwepfungwa inoshanda;
- Basics yetsika metaphysics;
- Kutsoropodzwa kwekugona kutonga;