Biography
Semen Djnev - Earthroward, Cossack Ataman, akakurumbira kutsvagira Siberia.
Dezhnev akaberekwa munenge muna 1605, kunyangwe venhoroondo vasina magwaro vachisimbisa chokwadi ichi. Nezve nzvimbo yekuzvarwa, Ivanovich mbeu haina kubvumirana. Vazhinji vevakawanda vevakadzi vakasendamira vachinetseka kuti Dejnev, vakaita sevamwe varidzi vepasi pevhu (Vasife Poyarkov, yerofee Khabarov, Vladimir Atlosov) vakazvarwa muVeluwa Ustyyug. Muguta rino nhasi chifananidzo kuFezhnevu.
Nekudaro, pane humbowo hwekuti pane rwizi rwePinege muRevhangellk Dunhu muzana ramakore rechigumi nematanhatu (kana pakutanga), varimi vegumi, vanonzi, hama dzeMbeu dzeAaman dzakararama.
Dezhnev akaberekerwa mumhuri yakapfava uye svrzlism yakabatana nebasa rakasiyana uye rakaoma. Akaenda nevabereki vake kumatope, aigona kuisa magiya ekurara, akakwanisa nheyo dzekurara, idzo nheyo dzevhudzi remagarava uye kuveza.
Kufamba munzira
Muna 1630, vakadzokorora vakasununguka vanhu kuti vashande muSiberia. MuTobolsk, varume mazana mashanu vaifanira kudiwa, pakati pavo vakadonha uye dezhnev. Iyo poindi yekuumbwa kwekutumbuka, iyo yakatumirwa kumucheto kure kure yaive Great ustyug.
Nenzvimbo dzakatenderedza Diali, varume vakatumirwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana: Vazhinji vakakwezva chishuvo chekuva munhu akaurayiwa, mimwe mizhinji yezviitiko zvekuziva nezvepfuma yeSiberia. Anenge munhu wese aivimba kuti basa raizovaunzira pfuma.
Sevhisi muna 1630-1638. MuTobolsk naYeniseisk, uko mbeu dzeIvanovich, apo mhodzi dzakaunzwa nemapiyona, uyo akazova shamwari dzake pakudzidza nekuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo itsva.
Muna 1639, dezhnev akaratidzira kugona kusingawanzo mulostours, kukunda munyori anondimukira aSacha, akaramba kubhadhara Yasak (zvakasikwa mutero) kune zviremera zveRussia, kunyangwe chibvumirano cherunyararo. Matatu akashinga manyoro anotumirwa kuiyi Sachai aive akaurayiwa nehungwaru. Dezhnev akaedzawo kudzivirira kudeurwa kweropa, simbisa hukama hwakanaka nemuchinda - semhedzisiro, chirongwa chakaoma chakazadzikiswa.
Muna 1641, pakati pevanhu 14, pasi pehutungamiri hweMikhail Stadukhina, Dezhnev akaenda kuOyMyakon kuti aunganidze Yasak kubva maopoki neyy. Zvakawanda zvakanyorwa pamusoro peiyo stadkin uye frive yavo ne dejno, uye mune iyo 1984 Soviet firimu "semen dezhnev" mikhai uye zvachose inoonekwa kune inoyevedza mhondi. Asi usakanganwe kuti Stadichin hunhu hwakatanhamara, uye mupiro waro kune zvakawanikwa nenzvimbo dzeRussia dzinokosha.
Sezvo anga aita nzira yakaoma kuburikidza nemakwenzi akakwira eiyo Verkhoyansky Ridge uye achiuya rwizi rweBeligir, iyo Stadukhina Dreachment yakanzwika kubva munharaunda nezve rwizi ruzere neKoyma Rwizi (Kolyma). Kuburikidza kudzoka ndisina kudzoka, vafambi vari mugungwa vakapomedzerwa kumuromo wevanhu verwizi vasinganzwisisike, vachiita zvishuwo zvaro.
Muna 1647, dezhnev akagadzwa pakubuda kwekubuda kwaAlekseEeva (Popova kana Holmogorz), asi kuedza kushambira mumabhangi eChauotka hakuna kubudirira.
Muna June 1648, Dezhnev naAlekseev vanotora kuedza kwechipiri kwekubuda kweKolyma paKochy (vaongorori vakafamba nechikepe nemuromo weAnadyr, pane "kuzviparadzaniswa nekondinendi yeAsia neAmerica". Zvinokosha kuziva kuti popov akafamba achifamba nemukadzi wake - Yakutka, iyo yakava mukadzi wekutanga munyika, uyo aipinda muPolar expedition.
Cape mumitambo yekubikira, vafambi vakafamba nechikepe uye izvo zvavakadaidza mhino yeiyo "mapoka makuru emabwe", ndiyo yakanyanyisa kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAsia - Akazonzi akazonzi Dezhnev's Cape. Pane fungidziro yekuti Semen Ivanovich akasvika kuAlaska, iyo yaigona kunyatso bhururuka sailor.
Vanenge makumi mapfumbamwe vanhu vakatora chikamu mumushandirapamwe, vazhinji vavo vakafa mumafungu ekupenga. Barandi raPopeva rakatakurwa kumhenderekedzo yeKamchatka, uko kuchema kaviri mumutengesi akafa kubva ku zing. Musi waGumiguru 1, maredo makumi maviri nematatu akasara, Dezhnev akasvikira kumaodzanyemba kweAnadyr muromo uye akasvikira muromo werwizi. Gare gare, Dezhnev akagadzira dhirowa reAnadyr, akarondedzera zvakadzama kushambira parwizi uye chimiro chedunhu ndokutaura nezve Eskimos aigara pamhenderekedzo yeiyo Chautka Peninsula uye mune zvitsuwa zvepedyo.
Mushure mebasa remakore gumi nematanhatu paAnadyr, mukudonha kwa 1650, dezhnev akatora kuedza kusingafadzi kusvika kuPenzhina Rwizi (Kamchatka ndima) uye akadzoka kumashure. Imwe nehafu makore gare gare, Dejnev akavhura hombe marine fanhead pane isina kudzika (corgi) munzvimbo yeAnadyr. Kugadzirwa kwepafupa reWalrus raive sosi yakasimba yemari, iyo yaisakwanisa kutaurwa pamusoro pefudzi.
Muna 1654, biography yeiyo ivandevich yembeu dzisingadzorere nemakwikwi maviri - pamacheche (vagari vemo (vagari veCocigoous vagari vechakomo) uye Koryakov (vagari vemo veKamchatka). Munguva yekuvhunduka neyekutanga dezhnev, rova banga muchipfuva. Rwendo rwechipiri rwaidikanwa, sezvo iyo Koryaki yakasarudza iyo Walruss paiyo "Russian corge", kuva avo vakwikwidzi vakwikwidza.
Kubva muna 1662, dezhnev akawana nzendo nhatu refu: kubva kuYakutsk kuenda kuMoscow uye kumashure, makore mana gare gare zvakare muguta guru, kubva kune muongorori asina kudzoka.
Hupenyu Hwako
Dhezhnev haana kuverenga, saka vamwe vanhu vakanyorera kumuitiro ake kwaari - vakakumbirwa Atamani kana zvichidikanwa.
Pakanga paine vakadzi vashoma vekuRussia muYakutia, saka seruner vaiwanzoora jaketi. Saka dejnev akaroora kaviri - vese vakaroora vaive jekete. Mukadzi wekutanga weNavigator akazova Abhaiwa Sichu, uyo akamupa Mwanakomana woMudiwa wake - shure kwaakashanda muYakutskaya voivoDenship. Pamwe, Dejnev akaunza Hichu kubva kuYana river kana kuti aibva kuLensky Yakuts. Iko hakuna data chaiyo pane izvi. Izvo zvinongozivikanwa chete kuti kusiira kwemumwe wako mushandirapamwe unotevera, Abayday akabhabhatidzwa pamurwi weko uye akagamuchira zita reOrthodox.
Abakayda, sezviri pachena, akatofa apo Dezhnev paakadzoka kubva kuMoscow muna 1666, saka muridzi wevaridzi vemugari wemupengo weMunharaunda wemunharaunda, Coldemine (Dremine). Mukadzi uyu aive akura, kubva kumuchato wake wekutanga aive nemwanakomana Onowip. Mumazuva iwayo vechirikadzi nekukurumidza, vakaroora vakavimbika, kunyangwe nevana nevana.
Nhaka kubva kune vakapfeka blackmith yakaramba iripo estate - iyo beml pachitsuwa ichi pedyo neYakutsk. Dezhnev akasimbisa kutora hanya nanho uye tevera hupfumi. Muwanano yechipiri, mwanakomana waAthanasius akaberekerwa mhodzi dzaIvheni dzavaIvheni, dzakaita sababa vake, dzakashanda naAnadyr. Imwe nzira inotaurwa mumashoko akasiyana-siyana - yenhoroondo dzinovimbisa kuti izvi hazvisi zvemukadzi wechitatu weDzhnev. Pelagia - zita reChristian, iro rakapihwa kudonha panguva yekubhabhatidza.
Pamwe, Dejnev, sevashandi vazhinji, nekuda kwevakadzi veYakut nehama yavo vaigona kutaura vakasununguka mumutauro wavo, izvo zvakamubatsira mumushandirapamwe.
Rufu
Muna 1671, mushure mebasa rinotevera, dezhnev akaenda kuMoscow. Nekudaro, kwemakore mazhinji ekuedzwa zvinorema nekutonhora uye nzara, kuomarara munguva yechando uye zhizha, pamwe nemaronda mazhinji akaisa hutano hweIvanovich mbeu. Muguta guru, airwara zvakanyanya, takatadza kudzoka nekudzokera kuYakutia.
MuMoscow, muongorori akararama kweanenge gore uye pakutanga kwa 1673 akafa - izvi zvakanzi "bhuku rakabikwa" remubhadharo weiyo Yakutsk Yakutsk. Panguva yekufa, Dezhnev akange ave nemakore makumi manomwe, anenge makumi mashanu azvo aakapedza mukushambira nekushambadzira.
Uko muviri waAtaman uchizorora, hazvizivikanwe. Muzana ramakore rechi 17, muMoscow, hazvina kuendeswa kuti vaite masangano makuru - mushakabvu akavigwa padhuze nemachechi ane pembambo, uye pakanga paine tembere zhinji muguta guru.
Kuvhura uye Kubudirira
- akavhura rwizi rweKolyma;
- akavhura madhiri achiparadzanisa mainland maviri;
- Wekutanga akapfuura kubva kuArctic Ocean mune yakanyarara;
- Akavhura rwizi Anadyr uye akadzidza dziva rake;
- Akafunda mugumo wemabvazuva weAsia.