Biography
Fernan Magellan akazadzisa hope dzaChristopher uye rakazova wekutanga wakashanyira pasi rese. VaNavigator vakawana kuwanikwa kwenzvimbo: Akava munhu akabatwa nenzvimbo itsva uye kutambudzika, uye zvakare airatidza kuti pasi rakabiwa.
Kazhinji zvinoitika kuti nzvimbo uye nguva yekuzvarwa kwevanhu vakuru isingazivikanwe. Biography chaiyo yeFernan Magellan haina kusvika kune vakorarama panguva, kuti iwe ugone kutonga hupenyu hweanofamba chete nekufungidzira masayendisiti.
Sekureva kwevanyori venhoroondo, Fernan akaberekwa pakupera kwezana ramakore rechigumi nemashanu, muna 1480. Asi nezve zuva rekuzvarwa, masayendisiti anodzosera mune maonero: Vamwe vanofunga kuti chiitiko ichi chakaitika musi waGumiguru 17, nepo vamwe vachivimba kuti munguva yemberi inozvarwa munaNovember 20. Guta reMagebellan rinoonekwa semusha weSabrose, iro riri muPortugal, kana guta rechiteshi mune imwe nyika. Vabereki vaFernan vanozivikanwa zvakare kuti kuzivikanwa: Vane varombo, asi vakanaka kwazvo. Baba Rui (Rodrigo) di maallaine akashanda Alcald, uye amai vemufambi weArde yeAlda de umhutu (Mishkit), anoramba asingazivikanwe.
Kuwedzera kuna Fernan mumhuri makanga kuchiri vana vana.
Pakazotambidza ramangwana, aive nemuranda wedare raLoonura Avisia Avisia, mumwe wake wePortuguese King Jouana II akakwana. Panzvimbo yemitambo yedare uye kusunganidzwa kwemuranda asina kukodzera, sainzi chaiyo vaifarira: iro peji racho raiwanzoenda mukamuri uye vakadzidza kuongorora nyeredzi, cosmography uye kufamba.
Mubasa redare redzimhosva, ramangwana Navigator vakagara kusvika makore makumi maviri nematatu.
Shanduko
Muna 1498, chiPutukezi chakavhura nzira yegungwa kuenda kuIndia, saka fernun Magylan ane makore makumi maviri nemashanu, mufambi weramangwana anotumirwa kubudiriro kubasa mune ngarava, uyezve kukunda kumabvazuva pasi pehutungamiriri yaFrancischi di almeida.
Mushure mekushandira gungwa ngarava kwemakore mashanu, Magellan ari kuedza kudzokera kunyika yake, asi nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu anoramba ari muIndia. Nekuti iye wakaratidzwa ushingi uye ushingi, Fernan anowana zita remutungamiriri uye rukudzo pakati pehondo.
Muna 1512, Magellan anodzokera kuPortugal kuenda kuLisbon. Pasinei neushingi hwakaratidzwa panguva yekukunda kwemabvazuva, mumusha wevasungwa weNavigator kusangana pasina kukudzwa.
Munguva yekudzvinyirira kwekumukira muMorocco, Magane akakuvadzwa mugumbo rake, uyo akagadzira chiPutukezi chrome yehupenyu, saka aimbova mukuru akamanikidzwa kusiya basa.
Rwendo kutenderera nyika
Munguva yake yemahara, mufambi akadzidza zvakavanzika zveMambo wePortugal, kwaiwana mepu yekare yemamwe martin bejhemhema. Iyo Navigator inowana kusawirirana kwekubatanidza iyo Atlantic Ocean ine yegungwa isina kuiswa gungwa. Mepu yeGerman Geogasi uye akafuridzirwa Fernan paSeabed.
Munguva yekubvuma kwako, mubati anokumbira mvumo yekubuda kwegungwa, asi inogashira kuramba nekuda kwekuti akaita mukudzvinyirira kweMorozi anozopfuura nemambo wechishanu wePortugal Manuel kutanga. Chikonzero chekuramba chaivewo chokwadi chekuti mambo akatumira chikepe kuenda India kutenderedza Africa, saka ini handina kuona zvakanaka mumutsara wemagellan.
Asi Manuel anopa kuti anzwisise Fernan, izvo zvisingazotaure kusagutsikana kana mufambi akabva ashanda pachiPutukezi. Inishuwarenzi nokuramba kwakapinza uye kutsamwa kwaMambo Portugal Fernan Fernan kunoenda kunyika inoenda kuNyika, Spain, uko kwazvinowana imba uye ichiramba ichishanda pane iyo sealeed kutenderera nyika.
Muzana ramakore rechigumi nemashanu, munyika dzeEurope, makasimudziro mikuru uye zvinonhuwira zvaikosheswa segoridhe. MuEurope, zvinonhuwira hazvina kugadzirwa, uye maArabu akatengesa pamusika pamutengo wakakwira. Vapfumi mumazuva iwayo kwainzi kunyangwe vanonzi vanonzi vepepuru mabhegi.
Naizvozvo, zvinorehwa nehurongwa hwekutamba hwaive hwekuvhura nzira pfupi kusvika kuIndia zviwi zvezvinonhuwira. SaSpain, Fernan anotaura nezve "kamuri yeContracts" nepfungwa yemanheru rwendo, asi haagamuchire rutsigiro rwehofisi. Imwe HUang de Aranda inovimbisa magtellane kubatsira muzvikamu makumi maviri kana gungwa rekukunda zviwi zvezvinonhuwira zvichabudirira. Asi Fernan, nerubatsiro rweshamwari yeAStronomom, Rui Faler akapinda muchibvumirano chakaipa, icho chakaratidzwa zviri pamutemo neanoteerera imwe yemasere ezvisere.
Zvinoenderana negwaro rinokweverwa nepapa mune 1493: ndima dzakaratidzwa kumabvazuva ndezveshungu, uye kumadokero kwakava nzvimbo yeSpain. Mambo weSolar Nyika Karl vakatendera Fernana rwendo rwegungwa regungwa musi waKurume 22, 1518. Mutongi akatarisira kuratidza kuti zvipfuyo zvakapfuma pane iyo pepper dema uye nutmeg walnut inoswedera pedyo nekumadokero, uye, enda kuSpain, kunyangwe panguva iyoyo iyo Portuguese Coronac Acredlines muchibvumirano cheTordell.
Vagadziri vegungwa vakagamuchira chikamu chimwe chete chemakumi maviri kubva kuhupfumi hwese hwemaini panguva yekubuda.
Ngarava dzakagadzirirwa dzinogadzirwa nengarava dzekudya, ndiani angave akakwana kwemakore maviri ekugara muchikepe. 5 Ngarava dzakapinda mugungwa dzegungwa:
- Trinidad (FLAGSHIP Ngarava Magellan),
- "San Antonio",
- "Pfungwa",
- "Victoria",
- "Santiago".
Iyo Great Navigator yakaraira iyo Trinidad, uye Sarago yakachengetedzwa Juan Serran. Pamwedzi nhatu, vamiriri vakuru vaive vamiriri vechibereko cheSpanish, uye, kunyangwe huwandu hwekufamba, vafambi vegungwa vakanga varova mumwe nemumwe. MaSpanish haana kugutsikana nenyaya yekuti kutenderera-iyo-nyika yekuwedzera, iyo yaive yeiyo yaive yekuzadzisa Asia nekutevera kumadokero, unoraira chiPutukezi, ndizvo zvairamba kuteerera. Mukuwedzera, Fernan haana kuburitsa zano rekuita, iro rakonzera kufungidzira kubva kumutungamiriri. Mambo weSpain akaraira kuti Magoneke, asi maSpanish akapedza chibvumirano chakavanzika pakati pavo, icho chinozobviswa nePortuguze kaputeni, kana zvichidikanwa.
Shamwari yeMagellan, nyeredzi Rui Fallira, aisakwanisa kutora chikamu mukubuda, sezvo akatanga kurwiswa kwekupenga.
Nyika inofamba yeFernan MALELLAN yakatanga musi waSeptember 20, 1519, vafambisi vechikepe makumi maviri neshanu vakabva pachiteshi cheSan Lucaras vakananga kuCanary Islands.
Chombo chakange chiri kufamba kwenguva refu mumahombekombe eEast America mukutsvaga kweGungwa reSouthern. Team yeAgine yakava timu yakawanikwa yeiyo itschipelgogo ivhu rinowanikwa mumugwagwa wekumaodzanyemba kwekondinendi uye akanaka kwazvo, achitonga nemufananidzo wanhasi. Portuguese vakatenda kuti boka rezvitsuwa chikamu chakakosha che "nyika isingazivikanwe yekumaodzanyemba". Zviwi zvaiita zvaratidzika kunge zvisina chinhu, asi kana vafambi vakafamba nechikepe, mwenje wakavhenekerwa husiku. Fernan akatenda kuti izvi zvinoputika, izvo zvaakapa zviso zita rakabatana nemoto. Asi kutaura zvazviri, izvi maIndia akasimbisa moto.
Chombo chakaitwa pakati pePatagonia uye Pasi Pasi (Mwenje inonzi Magellan now), saka vafambi vaive muPacific Ocean.
Kubva parwendo rwenyika, rwairatidza kuti pasi rine chimiro chebhora, kuburikidza ne1081 zuva rekushambira muna 1522, ngarava imwe chete "vakadzoka nevashanu vebuki, iyo Elkano akarairwa naElkano.
Hupenyu Hwako
Kunze, Fernan Magellan haana kufanana nedzinza revakuru, sezvazvakayeuchidza zvinopfuura muridzi: Aive nechitarisiko chakafanana, uye kukura kwakasimba uye kukura kwakaderera. Mufambi akatenda kuti mumunhu chinhu chikuru hachisi chekunze data, asi zviito zvake.
Kumaodzanyemba kweSpain, Fernan Magenllan Anosangana Nechekuita Barbosa uye anoroora mwanasikana wake, Runako Beatrice. Iye mudiwa anozvarwa mumwe mwanakomana anofa nekuda kwehurwere. Mukadzi waFernan akaedza kubereka mwana wechipiri, asi haana kumira pakuzvarwa uye akafa. Naizvozvo, mufambi mukuru haana kuva nevazukuru.
Rufu
Kunyangwe iyo yekubuda kwayo yakagadzirira chikafu chinochengetera nguva isati yasvika, mushure memwedzi mishoma yezvigadzirwa zvekufambisa uye mvura yakapera. Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwechikafu, vafambi vaifanira kutsenga casing yemasaini kuti zvive zvishoma nzara. Vafambi vakarasikirwa 21 navigators vakafa kubva pakupera simba uye zing.
Vafambisi vengarava, vasina kuona Sushi nguva yakareba, vakasvika purovhinzi yePhilippine. Chikwata cheMagellan chinogona kuita kuti chikafu chive chikafu uye chengetedza kuenda kune kutenderera nyika, asi Fernan aibatanidzwa mukukakavara nemusoro wechitsuwa cheMactan Lapu-LUPU. Portuguese aida kuratidzira vatariri vepaSpain kune vanamwari uye kuronga kuwedzera kwemauto pamusoro pemaktan. Asi, kushamisika kweEuropean, ivo vakarasikirwa nekuda kwekudzidziswa zvisina kukwana uye kusanzwisisika kwevatorwa.
Munguva yehondo dzeFernan Magellan akaurayiwa, zvakaitika musi waApril 27, 1521.