Biography
Muzana ramakore rechi 17, zviratidzo zvekutanga zverusununguko zvakaonekwa muEngland. Pakadzidziswa masikirwo edzidziso uye mhedziso dzeAristotle, uzivi hweMedhiya hwakakanganikwa, sainzi yemusikirwo yakauya kuzotsiva. Zvakare, zana ramakore rechi 17 reEngland hondo yevagari, yakanyorwa neiyo shanduro yechidimbu chemameseji ezvinyorwa. Panguva iyoyo, iyo huru yeChirungu Chirungu Johane Lodke akaberekwa, avo mabasa aive akavakirwa pahwaro hwehunhu hwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwehunhu.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Muzivi wenguva yemberi akaberekerwa muna 1632 mumusha mudiki weRingtone, iri padyo neBristol County.
Baba vemukomana Johani waivapo aive mumwe wemagweta akanakisa mudunhu rakararama mukubudirira.
John Sr. Rusununguko, panguva iyoyo, apo England yakatonga Karl I, akashanda semutungamiriri weCromWard mauto panguva yeParamende. Munguva yekuchinja, Locke Senior nekuda kwekurupurudza kusingaiti kwakarasikirwa nemari yake yekuchengetedza, kupa mari kune vanoshaya. Saka, Baba vakadzidzisa Mwanakomana kuti iwe unofanirwa kuedza kurarama munharaunda.
Kubva ku biography of the amai vesaenzi, rinozivikanwa chete kuti zita rake musikana - Mambo. Ruzivo rwakawanda nezve mukadzi akaunza muzivi wenhoroondo dzevanhu haana kuuya.
Mukomana akakurira mumhuri inopikisa, hapana baba, kana amai vacho vakatsigira madzishe madzishe, uyewo havana kutsigira hurumende yeChilimant Church.
Vabereki vaJohani vakaunza mwanakomana, mumwe nemumwe wavo akaita mupiro wake kumukomana wemukomana. Saka kubva kuna baba vaBhayakarukwa JR. Kunogara nhaka yerusununguko uye nerudo kune zvidiki zvezuva nezuva, uye kubva kuchizivi kunaamai amai zvakagarwa nhaka njere.
Mukadzi wacho akatya kurasikirwa nevana, nekuti Hama John vakafa vachipinda nekuda kwehutano husina simba. Naizvozvo, mai ve locke vakagara mukutya kusingaperi pamberi paMwari uye vaigara vachinamata.
Mukomana akaunzwa kwechitendero uye zvakanyanyisa, mumitemo yePuritan. Kwenguva zhinji, mukomana aiita baba vake, achikudziridza maitiro ake, ayo, mune ramangwana, John Jr. Rumbidzo.
Senior Senior akabata mwanakomana wake kureba kubva kwaari uye mukuteerera kuzere. Iye akabva atendera zvishoma nezvishoma mukomana kuti asvike, uye iyo toni inotyisa nemirairo yakatarisana neupenyu zano reupenyu. Zvishoma nezvishoma, "sahwira" uye "suborordinate" akaenzana pakati pavo uye ivo vaiwirirana neushamwari hwakasimba.
Locke akakurira aine mukomana ane chipo uye akanyatso kuverenga. Shamwari yaBaba, Colonel Alexander Popham, yaimbopa zano kupa John Jr. MuWestminster Chikoro.
Bilosopher's bioghrahs pasina kuwedzeredza kutaura kuti Locke ndiye aive mudzidzi wepamusoro kuchikoro: Mukomana kune zvese zvidzidzo zvakabatwa nekushingaira uye nepedyo.
Muna 1652, kukiya kunopinda muYunivhesiti yeOxford, kwaanodzidza mishonga, chiGiriki nechiLatin, nezvimwewo. Sayenzi yechisikigo pamusha wechidiki akadzidzisa Robert Boyle iye amene. Mumakore eYunivhesiti, Locke akatanga kupinda muhunyanzvi hwemasvomhu, René Descartes, uyo akazova kutanga kweWorldview kuti mudzidzi.
Kumutswa kwaJohani kufarira kwakakurudzira mudzidzisi wake uye murayiridzi Robert Boyle.
Dombo rakadzidziswa Lodke kuti dzinyangadze mazwi asina kugurwa asina pfungwa, kuJohane mose akafunga kuti zvaitenda kuti hama dzaive hanzvadzi yetarenda.
Zvakare, muzivi wenguva yemberi akatanga kutevedzera dzidziso dzaJohn wilkins, aive ane hukama ne sainzi, uye sainzi Richard lowwe anoisa rudo rwejaya remushonga.
Dzidziso yeruzivo
John Locke anonyora bhuku rake rinokosha "ruzivo rwekuita kwevanhu" muna 1690. Dzidziso dzaVenyke dzakakonzera mabasa esainzi pa "mazano ekuzvarwa", izvo zvinotora mavambo muuzivi hwechiGiriki chechiGiriki chechiGiriki, uyezve dzidziso iyi inofunga nezvezana ramakore rechi 17, mabasa avo akafunda Johane afivha.
"Mazano ekuzvarwa" ndiwo ruzivo rwevanhu zvisingagoni kutengwa, sezvazvakaita zvavari pamanzwiro. Ndokunge, izvo nheyo inotungamira mukubvumirwa kwevanhu kwevanhu nekuda kwe "madzishe".
Asi John Locke haana kutsigira dzidziso iyi, asi pane kupokana, akaita sejisikidza pamusoro pechiitiko ichibva pane chakatarisana nemaonero. Maererano neuzivi hweuzivi, vanhu vanosarudza mamwe mazano (semuenzaniso, zviwanikwa zvekurapa) kwete nekuda kwe "noutention", asi nekuda kwekushandiswa. Vesayenzi vakatenda kuti hwaro hweruzivo rwevanhu ndihwo ruzivo rwehupenyu hwave kuvakwa pane mafungiro epanyama.
Pfungwa dzakaomarara dzinogadzirwa nechikonzero uye zvine mazano akareruka. Uye pfungwa dziri nyore dzinomuka semhedzisiro yehupenyu ruzivo rwemunhu: Munhu ane "pepa risina chinhu", iro rizere nehupenyu Reflexia.
Nekudaro, John Locke anodzinga nemarambi, akanyora kuti mweya uri kugara uchifunga, uye kufunga chiratidzo chechigarire chemweya.
Maererano neiyo muzivi weChirungu, ruzivo ruzivo, uye sekufunga kwesimbi, kufunga ndeye priori mamiriro emunhu.
John Locke ndiye Mufungo mukuru wezana remakore rechi 19, asi mhedziso dzose dzeyesainzi dzisina kukudziriswa dzakazvimirira, asi nekuda kwedzimwe huwandu. Naizvozvo, kunyangwe uchishandurudzo kududzirwa nekunakidzwa kwekufunga, Johane Lodke ari kumunyori wese asina kuzadzikiswa wePfungwa dzeParaficical.
Mu "ruzivo rwehungwaru hwevanhu", pesvedzero yePsychologist Thomas Gobbs uye Fizikisi yaIsaka Newton inogona kuteedzerwa.
Pfungwa yemunzvimbo yemuno muchokwadi kuti nyika ishoma uye nzvimbo iri mukuzvisarudzira kwepfungwa dzakakwirira - Mwari. Chisikwa chimwe nechimwe chinofambidzana nevamwe uye chine chinangwa chayo. Chinangwa chemunhu ndiko kuziva uye nekuremekedza Mwari, nekuda kwekuti bliss pasi pano uye neimwe nyika inosvika.
Pedagogy
Mushure kupenya kuguma Oxford University, Locke anodzidzisa ane mitauro yekare vakaroorana kwemakore, asi nokukurumidza inosiya this post, nokugamuchira chikumbiro cheZvapupu Count Anthony Ashley Cooper Shefstbury. Anthory airwara zvakanyanya, John Locke akaisa kuongororwa kwakaringana. Kurwara graph kwakaita kuti John ashande senhapwa kumba uye kusimudza vakomana vaviri.
Panguva iyoyo, Locke anonyora tsamba kune shamwari Clairka uye inotaura maonero ekurerwa. Edward nenzira yakajeka akaunganidza mavara aPhilosopher akashanda sehwaro hwevashandi vepaGegagogical "pfungwa dzedzidzo."
Johane aive nechivimbo chekuti zviito zvemunhu hazvibvi kubva mukufunga kwavo, asi kubva padzidzo, izvo zvinoburitsa hunhu, zvichaita uye tsika yemunhu. Uyezve, maererano nekota, dzidzo yemuviri inofanirwa kukudziridza panguva imwe chete pamweya. Zvepanyama zviri mukuvandudza hutsanana nehutano, uye zvemweya mukuvandudza kwetsika uye chiremerera.
Pfungwa dzakarongedzerwa mumatsamba yaClairki dzinoratidza kuti Baba vakarevei kuti baba vaivapo:
- Kukura Kwemuviri, kutevedzera chirango chakasimba, tsika yezuva uye kugamuchira chikafu chakareruka;
- Kudzidzira muviri uye mitambo;
- Mwana anofanira kuenda kuzorambidza chishuwo uye ita zvinomuita kuti pfungwa uye izvozvo hazviporese tsika;
- Kubva achiri mudiki, vana vanofanirwa kudzidzisa tsika dzakanaka;
- Chirango chemuviri chemwana chinoitika chete nekusagadzikana kwekusaterera uye maitiro ekudya.
Pfungwa dzezvematongerwo enyika
Nyika yezvematongerwo enyika yaJohani Locke inoumbwa muhudiki nekuda kwevabereki.
Kubva pane zvematongerwo enyika vezvematongerwo enyika, zano rekuchinja kwenyika, rinoratidzwa mune zvakanyorwa zveuzivi: "kodzero yevanhu yekumukira udzvinyiriri" uye "kuratidzira shanduko ine mbiri ya 1688".
Maererano neuzivi hwenyika, chinofanira kuvimbisa rusununguko pachedu uye kodzero dzevanhu vepanyama. Padhodhi rekotari rinoti zviremera zvinofanirwa kusarudzwa nevanhu, munhu anofanira kuteerera mutemo unowanzogamuchirwa, uye usangoerekana wanyatsochinjisa.
Johani akatanga zvakare kuisa pfungwa yekuparadzaniswa kwevakuru uye kwaive kuzvipira kufungidziro yechibvumirano cheveruzhinji.
Iyo nyika inosungirwa kuvimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwemunhu wega wega uye nhaka yayo, uye kugadzirisa mabasa echiitiko chemhosva. Nekudaro, iyo Lockeya ine pfungwa yedunhu repamutemo mamiriro uye simba remutemo.
Hupenyu Hwako
Mukupenya uye kusurukirwa, John Locked yakapfuura Kant. Zvaizoita sekuti muzivi mukuru munhu mupenyu ane rudo hupenyu. Zvisinei, kana kant akawana imba uye nemuranda panopera hupenyu hwake, ipapo iyo denda yakanga isina imwe. Johnna aive asina pekugara akapedza hupenyu hwese mudzimba dzekunze semudzidzisi, muenzaniso - nyaya naAnthony.
Johane haana kuzviisa pachinangwa chekuwana zviitiko zvepakati, zviito zvake zvese zviri kuperedzeka. Iye aivimba chiremba wake kana mumwe munhu angamubvunza kuti, zvematongerwo enyika akadzidza pazvinogoneka, nezvimwewo
Johane Johane haana kutengesa zvinhu zvacho kunzvimbo yezvinhu, uye aigadzirira hupenyu hweramangwana, iro, tichitonga rugwaro dzvene, takamirira munhu mune imwe nyika yaipfuura. Izvo zvinokwanisika kutsanangura izvi sekunyengera kweiyo Lockey uye hutano hwayo husina simba. Dzimwe nguva vanhu vanorwadza vanogara marefu, asi vachigara vachigadzirira rufu, vachizviongorora sevashanyi munyika ino.
Pakanga pasina vakadzi nevana vesaenzi. Locke akaedza kubatanidza pfungwa mbiri mbiri mbiri - chitendero nesainzi.
Rufu
Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu, Locke akapedzerwa mumba menyika neye mumwe anozivikanwa erimeris mashem, akatsiva mwanasikana wake. Mukadzi wacho anoyemura muzivi, saka tsika dzekotwa dzakatonga mhuri yake.
Mukukwegura, Loadke akarasa kunzwa kwake, kupfuura iye airwadziwa kwazvo, nekuti haana kunzwa vatauri vake.
Muzivi akafa kubva kuAsthma muna Gumiguru 28, 1704 aine makore makumi manomwe nemasere. Masayendisiti anovigwa pedyo nenzvimbo yekupedzisira yekugara.
Quotes
- "Chero chipi zvacho chinobva mukunakidzwa kana kutambudzika."
- "Kashoma pane chimwe chinhu chakanyanya kukosha kuti zivo, yehupenyu hwakanyarara uye nekubudirira kwezvese nyaya pane kugona kwemunhu kuve nemifungo yavo."
- "Ushingi hwechokwadi hunoratidzwa mukudzikama kudzikama uye mukuzadziswa kwechikwereti chake, kunyangwe paine njodzi uye njodzi."
- "Zviito makumi maviri zvinogona kuregererwa pane kutyora kumwe kwechokwadi."
- "Mumunhu, zvakarererwa zvisina kunaka, ushingi hunova hutsinye ..."