Biography
Christopher Columbus ndeyekufamba kweSargassovo uye iyo Caribbean Gungwa, Bahamas uye Continter Continters Fialers, iyo yekutanga yevafambi vakakurumbira, yakakurisa mafambisi eAtlantic.
Maererano nekupupurira kwakasiyana-siyana, Christopher Columbus akaberekerwa muna 1451 muGenoa, mundima yeiyo yazvino Corsica. Maguta matanhatu eItaly neSpanish anoti kodzero yekudaidzwa kuti Amai vake. Huduku uye hujaya hweNavigator zvinozivikanwa zvakanyanya, chero pasina, iko kwakatangira mhuri yeColumbus.
Vamwe vaongorori vanodaidza Columbus Italian, vamwe vanotenda kuti vabereki vake vakabhapatidzwa nevaJudha, vaRarani. Kufunga uku kunotsanangura huwandu hunoshamisa hwedzidzo, iyo Christopher, kusiya mhuri yevakawanda vasina kusimba uye vakadzi veimba.
Maererano nezvevamwe vanyori venhoroondo nevarume vepamhondi, Columbus pasi pemakore gumi nematanhatu vakadzidza kumba, paaive nezivo yakajeka mune masvomhu, vaiziva mitauro yakati, kusanganisira Latin. Iye mukomana aive nevanun'una vatatu uye hanzvadzi, uye vese vakadzidziswa nevadzidzisi vanouya. Mumwe wehama, Giovanni, akafa muhuduku, hanzvadzi yechiBiankell yakasimuka ndokuroora, uye Bartolomeo naGiacolomeo neGiaato inoperekedza Columbus mune ake matsikani.
Zvingangoita, Columbam, rubatsiro rwakazara rwunoratidzwa nevanopokana, vakapfuma vane mari yemari kubva kuMarranov. Ndiwo mubatsiri wavo, jaya racho rinobva kumhuri yevarombo rova yunivhesiti yePadua.
Semunhu akadzidza, Columbus aiziva dzidziso dzechiziviso chekare zvechiGreek uye vanofunga vanoratidza nyika nebhora, uye kwete pani yekurudyi, sekutenda kweMiddle Ages. Nekudaro, pfungwa dzakadaro, sekutanga kwavanga mune zvevaJudha panguva yekubvunzana, izvo zvakaburitswa muEurope, zvaifanira kuvanza zvakakwana.
Payunivhesiti, Columbus akatanga shamwari dzake nevadzidzi nevadzidzisi. Mumwe wevadiwa vake aive nyeredzi Toskanlyli. Maererano nekuverenga kwayo, zvakagoverwa kuti kudiwa neIndia, kupedzisa hupfumi hwakazara, hwaive pedyo zvakanyanya nechikepe kumadokero, uye kwete kumabvazuva, mupfumi weAfrica. Gare gare, Christopher akabatsira kuverenga kwake, iko, kuve kwakashata, kusimbisa toskanlyli hypothesis. Saka kurota kwemanheru kumadokero kwakazvarwa, uye columbus yake yakapa hupenyu hwake hwese.
Kunyangwe vasati vapinda kuyunivhesiti, mwana wechidiki ane makore gumi nemana christopher akasangana nemarungu achidzungaira. Baba vakaita mwanakomana weanenge mwanakomana wekutenga wekudzidza hunyanzvi hwekufambisa, hunyanzvi hwekutengeserana, uye kubva panguva ino zvichienda mberi, iyo Biography yeColumbus-Maritavochor yakatanga.
Kufamba kwekutanga kweColumbus munzvimbo yeUni yakaita seMediterranean seas uko nzira yekutengeserana uye yehupfumi pakati peEurope neAsia kuyambuka. Panguva imwecheteyo, vatengesi veEurope vakaziva nezvepfuma nenzvimbo dzegoridhe dzeAsia neIndia, izvo zvakavhurazve silika nezvinonhuwira kubva kunyika idzi.
Iye murume wechidiki akateerera nyaya dzinoshamisa kubva mumuromo wevatengesi vekumabvazuva uye akafamba hope kuti dzirege kusvika kumahombekombe eIndia kuitira kuti awane pfuma yake uye kupfuma.
Shanduko
Mune makumi manomwe ezana ramakore rechigumi nemashanu, Columbus vakaroora Felipe monis kubva kumhuri yePortian-yepamuta. Mutemo weChristuhori, akagara muLisbon uye akaenda kugungwa pasi pemureza wePortugue, aivawo neanofamba. Pashure porufu, akasiya mamepu emaritime, Diariari uye mamwe magwaro akagarwa nhaka kuColumbus. Maererano navo, mufambi akaramba achidzidza geography, nepo panguva imwechete achifunda mabasa ePiccolomini, Pierre de Aili, Marco Polo.
Christopher Columbus akatora chikamu mune anonzi anonzi kuchamhembe kwekunwa kwekuchamhembe, sechikamu chacho chakapfuura nzira yake kuburikidza neBritish Islands uye Iceland. Zvichida, kune anofamba naNavigator uye akanzwa Scandinavia Sagas nenyaya nezve vikings, Ericsson Ericsson, uyo akasvika kumaodzanyemba kwe "pasi", akatarisa kuAtlantic Ocean.
Iyo nzira, iyo inobvumidzwa kusvika kuIndia West, Columbus yakadzoka muna 1475. Akaunza zano rechinangwa chekukunda kwenyika nyowani mudare revatengesi veGenesese, asi havana kusangana nerutsigiro.
Makore mashoma gare gare, muna 1483, Christopher akakwezvwa nechinhu chakafanana nePortuguese King Juan II. Mambo akaunganidza kanzuru yesainzi, uyo akaongorora chirongwa cheGenese uye akawana kuverenga kwake kusarurama. Kugumbuka, asi iyo isina kusarudzika Columbus yakasiya Portugal uye akatamira kuCastle.
Muna 1485, Navigator vakabvunza vateereri kubva kumambo weSpanish, Ferdinand naIsabella Cassilskaya. Vakaroora vakamugamuchira, vakateerera hupfumi hweIndia Kolumbus, uye zvakafanana neutongi hwechiPutukezi, masayendisiti akaunganidzwa kukanzuru. Basa racho harina kutsigira iyo navigator, nekuti mukana weWestern nzira yakazivisa shangu-yakafanana neyepasi, iyo inopokana nedzidziso dzeChechi. Columbus haana kuziviswa munyengeri, asi mambo ane mambokadzi akafamba uye akafunga kudzosera chisarudzo chekupedzisira kusvikira hondo yapera.
Columbus, iyo isina kuzadza nyota yakawanda yekuwanikwa, yakadii kuwana yakakura, ichichengeta ichivanza izvo zvekufamba kwekufamba, kutumira mameseji kuChirungu neFrench Monarchum. Karl naHeinrich haana kupindura tsamba, achiva akabatikana zvematongerwo enyika emukati, asi mambo wechiPutukezi akatumira kokero kuti aenderere mberi nekukurukurirana kwekubuda kwevanofamba.
Pakazivisa izvi muSpain, Ferdinand naIsabella akapa michina yechikepe chengarava kuti vatsvage rwendo rwekumadokero kuenda kuIndia, kunyangwe hazvo muto weSpanish murombo uregere asina mari yeiyi bhizinesi. Iwo madzishe akavimbisa kdc musoro wakanaka, zita remudiwa uye nemudzimai wenyika dzese dzaaifanira kuvhurika, uye aifanira kukweretwa kubva kumabhangi uye vatengesi.
Madzishe mana columbus
- Kuongororwa kwekutanga kwaChristopher Columbus kwakaitika muna 1492-1493. Pane ngarava nhatu, Karavelah Pinton (Iyo Martin Alonso Pinons) naNaniya Sailboat "Santa Maria", vakafamba-famba neAtlantic Ocean, kuvhura nzira yeSargassovo Sea, uye vakasvika Bahamas. Musi waGumiguru 12, 1492, Columbus akapinda mupasi kwechitsuwa cheSamamu, anonzi San Salvador. Iri zuva rinoonekwa sezuva rekuvhura America.
- Kubuda kwechipiri kweColumbus kwakaitika muna 1493-1496. Mumushandirapamwe uyu, antilles madiki, Dominica, Haiti, Cuba, Jamaica akavhurwa.
- Iyo yechitatu yekubuda inoreva nguva kubva pa1498 kusvika pa1500. Flotilla kubva kumatare matanhatu kusvika kumatare matanhatu akasvika kuzvitsuwa zveTrinidad naMargarita, kuisa kutanga kwekuvhurwa kweSouth America, uye yakapera muHaiti.
- Munguva yeKudya kwechina, Christopher Columbus akafamba nechikepe, akashanyira Honduran Gulf uye akaongorora mhenderekedzo yeCentral America muchikepe cheCaribbean.
Kuwanikwa kweAmerica
Maitiro ekuvhura nyika itsva akatambanudzwa kwemakore mazhinji. Chinhu chinoshamisa kwazvo icho Columbus, kuve munhu anogutsa uye ane ruzivo ane ruzivo, akatendwa kusvika pakupera kwemazuva ake akatenda kuti akange avhura nzira yeAsia. Bahamas, akavhurika mukutanga kwekutanga, aiona chikamu cheJapan, akateverwa neChinese China, uye kumashure kwake - uye akarudzira India.
Columbus yakavhurwa sei uye nei iyo nyika nyowani yakawana zita romumwe mufambi, Amerigo Vospucci? Rondedzero yezvakawanikwa inoitwa nemufambi mukuru uye neyeveverki inosanganisira San Salvador, Cuba naHaiti, veGungwa reSargassovo Sea.
Mukubuda kwechipiri, ngarava gumi nenomwe dzinotungamirwa nemhenderekedzo "Maria Galant" yakaenda. Rudzi urwu rwechikepe rwaisaridzwa mumatani mazana maviri uye dzimwe ngarava dzakabatwa chete nevatyairi vechikepe, asiwo colonizer, mombe, mombe, mafupa. Nguva yese iyi, Columbus yakagutsikana kuti akavhura Western India. Ipapo maAntils, Dominica uye Gudeloupe akavhurwa.
Iyo yechitatu yekubuda yakatungamira ngarava dzeColumbus kune iyo kondinendi, asi iyo Navigator yakaodzwa mwoyo: India nemapendi egoridhe haana kuiwana. Kubva pakufamba uku, Columbus akadzokera kumisha yapomerwa mhosva yekushora kwenhema. Usati wapinda muchiteshi chemakungwa, zvakabviswa kubva pazviri, asi mazita akavimbiswa uye mazita evaNavigator akarasika.
Rwendo rwekupedzisira rweChristopher Columbus rakapera nekupaza kupaza mahombekombe eJamaica uye hosha yakaoma yemusoro weiyo mushandirapamwe. Akadzokera kunorwara, asingafadzi uye akatyora kukundikana. Amerigo Vospucci aive shamwari yepedyo uye muteveri waColumbus, uyo akatora mafambiro mana kusvika kuchiedza chitsva. Iri zita rinonzi kondinendi yose, uye zita reColumbus uye kwete kusvika kuIndia, imwe nyika muSouth America.
Hupenyu Hwako
Kana iwe uchitenda vaparidzi veChristopher Columbus, wekutanga aive Mwanakomana wake, Navigator vakaroora kaviri. Muwanano yekutanga ine Felipe monis yaive pamutemo. Mukadzi akazvara mwanakomana wafego. Muna 1488, Columbus akaberekerwa mwanakomana wechipiri Fernando, kubva mukukurukurirana nemukadzi anonzi Beatris Erises de Aran.
VaNavigator vakaenzana pamwe nevanakomana vaviri, uye mudiki akatotora nguva yekubuda naye apo mukomana akatendeuka makore gumi nematatu. Fernando akazova wekutanga akanyora biography yeanozivikanwa mufambi.
Pashure pazvo, vese vanakomana veColumbus vakava vanhu vane simba uye vakatora nzvimbo dzakakwirira. Diego yaive vice yechina-mambo weNew Spain neAdmiral India, uye vazukuru vake vaizivikanwa Marquisia yeJamaica uye Duke of Verague.
Fernando Columbus, uyo akazova munyori uye sainzi, akafarirwa nenyasha dzemambo weSpanish, aigara mumuzinda waMarble uye aive nemari yegore negore francs. Mazita aya neupfumi zvakawana vazukuru veColumbus sechiratidzo chekucherechedzwa nemadzitateguru eSpanish pamberi pekorona.
Rufu
Mushure mekuvhurwa kweAmerica kubva pakuratidzwa kwekupedzisira, Columbus akadzokera kuSpain aine murume anochengeterwa murume akafa. Muna 1506, kusunungura kwechiedza chitsva chakafa muhurombo mumba diki muLaladolid. Iyo yekuchengetedza yeColumbus yakashandiswa pakubhadhara kune zvikwereti kune vatori vechikamu vekupedzisira kwekupedzisira.
Nguva pfupi mushure mekufa kwaChristopher Columbus kubva kuAmelhebhari, ngarava dzekutanga dzakatanga kuuya, dzakatakurirwa negoridhe, iyo yakarota yeiyo navigator. Vanyori venhoroondo zhinji vanobvuma kuti Columbus aiziva kuti haana kusiya Asia kwete India, asi kondinendi nyowani, isingazivikanwe, asi hupfumi hwakasiririswa nhanho imwe chete.
Kuonekwa kwemvumo yekutanga kudzoreredza kweAmerica kunozivikanwawo mumufananidzo munhoroondo zvinyorwa zvinyorwa. Pendi shoma dzakapfurwa pamusoro peColumbus, iyo yekupedzisira yaive iyo firimu rekugadzirwa kweFrance, England, Spain neUSA "1492: Kukunda Paradhiso." Zvivakwa zvemurume uyu mukuru akaiswa muBarcelona naGranada, uye madota ake kubva kuSeville akaendeswa kuHaiti.