Biography
Martin Luther King ndiye mufananidzo mukuru weAmerican, anorwa kodzero dzevanhu uye rusununguko. Mukurukuri akaberekwa akazova Laureet of the nobel mubairo wenyika, uye mazano ayo ekuenzana akazova hwaro hwekuita nzanga yemazuva ano yakanaka. Uyu murume anga ava chiratidzo chenyika chekurwisa rusununguko muUnited States, uye nemaonero ake vanhu vazhinji pasi rese vanobvuma.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Kuzana ramakore rezana ramakore rechi 20 muEurope. Kunyangwe uranda hwakabviswa muna Zvita 1865 nekuda kwehondo yevagari, mafungiro akananga kuhondo yevagari vemo pamusaruro havana kuchinja, nekuti nyika iri pachigadziko chevarambi haina kuita kuti vadzivirire vanhu vane ganda rerima.
Iyo mavara yakatenderwa mukodzero uye inoonekwa sevanhu vechipiri giredhi. Ivo vaisakwanisa kuwana basa rakajairika uye vakanyimwa kodzero yekusarudza. MuAmerica, mushure mehondo yevagari vemo, mitemo isiri yemitemo yaJohn crowe, zvinoenderana neko isingazivikanwe vashoma vaisakwanisa kumira pamurume nemurume chena. Vanhu vakafungidzirwa kune ruvara rwehuwandu pamwe chete chidimbu chidiki cheNegro ropa.
Panguva ino, Martin Luther Memuzed Mambo akaberekwa muna Ndira 15, 1929, Martin Luther King, mambo weAtlanta, ari muGeorgia, iri kumaodzanyemba kweAmerica. Kumaodzanyemba, mazhinji ezve negro huwandu hwekirasi yepakati yakatarisana.
Martin Luther baba vaMartin Luther mambo aive mufundisi muchechi yeBaptist, uye Amai Albert Williamy akashanda semudzidzisi. Musoro wemhuri pakutanga wainzi Mikaeri, asi Akachinja zita rake uye zita reMwanakomana paaive nemakore matanhatu.
Martin Jr. aive mwana wechipiri mumhuri, uye kuti arege kutaura kuti madzimambo aigara zvisina kunaka: Mhuri yeramangwana rekurwa kwekuenzana kwekirasi iri pamusoro peavhareji uye akagara mukubudirira.
Mambo vakarererwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akasimba uye echitendero, nekuda kwekusazvibata vabereki dzimwe nguva vaishandisa chirango chemuviri. Asi Martin Senior uye Albert Williams akaedza kuchengetedza mwanakomana wake kubva mukuvengwa kwerudzi.
Iye mukomana paaive nemakore matanhatu okukura, shamwari yake yakatamba naye muchivanze, akangoerekana aziva kuti amai vacho vaisatendera kushamwaridzana naMartin, nekuti iyo nhema. Mushure mekuitika kwaAlbert, Williams akaedza kunyaradza mukomana uye akataura kuti Martin aive asina kutonyanya kupfuura vamwe.
Poru paakachinja makore gumi, akaimba icho chour yekereke yeBaptist. Panguva iyoyo, Atlanta yaive yekutanga yefirimu "yaenda nemhepo", uye choir yakatora chikamu pachiitiko ichi.
Zvechinyorwa zvezvematongerwo enyika zvakavandudzwa kunze kwegore, Martin Luther mambo ane kukudzwa kwakadzidzwa muNegro chikoro. Iye mukomana haana kuzopedzisa makore gumi nemaviri uye gumi nemaviri, sezvaakazvimirira akadzidza iyo Curriculum chikoro uye yakapinda iyo University of Morhauz kunze kwemakore gumi nemashanu. Muna 1944, Martin anova anokunda kumakwikwi evatauri, ayo akaitirwa muGeorgia pakati pehuwandu hwevanhu.
Panzvimbo itsva yekufunda, mambo anopinda mu "Sangano reNational Association yekufambira mberi kwePurfost" uye anodzidza izvo zvinopesana nerusununguko rwavanoita serima uye chimwe chena.
Muna 1948, Martin anopera yunivhesiti uye anogashira iyo degree re bachelor of Sociology. Semudzidzi, Martin Luther Mambo anobatsira baba vake muChechi yeEbesuker. Pabasa raMambo, rombo reruzhinji nhamba yaive yeruzhinji muenzi: Muna 1947, murume wacho akagamuchira mubatsiri weSan muchechi.
Politicician inoenderera mberi nekufunda mumashoko ebhaibheri weCrowzer muguta reChester, ari muPennsylvania. Ikoko, ramangwana rekuchinja rinowana iyo Degree yeDr. Informando muna 1951, asi inoenderera mberi nezvidzidzo zvake muBoston vakapedza chikoro uye muna 1955 anogashira degree rePh.5 ..
Chiitiko
Martin Luther King akaenda akatsika tsoka dzaBaba naSekuru, uye muna 1954 mufundisi anova mufundisi muchechi yeBaptist. Muhupenyu hwese, murume aive achifambisa pfungwa dzerusununguko uye kuenzana kwevanhu. Mambo ane hunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa maitiro, akatumira kunzira kurudyi.
Martin aive ari mutambi anoshanda paNatofal, asi muna 1955 akazova musoro wesangano rekuvandudzwa muMontgomery.
Martin Luther mambo akananga kutamba kwemitsetse yemabhazi muMontgomery. Sekureva kwechibvumirano chisina kujairika, vafambi veruvara havana kodzero yekugara mitsara mina mina yebhazi, iyo yaiitirwa vagari vemo. Zvakare, vamwe vatyairi vebhazi vakaita zvisina kukwana uye vakabvumira kutukwa kune vekuAfrica maAmericanans. Veruzhinji mutambi mutambi Rosa ndima akaramba kupa nzira ku "murume ane" murume, uyo akasungwa nemapurisa emuno. Uye izvi hazvisi zvekutanga zvekupokana neruzhinji, muUnited States kwaive nemaitiro emafaro ekusungwa kwevanhu vasina mhosva vakasviba. Mutyairi webhazi haana kutyisidzira chero chinhu, kunyangwe akapfura mutakuri weAfrica American.
Martin Luther King, haachinjiki nedambudziko reruzhinji, akaronga kusiri kwechisimba kwekutakura, mune iro rakasviba rakasviba. Kuratidzira kwacho kwakagara zvinopfuura gore, mazuva makumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemashanu. Ruvara rwakaramba kufambisa paruzhinji zvekufambisa uye vakafamba netsoka nekudana kwerusununguko uye kuenzana. Dzimwe nguva mota dzeAfrican American dzakatyaira kwavo, asi ivo havana kushandisa veruzhinji. Vanenge zviuru zvitanhatu vanhu vakatora chikamu muhomwe.
Chiitiko chenguva refu chakabudirira, muna 1957 Hurumende huru yeUS yakasarudza kuti kukanganisa kwekodzero dzezvimwe zvidimbu muAlabama inopokana neUS Bumbiro, uye nguva inoburitsa mafoni naMartin pabumbiro.
Havasi vanhu vese vakatsigira Mambo, panguva yekuratidzira kwakadzokororwa nguva dzose, uye vakaedzawo kuputika imba. Martin Luther King akazova fomu yehuwandu hwevanhu, pamwe nechiratidzo chekurwira kuenzana kwerusununguko uye kodzero. Zvekuumbwa naMambo, nzira isiri yekushambadzira Martin Luther King yakapihwa mubairo weNobel Preace.
Zvakare Mambo akaunganidza kuratidzwa kwe chero kuratidzwa kwekusaririra. Saka, muna 1962, Martin anopinda munharaunda "kufamba kwevaKristu veAlabamu nekuda kwekodzero dzevanhu." King akakurudzirwa kutora chikamu mukuratidzira kwevadzidzi veyunivhesiti vaienda kunorara. Kunyangwe Martin Luther King, Martin Luther mambo aive nechisimba chechisimba, mapurisa akatadzisa anoratidzira, semuenzaniso, pane varatidziri vadzidzi vakaburitswa imbwa dzebasa. Mai Martin amene akadzokororwa.
Muna 1962, iyo University of Mississippi anotora mudzidzi mutema James James Meredith, uyo akazova ruvara rwekutanga akapinda mudzidzo yedzidzo. MuUnited States kwaive nevatinoshanda navo verudzi, izvo zvisina kodzero yekudzidza pane imwe chena.
Zvaifambira mberi muSangano reAmerica, asi havasi vese vakabvumirana nekunyoreswa kwevaAmerican America, semuenzaniso, Gavhuna Alabama Walalace vakabvumirana nedzidziso dzeRudzi.
Martin akavhura rukudzo uye rukudzo rwekodzero dzevanhu uye yakaramba ichirwiswa kwenguva refu nekuregererwa.
Asi kukwidziridzwa kwakakurumbira kwakaunza mukurumbira mukuru, zvakaitika muna 1963 uye akawedzera biogropu yezvematongerwo enyika. Vanenge zviuru zvitatu vagari veAmerican vakaungana paWashington vanogovana. Mambo akataura nezve kutaura kusingakanganwiki, kunotanga nemashoko anoti: "Ndine hope." Martin akarasikirwa nerudzi rwekuyananiswa uye akaudza kuti hazvina basa kuti nderupi rudzi runobata munhu, chinhu chikuru ndechekuti iye ari mukati. Vatungamiriri vaMarsha vakasangana neMutungamiri weUS Cennedy vakakurukura matambudziko akakosha munharaunda. Muna 1964, Mutemo "pane kodzero dzehurumende" dzakasainwa, dzichifuratira mudzidziso dzekodzero dzevagari vasiri vepamoyo.
Pfungwa uye Maonero
Chiyero chekutarisa mambo hachina kungogumira padambudziko rekusaririra. Izvi zvematongerwo enyika zvakaitwa kuti uwedzere uye nerusununguko rwevagari vese veUnited States of America, haana kugutsikana nedanho rekusashanda uye nzara.
Martin aiwanzofamba akataura, achidana vanhu kurwira kodzero dzinofanira kuvimbiswa kune chero munhu kubva pakuzvarwa. Zvakare, maererano naMartin Luther King, chero kurwa kweveruzhinji hakufanirwe kuve kusiri kwechisimba, nekuti zvinokwanisika kubvumirana nerubatsiro rwemutauro, uye kwete nerubatsiro rwezvakawanda nehondo. Luther akanyora mabhuku mazhinji akave hwaro hwekuita kwekurovedza muviri kurudyi uye kurongeka munharaunda.
Hupenyu Hwako
Munguva yehupenyu hwake, Martin Luther aive murume anonakidza aine maonero emutsa, airatidza muenzaniso wemurume wemhuri, murume akanaka uye baba, ane vana vana. Nemudzidzi weConservatory yeCortet Scott Martin akasangana muna 1952, achigara muBoston.
Chief chiang ndokumuda pamusoro pevabereki vake, uye vakabvuma kuroora. Muzhizha ra 1953, mambo naCortet vakaroora imba yamai vemusikana. Martin MAMBO Senior akafamba Martin.
Mukuwa kwa1954, madzimambo emhuri anofamba kuenda kuAlabam kuguta reMontgomery, uko zviitiko zvinoshanda zveMartin zvatanga.
Rufu
MunaFebruary 1968, muguta reMemphis, Tennessee akaronga kurohwa kwevarimi veAfrica American. Vashandi vacho havana kufara nekubhadhara mari yakawanikwa, pamwe nemamiriro ezvinhu nemafungiro ezvipfuyo, izvo zvaive zvakaenzana neropafadzo uye zvainge zvisina kushanda nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze akashata, anga asiri mutema, aifanira Unganidza marara kunyange mukutinhira.
Vanhu vakakwidza mheremhere kune kodzero dzekodzero dzaMartin Luther mambo, iye oga murevisi wemakiromita ehuwandu hwevanhu.
Musi waApril 3, mambo akaenda zvakare kuTennessee, asi zvematongerwo enyika aifanira kuchinja kutiza, sezvo ndege dzakawana kutyisidzira kwekuputika. Muguta, nhamba yeruzhinji yakarongedzwa kamuri 306 mune motel "Lorein".
Zuva rakatevera, Martin Luther mambo akamira pamhanza rekamuri, nepo Belokel Criminal James James Earl Ray akaitirwa zvematongerwo enyika kubva pfuti. James akapfurwa kamwechete: Bullet yakawira muJaw Martin Luther King. Wezvematongerwo enyika akafa muchipatara cheSt. Joseph pa1980. VaMartin vakati "Ndakanga ndiri pamusoro pegomo." Vateereri vanorangarira kutaurwa kubva mukutaura:
"Semunhu chero upi zvake, ndinoda kurarama hupenyu hwakareba. Longevity akanyanya. Asi ini handifunge nezvazvo izvozvi. Ini ndinongoda kuzadzisa kuda kwaIshe. "James akabata mapurisa: jaya rakanyora rakatendeka. Iye murume wacho akatenda kuti chirango chichapfava. MuDare, tsotsi rakapihwa makore 99 ekusungwa. Ipapo Ray akataura kuti haana kuponda, asi dare rakamisikidza nemhosva yemuchengeti.
Nekudaro, mune zvakaitika kuna Mambo Mambo, kune akawanda akajeka uye ane madhaka mamiriro. Semuenzaniso, yakaramba isingazivikanwe, ichi chishandiso chekuponda chakashandisa sniper, uye hapana humbowo hwakajeka hwaJames kupindira mukuedza kwamambo. Mukadzi waMartin akashanda kuti asingafare nesarudzo yedare, nekuti, mumaonero ake, mukufa kwemurume wake, tsotsi harina kupukunyuka kubva mutirongo, uye kurangana kwezvematongerwo enyika. Naizvozvo, cortet yaona nhau nezverufu rweRay, Chapupu chete.
Iye akauraya Martin mambo, uye kubva kupi chirabwe chakaburitswa nechirahwe, chisiri kugadziriswa.
Mukurangarirai nezvezvematongerwo enyika muAmerican, musi wechitatu wechitatu waJanuary ndiye "Zuva reMarinari" wechiMartin Luther King ". Pakupedzisira, zororo rave rakadzika muna 2000.
Zvakare muury memory Martin, zvinyorwa zvemakiromita zvinotaura nezve zviitiko zvaro. Guva iri rinowanikwa muNational nhoroondo Museum Martin Luther King.
Quotes
Martin Luther King anozivikanwa nezvirevo kwete chete nezve kodzero dzevanhu, asi zvakare nezve tsika. Ushingi, ushingi, kutsungirira uye nekukudzwa - pamwe, chikamu chidiki chehunhu hwekuti wezvematongerwo enyika uyo wezvematongerwo enyika aigara.
- Rudo ndirwo chete simba rinogona kutendeuka chero muvengi kushamwari.
- Kana munhu asina kuwana chimwe chinhu chaakagadzirira kuzvifira iye, haagoni kugara zvizere
- Dai ndakaudzwa kuti mangwana kuguma kwenyika kunouya, saka nhasi ndaidyara muti.
- Zvidzidzo zvesainzi zvakabata kukura kwemweya. Isu takaita matombo uye vanhu vasina kusarudzika.
- Chiyero cheyero chemagariro evanhu hazvisi zvekuti anozvibata sei pakunyaradza kaviri uye zviri nyore, asi mafambiro aanoita nguva yekurwa uye kupokana.
- Kutya kukwezva - kwakachengeteka here? Chimiro chinobvunza - chakafanana here? VANHU ZVINOKOSHA - ICHINZWA? Asi hana inobvunza - ndizvozvo here? Uye nguva inosvika kana iwe uchifanira kutora chinzvimbo chisiri chakachengeteka kana kuti wakangwara, kana kufarirwa, asi zvinoda kutorwa, nekuti ndizvo chaizvo.