Biography
Oliver Cromll - Chirungu Commander uye Shamentman weXVI-XVII emazana emakore. Akava musoro weBritish Revolution, akananga kuVazvimiririra akaparadzaniswa nePuritan, uye mumakore ekupedzisira ebasa rake rezvematongerwo enyika, akabata chinzvimbo chaIshe mubatanidzwa naShe England, Ireland naScotland.
Oliver Ciography's Biography yakatanga musi waApril 25, 1599 muguta reHuntingdon. Vabereki vake vaive varombo vechirungu vechirungu - Erizabheti mutariri naRobert Cromll. Wokupedzisira aive mwanakomana mudiki mumhuri, achibva kuna Tomas cromboll (mambo weHenry weHenry VIII, uye mubatsiri wake mukuru mukushandiswa kwekuchinja). Munguva yekutonga kwamambo uyu, madzitateguru eOliver Cromll akafambira mberi mamiriro nekuda kwekutorwa kwenzvimbo dzechechi neyekuti.
Dzidzo yepuraimari yepuraimari yakagashirwa muChikoro cheParishi yeHometown. Munguva kubva muna 1616 kusvika 1617, akadzidza kuSydney Sussex College iri yeyunivhesiti yeCambridge. Iyi koreji yaizivikanwa nemweya wePuritan. Cromll-jr. Akatanga kudzidziswa padhuze nemutemo, asi munguva pfupi akasarudza kusiya kudzidza uye kuroora mwanasikana wenharaunda.
Rufu rwaBaba rwakakanda padanho reOliver: Aifanira kurega Dzidzo Kubatsira Amai nehanzvadzi. Pakati peino nguva, akatungamira purazi, seanofanira kunge aine squire: Cook doro, yakagadzirirwa chizi, yakatengesa chingwa nemvere.
Zvematongerwo enyika
Muna 1628, Cromll akaedza kutanga mutengesi wezvematongerwo enyika. Akatokwanisa kukunda Paramende kubva muguta rekuvhima. Oliver yekutanga kutaura mune yakakwirira masimba esimba remutemo reEngland rakaitika munaFebruary 1629. Yakanga yakazvipira kudzivirirwa kwevaparidzi vePuritani. Asi muna March kwegore rimwe chetero, Mambo Karl ndakadzingira Paramende, uye Carlera Cromll yakapera, haina nguva yekutanga.
Kwemakore gumi nerimwe akatevera, Cromwell zvakare akatungamira hupenyu hweanogara munhu akajairwa. Munguva kubva muna 1636 kusvika muna 1638, akatora chikamu mukufambisa kodzero dzevaridzi vevarimi. Mumakore mashoma, Oliver Cromwell zvakare akazviratidza pamusoro pezvematongerwo enyika wenyika yake: Muna Kubvumbi uye munaNovember 1640 akasarudzwa kusvika paramende pfupi uye refu. Cromll yakava mutevedzeri kubva kuCambridge. Mukutaura kwake, iye, kunyanya, avidzivirira zvido zvehukama nyowani uye buurgeoisia.
Shona Revolution
Muna Nyamavhuvhu 1642, Shanduko yeBritish yakatanga (Hondo yeChirungu yevagari). Mauto makuru anopikisa ari munzira yekuchinja uku aive Mambo Charles ini neParamende. Oliver Cromwell akarwa kudivi rehondo yeparamende, mairi anodudzira munharaunda yemutungamiriri.
Akasarudza kutora mauto kwete kumanikidza - pachinzvimbo, aida kuwana vabati vevanozvipira, avo vaMwari kururamisira uye kurwa namambo kuchave vakadaro. Oliver Cromwell akawana "fungidziro" zvidzidzo zvepamberi pevhezi-omen aigara kuEastland.
Ivo vaive yary puritans uye vakaita zvisina mwero kupesana nemirairo yekuuraya. Nzvimbo yeCromll, yakaumbwa nevarombo ava, yakashurwa neZeleznobokim yeranga rayo rakasiyana uye kuramba.
Neuto rake, mukuru wemauto aiitirwa kurwa kwakawanda, zvishoma nezvishoma achiwana akawanda uye akakwirira mapoka. Muna 1644, akapihwa musoro wemukuru weLieutenant. Kunyanya kukosha kwehunyanzvi hwake aive muhondo yake yaive muhondo yeMartone Moore, iyo yakaitika musi waChikunguru 2, 1644, uye muhondo yeNezy, yaive nenzvimbo yekuve June 14, 1645. Hondo idzi dzakanyatsosarudza munhoroondo yeChirungu Revolution, uye pasina iyo regimental gunimental yeOliver Cromll, vaigona kupfuura neimwe nzira.
Nhoroondo yeEngland mushure mekukunda kweParamende muhondo yekutanga yevagari vakaenda nenzira yekuchinja kwebumbiro reBumbiro kubva kuMhedziso. Urove wamambo, uchingoona chete kuti mutemo wenyika richaita sei, zvakapfuura zvakapfuura. Panguva imwecheteyo, ndiwo kugona kwesangano uye simba risingaperi reOliver Cromll, vanovimba kuti anorwa nechinhu chakarurama, zvakanyanya kutungamira kubudirira kweParamende kana vachisangana namambo.
Nguva pfupi apedza kupera kweBritish, Cromwell yakada kushandurwa kweuto reHurumende. Muna 1645, akakonzera kusikwa kweuto remuenzaniso mutsva wakavakirwa pamatanho eZeleznoboki. Cromwell yakashandisa chiitiko chakawana makore akati wandei ehondo kugadzira uto rinobudirira.
Hondo Yenyika
Zvakananga panguva yeBritish Civil Hondo, Oliver CromWard yaimiririra Simba reDemolutionary Democracy. Asi mushure mekunge Paramende yakunda mauto emambo, mutungamiriri akafunga kutamira kunzvimbo ine mwero mikana yezvematongerwo enyika uye aramba zvakanyanya maonero edowirnic. Nekuda kweizvi, akambonangana nevane bellers, avo vasina kugutsikana nemhedzisiro yekuchinja kweChirungu uye vakada kuenderera mberi kwehondo.
Muna 1647, Oliver Cromll yakangoiswa pakati pemasimba matatu akakura vezvematongerwo enyika: mambo, mauto nevamiriri vePurlyterianism, vaive vhoti yakawanda. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kubva kumutungamiri wemauto akashinga uye anokurudzira, Cromwell akashanduka kuita deft uye mutemo wakanyarara, zvichibva pamauto uye varwi vane utsinye-vakaneta-vakaneta mubatanidzwa pamwe chete namambo.
Muchiitiko 1647, uto rakatora mambo. Oliver Cromll akaedza kugadzirisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu anotaura nezvemamiriro ezvinhu anochengetedzwa nemamambo. Levellera, achiri achida kuchinja zvakanyanya, akaona kutengeswa mune izvi. Uyezve kuedza wezvematongerwo enyika kuti ubatise mapato anorwadzisa, kudzivirira hondo yechipiri yevagari, iyo yakatanga muna 1648, akatadza.
Mukufamba kweshanduko iyi, oliver cromll yakapokana nehofisi uye kusimbisa uto rake, akabvuma kubatana nevanyori. MunaSeptember uye Gumiguru 1648, akarwa nehumambo muScotland uye kuchamhembe kweEngland. Mukutanga kwaGumiguru, mahoita ake akabatana naEdinburgh, uko mubatiri werunyararo anokunda akasainwa. Mumwedzi yakatevera, mukuru wemauto, akatiza kuhondo pamwe chete neuto rake, akawana kucheneswa kweimba yemota kubva kune vatsigiri vehondo dzavahedheni.
Muna 1649, cromll yakabvuma kuurayiwa kwamambo, kuparadzwa kwemamongi uye kuziviswa kweEngland neRepublic. "Silika" yakazvimiririra yakazova "silika", akananga kuOliver Cromll. Akazviratidza mutongi akaomarara: Haruki akadzvinyirira mhirizhonga, panguva yekubuda ropa, panguva iyo musoja wake asina hanya neHutsinye, akaramba aine rudo rwokudanana zvakanaka.
makore apfuura ehupenyu
Sezvo hupenyu hweOliver Cromll rakakunguruka kune zuva ranyura, kutonga kwake kwainge kwawana zvimwe zvinhu zvekuchengetedza. Iye anonzi akadzivirira wevanhu, akatanga kuvengana kuchishuvo chevanotevera kumisikidza democracy, kune zvavanoshamwaridzana. Muna 1650, akazova aloa-General of the Republic, ndiye mukuru-mukuru wemauto ayo ese ane mauto ezvemauto, ayo aida kushandiswa kuratidza udzvinyiriri.
Muna 1653, mutungamiriri akagamuchira bumbiro idzva, iro rainzi "chombo chemana". Gwaro iri rakamupa chimiro che "Ishe Dziviriro" muEngland, Ireland naScotland. Mufambiro wechirongwa chemukati weHurumende hwakanga hwamuomera: Munyika, dambudziko rezvehupfumi rakapihwa, matambudziko emagariro anoramba akaramba asina kugadziriswa. Panguva imwecheteyo, Cromll yakabudirira mugwaro rekunze, kuendesa Jamaica, kusaina chibvumirano cheSweden uye kupedzisa rugare neHolland pamitemo yakanaka kuEngland.
Kunyangwe panguva yehupenyu hweOliver Cromll, Republic haina kubviswa, uye simba rake harina kukahadzika, mutemo wemukati wemukati wemutungamiriri wakangomesa kudzoreredzwa kwemamongi ehumwe. Mushure mekufa kwake muna 1658, mwanakomana wake Richard akazova mutsivi waIshe Dziviriro, munguva pfupi yakarasika simba.
Hupenyu Hwako
Mukadzi chete Cromwell aive Erizabheti akaputika, paakawana, achisiya zvidzidzo zvake kuyunivhesiti.
Vana vasere vakaberekerwa muwanano iyi: Vanakomana Robert, Oliver, Henry naRichard, uye vanasikana Francis, Maria, Elizabheti uye Bridget.
Rufu
Oliver Cromll akafa musi waSeptember 3, 1658, chikonzero chorufu chakave mudumbu typhoid nemalariya. Mariro emutungamiri wenyika akapfuura nemafungiro akanaka uye asingazive, asi zvichangobva kuitika kuti mhirizhonga yatanga munyika, mhirizhonga, uyo anotsiva aakange asingakwanisi kutsungirira - mwanakomana wake wedangwe RRhark.
Muna 1659, vatevedzeri, vachidana pachigaro cheCharles II (Karl ndiri Mwanakomana, chibvumirano chekuuraya chaimboita kana kurova muviri wemari, kuti azadzise kuuraya postumuus. Mutumbi wacho wakagadzira maawa mashoma pamatanda, mushure mekunge musoro wake wakaiswa padanda padyo neWestminster Palace.
Chokwadi chinonakidza
- Iko kune ngano yekuti muvepo muhuduku zvishoma oliver comnell yakasangana nevezera reKarl I, vakatongerwa kuti vave mambo weEngland. Munguva yemutambo, vakomana vakauya, uye cromwell vakatopwanya mhino yake.
- Muna 1970, iyo nhoroondo yemufirimu "Cromll" yakabviswa, mugamuchiri weicho chinotungamira mune iyo Richard Harris - akagamuchira rumbidzo kubva kuFilm inotsoropodza embobhi.
- Pakutanga kweudiki, Oliver aive nehama mbiri, asi ivo vakafa vachipinda muhucheche. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mukomana akakomberedzwa nehanzvadzi nhanhatu, vaakanga anunura naye.
- Kusvika makore 46 ezera, Cromll haina kunzwa shungu dzinokosha dzezvemabasa ekuchinja. Chete paakarova zera reZeleznoboki kumari yake, uhwu rudo rwezvematongerwo enyika vakamuka mazviri uye nechido chekupedza nhoroondo yenyika yake.
- Nyamavhuvhu 3 yakashandurwa kuti ive zuva rekupedzisira mumhedzisiro yeOliver Cromll. Pakanga pane zuva iri kuti akunde mauto eScotland muDenbar, Hondo yeChardres, yaive musi waSeptember 3, Paramende yake yekutanga yakatanga kushanda, uye gare gare zuva iri rakatanga kupembererwa sezuva rekutenda. Oliver Cromll akafawo musi waGunyana 3.