Biography
Henry Ford anowanzodaidzwa kunzi "Baba" yeindasitiri yemotokari, nekuti akasika network yese yezvirimwa zvemotokari. Ford yakagamuchira 161 patent, saka iyo yakanyanya kugadzirwa inokodzera. Iyo indasitiri yakatsaurira hupenyu mukugadzirwa kwemotokari dzakachipa uye dzakatsvaga kupa muchina wekushuvira kwega kwega. Henry Ford akatanga kushandisa conveyor yemhando yekufambisa. Iyo pfungwa yebhizimusi, iyo kambani "yeFord mota", inoshanda nhasi pasi pekutungamirirwa kwevazukuru vake.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Iyo yemberi inyamati yakazvarwa musi waChikunguru 30, 1863 Purazi rababa pedyo neguta reDirbor (Michigan). William Ford vabereki naMarie Litody vakatamira kuAmerican kubva kuIreland. Mukomana akaunza nehama nhatu uye hanzvadzi mbiri.
Baba naAmai vakashanda nesimba papurazi uye vainzi vanhu vakapfuma. Asi Henry aive nechivimbo chekuti mumufambiro wehupfumi hwebasa, zvakanyanya kupfuura chibereko chebasa, saka haana kutsvaga kuenderera mberi nenyaya yevabereki.
Iye mukomana akadzidziswa chete kuchikoro chechechi uye haana kudzidza kunyange kunyora pasina zvikanganiso. Kana Ford yakava musoro wekambani, akatadza kuwoneka chibvumirano. Pane imwe nguva mupepanhau, maindasitiri akanzi "asingazivi", nekuda kweiwo ford yakaburitsa bhuku. Asi muvambi aive nechokwadi chekuti chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kuti munhu aisa kuverenga, asi kugona kufunga.
Muna 12, Henry akarasikirwa naamai vake, uye chiitiko ichi chakazunza mukomana. Pazera rimwe chete, ramangwana remberi rinotanga kuona locomobile. Ford yakafara nevashandi, vachifamba pasi pechiitiko chemotokari, uye vakasarudza mune ramangwana kuti vaunganidze muchina unofamba mune ramangwana. Asi baba vaida henry kuti vave murimi, saka kufarira kwemwana mumakaniki kwakanzwisisika kufarira kwemwana.
Zera regumi nematanhatu, Ford akaenda kuDetroit uye akazova mudzidzi mune musangano wechina. Makore mana gare gare, Henry akadzokera kuPurazi, kwaakashanda papurazi, uye usiku aive akazvibata. Kuti afambire baba vebasa rega rega basa, Ford akasika pahuro, iyo inoshanda peturu. Kupiwa kukosha kwemidziyo yakadaro, mutengi akakurumidza kuwanikwa. Henry akatengesa patent kune iyo yekugadzira Tomas Edison, uyezve akawana basa mune kambani yeiyi entrepreneur yakakurumbira.
Bhizinesi
Muna 1891, Ford akaenda kuDetroit zvakare kuti ave mainjiniya ekugadzira at thomas edison. Henry akabata chinzvimbo ichi kusvika 1899, asi munguva yake yemahara, yakaramba ichishanda pakugadzira mota. Ford haina kungoita chinhu chaanofarira, asi akararama iyo pfungwa yekugadzira mota inodhura. Muna 1893, Henry akakwanisa kuzadzisa mhedzisiro - akagadzira mota yake yekutanga.
Edison's Management haina kutsigira mashandiro emabasa uye akakurudzirwa kusiya zvisingaonekwe. Panzvimbo pezvo, muna 1899, inyama yemberi yakaenda kubasa uye ikava imwe yevaridzi vekambani yeDetroit. Asi pano murume uyu haana kugara kwenguva yakareba uye makore matatu akazosiya akasiya firm nekuda kwehungwaru mumaonero nevamwe vaivarira.
Panguva ino, kuumbwa kweiyo mwana mudiki aive asiri mukuda kukuru. Kukwezva kutarisa kwevatengi, ford kwakafambisa kutenderedza guta pamota yake. Panguva imwecheteyo, Henry aigara achisekwa uye anonzi "akasvinwa" kubva mumugwagwa. Asi murume uyu aisatya kutadza uye akazvidza kutya kurasikirwa. Muna 1902, ford yakatora chikamu mumujaho wemotokari uye akakwanisa kusvika pamberi peiyo yeUS Champion. Basa remugadziri raidenha raive kushambadzira kwemotokari uye kuratidzwa kwekuremekedzwa kwake, uye murume wacho akasvika pakuda kwemhedzisiro.
Muna 1903, bhizinesi remushandi wepamoyo rakagadzira kambani "Ford mota" uye akatanga kugadzirwa kwemotokari "Ford a". Mugadziri aida kupa vatengi mukana wani unoita sampuli yemushini chaizovimbiswa nekuvimbika uye hupfumi. Zvishoma nezvishoma, ford yakaita kuti dhizaini yemuchina zvakanyanya nyore, yakagadzirirwa mashini akasiyana siyana uye ruzivo. Iyo muvambi yakatanga kushandisa conveyor yekugadzirwa kwemotokari, iyo yaive chiratidzo chaicho. Ane tarenda bhizinesi raizadzisa babytrage muindasitiri yemotokari uye akatora chinzvimbo chinotungamira mune iyi indasitiri.
Henry Ford aisatya kunetseka uye kurwa kunyange neanopikisa akasimba. Kana mota ford yakatarisana nesystem of automers, mwana mudiki aive akapokana. Kudzoka muna 1879, George HaClden akagamuchira patent yemota chirongwa, asi haana kuzviziva. Kana mamwe makambani akaita kugadzirwa kwemotokari, muvambi akatanga kuenda kudare. Mushure mebhizinesi rekutanga rekukunda, akati wandei mafemu akatenga marezinesi kubva kwaari uye akagadzira kushamwaridzana kwevanogadzira mota.
Matambirwo aakatonga akarwisa ford akatanga muna 1903 uye akagara kusvika 1911. Iyo indasitiri yakaramba kutenga rezinesi ndokuvimbisa kuchengetedza vatengi vake. Muna 1909, Ford yakarasikirwa nenyaya yacho, asi mushure mekudzokorodza kwake, Dare rakatonga kuti vatungamiriri vese vakaita pasi peMutemo uye havana kutyora kodzero dzePatent yeAnSteden, sezvo injini yakashandiswa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kushamwaridzana kweindasitiri yemotokari kwakatanga, uye Ford vakakunda murwi wechido zvevatengi.
Kubudirira kwakauya kune ane tarenda mune 1908 pamwe nekutanga kwekuburitswa kweFord-T. Ford's Pfungwa dzakasiyaniswa nekupedzisa kupedzisa, mutengo wenyika uye kushanda. Kunyangwe Ernest Homingway akasarudza mota iyi, yakashandurwa pasi pemotokari yehutsanana.
Kutengesa kweFord mota kwakawedzera nekukurumidza, nekuti mota dzeFord dzaive dzakakwirira, asi dzisingadyi. Panguva imwecheteyo, mutengo we "Ford-t" Kwemakore makore akadonha: Kana muna 1909 mutengo wemota yaive $ 850, zvino muna 1913 yakawa kusvika ku550.
Kwa 1910, Henry Ford yeiyo Script Park chirimwa chave chivakwa. Makore matatu gare gare, gungano rinonzwisisika rakashandiswa pano. Pakutanga, jenareta rakaunganidzwa, uyezve injini. Vashandi vakati wandei vaine gumi nevaviri vaiita kuungana injini imwe neimwe, iyo yakaita mabasa akaparadzanisa uye akaderedza nguva yekugadzira. Chikamu chinofamba chakashandiswawo, nemhedzisiro iyo iyo chassis yaive nekukurumidza. Kuedza kwakadaro kwakakanganisa mapato mazhinji kune maitiro ekugadzira, kuwedzera kubereka kwayo uye kushanda zvakanaka.
Zvishoma nezvishoma, maindasitiri akatenga miganho, migodhi yemarasha uye akavhura zvidyarwa zvitsva. Saka ford yakawana kutenderera kwakazara kwekugadzira: kubva pakurwiswa kwe ore kusvika pakuburitswa kwemotokari dzakapera. Nekuda kweizvozvo, muzvinabhizinesi akasika humambo hwese hwaisavimba nevamwe makambani uye kutengeserana kwekune dzimwe nyika. Kwa 1914, Ford akaburitsa mota gumi dzemotokari kana gumi muzana yemotokari dzese dziri pasi.
Henry Ford akatsvaga kuvandudza mamiriro ekushanda kumafekitori. Kubva muna 1914, vashandi vemubhadharo vakawedzera kusvika pamadhora mashanu pazuva. Asi kuti ugamuchire mari yakadaro, vashandi vanoshandisa zvine chikonzero. Kana mari yacho ikashandiswa pakunwa, iye mushandi akadzingwa.
Kumabhizinesi, maitiro ekushanda mumatanho matatu emaawa masere akaiswa, panzvimbo pemaviri kusvika maawa 9. Zvakare, mabhizimusi akaunza rimwe zuva kubva pakubuda uye kubhadhara kuzororo. Kunyangwe vashandi vaifanira kutevedzera chirango chakaoma, zviuru zvevanhu vanokwezva mamiriro akanaka, uye ford havana kushaya vashandi. Zvakangodaro, kusvika 1941, zvidyarwa zveAmerican indasitiri chakarambidza mubatanidzwa wekutengeserana.
Pakutanga kwe20s, Ford akatengesa akawanda mota kupfuura vese vanokwikwidza muAggregate. Yemotokari gumi dzakaitwa muUS, nomwe dzakaitwa neFord. Pakati peino nguva, maindasitiri akatanga kufonera "Mambo Mota."
Kubva muna 1917, United States yakatora chikamu muhondo sechikamu chemugove. Ipapo zvidyarwa zveHenry Ford akatanga kuzadzikiswa kwemauto uye akabereka ngowani, masokisi egasi, zvidiki nematangi. Asi mubato akasimbisa kuti aisada kuita mari kuputika kweropa uye akavimbisa kudzosa mhedzisiro ye purofiti. Iyo nyika yeparutivi rwe ford yakagamuchirwa nemakomputa, iyo yakasimudza simba reindasitiri.
Pashure pehondo, muvengi ane tarenda akatarisana nedambudziko idzva - iyo Ford-T yekudonha kudonha. Iyo Assortment "Ford mota" yakanga ishoma, uye mutengi aida akasiyana siyana. Chirevo cheFord kuti anogona kupa mota yerudzi chero ruvara, kana ruvara rwakadaro rwunotema, rwakazvinyorerana kuita chokwadi, asi hapasisina zvido zvemusika. Iyo dentreprenur yakaita bhidhi pane kuwanikwa, kuita mota pachikwereti, asi iyo kambani-mukwikwidzi "motoro evanhu" yakakurudzira mhando dzakasiyana siyana uye watiza pamberi.
Kutengesa kwakawira nekukurumidza, uye kwe1927, ford kutyisidzirwa kubhuroka. Ipapo muvambi akamisa maitiro ekugadzira uye kuita kugadzira mota itsva. Ford zvakare akabatsirawo mwanakomana aakatora chikamu mukugadzirwa kwemotokari dhizaini. Mugore rimwe chetero, iyo indasitiri yakaunza iyo Ford-muenzaniso, iyo yaizivikanwa nechitarisiko chinoshamisa uye chakavandudza hunhu hwehunyanzvi. Izvi zvigadzirwa zvakadzoserwa Ford Hutungamiri hwehutungamiriri mumusika wemotokari.
Shure muna 1925, vabati vakafunga kuumba ndege, iyo yakanzi "Ford Airways". Iyo Ford yakabva yatengwa William Stound uye yakatanga kuburitsa maarilin. Pashure pacho, ford trimmimor yakanyanya kufarirwa. Iyi ndege yemutyairi yaive mukugadzirwa kwe serial panguva ya 1927-1933. Makopi a199 akagadzirwa, ayo aishandiswa kusvika 1989.
Mukati makumi maviri, Henry Ford akatsigira hukama hwehupfumi kubva kuUSSR. Yekutanga Soviet Mass Orderction Trakariti "FDDSON-UTILOVET", yakaunzwa muna 1923, yakagadzirwa pahwaro hweTirakiti "Fordon". Mukati me1929-1932, Ford mota vashandi vakapa mukuvakwa uye kuvakwazve mafekitori muMoscow neGorky.
Mumakore ekutanga ekudzvinyirira kukuru, Ford akaramba achivimba nechivimbo, asi muna 1931 dambudziko rakabaya "Ford mota". Kudonhedza mukutengesa uye kukwikwidza kukwikwidza kwakamanikidzwa zvakare kuderedza chikamu chezvemafekitori uye kuderedza muhoro kune vashandi vakasara. Chaunga chakapetwa chakatanga kuputsa kusvika kune chirimwa "Rouge", mapurisa akapararira vanhu chete nerubatsiro rwezvombo.
Zvekare zvakare, ford yakawana nzira yekubuda mune yakaoma mamiriro nekuda kwekugadzirwa kutsva. Iyo indasitiri yakaratidzwa "Ford V 8" - Mutyairi wemitambo yemitambo, kumhanya kweiyo kwasvitsa zana remakore zana nemashanu. Chigadzirwa chitsva chakaita kuti titangezve kuzere kwekambani uye kuwedzera kutengesa mavhoriyamu.
Maonero ezvematongerwo enyika uye Anti-Semitism
MuBiography yeHenry Ford kune mapeji akati wandei akakonzera mhosva kubva kuvanhu venguva yakati. Saka, muna 1918, iyo muvambi akatenga edition "mudikani akazvimirira" uye makore maviri akazotanga kugovera mazano anti-semitiki. Muna 1920, zvinyorwa zvinoverengeka zvenyaya iyi zvakabatanidzwa mubhuku rimwe - "Ingornry Summory". Pashure pacho, mazano uye zvinyorwa zve ford zvaive zvinoshanda nesimba nevaNazi kuti vafurire chizvarwa chidiki.
Muna 1921, 119 vagari vemo vakatishamisa veUS vakagadzirwa nekupiwa mhosva kwevagadziri vemabhiza, kusanganisira vatatu vakuru. Muna 1927, Ford akaziva zvikanganiso zvakabvumirwa uye akaburitsa tsamba yemumoyo munhau.
Iyo dentrepreneur yakatsigira kubatana neNSDAP uye yakatopa rutsigiro rweNazis yemari. Hitler Admired Ford uye akachengeta iyo mufananidzo weiyo muvambi mu munich imba yekugara. Mubhuku "Kurwira Kwangu", Imwe chete American inotaurwa - Henry Ford. Muguta reNazi reNazi re poussi (France) kubvira 1940, Henry Ford, uyo akagadzira mota uye engine engines dzakaitwa.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muna 1887, Henry Ford akaroora Clara Byant - mwanasikana wemurimi ari nyore. "Mambo wemota" akagara naClara pamwe chete uye nemufaro. Mukadzi wacho akazova rutsigiro rwakavimbika rwevanhu vane tarenda. Bryant akatenda mumurume wake pavanomuka mamaguta uye vakashoropodza vamwe. Rimwe zuva, mubvunzurudzo, Ford akataura kuti angada kurarama imwe hupenyu chete kana aigona kuroora Clara zvakare.
Mwanakomana mumwe chete weMharidzo yeDdirel (1893-1943) Akazvarwa kubva kune vakaroora (1893-1943), uyo akazova mubatsiri waBaba. Pakange paine nguva zhinji kupokana pakati peHenry Ford naEdcEel, asi hazvina kupindira nehukama hwavo hushamwari uye nebasa rekubatana. Baba vacho vaive vashoma, vaida kurira kutamba uye vakatarisa kubhururuka kweshiri, uye mwanakomana wavo vakasarudza basa razvino, Jazz, mapato ane ruzha uye cocktails.
Rufu
"Mambo" akatongwa nemota ne "mota ford" kusvikira makumi matatu, mushure mezvo waakapa manejimendi eEdatya. Chikonzero chekutarisirwa kwemushandi kubva kuhutungamiri hwekambani yaive mhirizhonga nevanofambidzana uye vatengesi vehukama masangano. Mwanakomana weFord kubvira1919 zvakaita mabasa emutungamiri wenyika, akanyatsoita masimba matsva. Mushure mekufa kwemwanakomana muna 1943, iyo yekare indasitiri yakananga kuimba yemotokari zvakare kubva kucancer yemudumbu.Asi makore akare haana kubvumira kugadzirwa kuti atore kambani panguva yakakodzera, uye saka makore maviri gare gare akapa nzira kuBrazildren's vazukuru - Henry Ford II. Akasarudzika muvambi akafa musi waApril 7, 1947 kubva kuHemorrhage kuBrouro. Panguva iyoyo, Ford aive nemakore makumi masere nemasere.
"Mambo" wemota "akakwanisa kuona hope dzevana, vachisiya iye mumwe wemakambani makuru emotokari munyika. Panguva imwecheteyo, basa guru remaindasitiri rakanga risiri mari, asi kuvandudzwa muhupenyu hwevanhu vane rubatsiro rwemakirasi anodiwa - zvigadzirwa uye kugadzirwa kwemotokari.
Pashure pake, Henry Ford akasiya autobiography "hupenyu hwangu, zvandaita", izvo zvakarondedzera nzira dzekuronga basa mumubati. Pfungwa dzakataurwa mubhuku iri dzakatora makambani mazhinji, uye zvirevo kubva pane zvakataurwa nemavharidzi kuramba uine chekuita nhasi.
Shure muna 1928, muzvinabhizinesi akagamuchira Elliot creson menduru yezvakabudirira muindasitiri yemotokari. Mabhuku mazhinji nemafirimu akatsaurirwa munhoroondo yehupenyu uye zvaakabudirira zve ford. Saka, muna 1987, iyo firimu yakaburitswa nefirimu Allan Earlmans "Ford: murume-muchina", achitaura nezvemutungamiriri seimwe yezviratidzo zveAmerica.
Quotes
- "Kana iwe uine kushingairira, iwe unogona kuita chero. Kukurudzira ndiko kufambira mberi chero kufambira mberi "
- "Kana zvikaita sekuti nyika yese yagadziriswa pamusoro pako, yeuka kuti ndege inoenda kumhepo!"
- "Chakavanzika changu chakabudirira mukukwanisa kunzwisisa pfungwa yemumwe munhu uye tarisa zvinhu uye naye uye kubva pamaonero ake."
- "Unhu ndewekuita chimwe chinhu chaicho, kunyangwe kana pasina anotarisa
- "Kana iwe uchida kubva kune mumwe munhu kuti ape nguva yangu uye simba rebhizinesi, wozotarisira kuti haanetseki matambudziko emari"
- "Chete zviviri zvinokurudzira zvinokurudzira vanhu kuti vashande: nyota yemubairo uye kutya tsika."