Biography
"Chero bedzi vanhu vachinakidzwa nemagetsi emagetsi, vanogara vachiyeuka zita reFaray," vakadaro Herman Helmglts.Michael Fareday muyedzo wechiyedzo wechiyedzo, chemist, Musiki wechiitiko pane imwe nzira yemagetsi. Yakavhura Electromagnetic induction, iyo iri hwaro hwekugadzirwa kwemagetsi kwemagetsi uye zvinoshandiswa mumamiriro emazuva ano.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Michael Fareday akaberekwa musi waSeptember 22, 1791 muNewington Big, Asiri kure neLondon. Baba - James Fareday (1761-1810), Kuznets. Amai - Margaret (1764-1838). Kuwedzera kuna Michael, Robert naSista Elizabeth naMargaret zvakakura mumhuri. Vakararama zvisina kunaka, saka Michael haana kuzvisimbisa kuchikoro uye akaenda kubasa muchitamba chebhuku aine makore gumi nematatu.
Dzidzo yakundikana. Kuverenga kwemabhuku mufizikisi uye chemistry kwakagutsikana nezivo yeruzivo rwemabhuku ari muchitoro chebhuku. Jaya rakanyorwa muedzo wekutanga. Yakavaka iyo iripo sosi - "Leiden Bank". Baba nemunun'una vakatsigira Michael mukukwevera kune kuedza.
Muna 1810, murume wechidiki wemakore ra19-makore akava nhengo yeuchenjeri hwehunyanzvi, mune izvo hurukuro pafizikisi uye kuongorora nyeredzi. Michael akatora chikamu mukukakavara kwesainzi. Jaya rakapetwa rakakwezva kutarisa kwenharaunda yesainzi. Mutengi webhuku reCourtore William Dance Yakatumirwa Michael Chipo - Tiketi yekushanyira nhamba yeCemphri (iyo Fours of Electrochemistry, iyo Yemakemikari Zvinhu zvePotassium, Calcium, Sodium, Bariamu, Baron, Baron, Baron, Baron, Baron, Baron, Baron .
Runyorwa rwechinyakare, vachinzvera hurukuro dzeGemphri davy, vakaita kusungira uye vakatumira purofesa, vakaperekedzwa netsamba kuti vawane rimwe basa kuRoyal Institute. Davy akatora chikamu mumugumo wejaya, uye mushure mechinguva, Faraday ane makore 22 akagamuchira basa rekutambidza mumakemikari murabhoritari.
Sainzi
Kuita mabasa emubatsiri wemubirabharari, Faradays haana kupotsa mukana wekuteerera hurukuro, mukugadzirira kwerudzi rwacho rwakatora chikamu. Zvakare, nechikomborero chaProfesa Davy, murume wechidiki akatora mafungu ake emakemikari. Hana uye hunyanzvi hwebasa rebasa nemubatsiri wemabhoritari akazviita mubatsiri anobatsira danga.
Muna 1813, davy vakatora secretary wechiFarady mune rwendo rwemakore maviri. Munguva yerwendo, musayendarira wechidiki akasangana neanopenya kwesainzi yepasi rose: Andre-Marie Amperira, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussak, Alussandro Volta.
Pakudzokera kuLondon muna 1815, Faray akagamuchira positi yemubatsiri. Mukufanana, chinhu chaunofarira chakapfuurira - isa zvake kuedza. Kune hupenyu hweFARADAY, pakanga paine makumi matatu emadhora ekuedza. Mune zvesainzi denderedzwa enjodzi uye kushanda nesimba, akagamuchira musoro we "mambo we". Tsanangudzo yechiitiko chega chega chakanyatsorambirwa kuita diaries. Gare gare, muna 1931, idzi diaries dzakabudiswa.
Iyo yekutanga yekudhinda yekudhinda yeFaray yakabudiswa muna 1816. Pakazosvika 1819, makumi mana emabasa akadhindwa. Mafambiro akachinjiswa kumakemikari. Muna 1820, kubva pane dzinoverengeka dzekuedza nemauto, musayenzi wechidiki akaona kuti kuwanda kwesimbi nekuwedzera kweNickel haipe oxidation. Asi mhedzisiro yekuedza yakapfuura neitallurgists. Kuvhurwa kwesimbi isina tsvina kwaive kwataurwa.
Muna 1820, Faray yakava caulier technical yehumambo. Pakazosvika 1821, akachinjira kuFizits kubva kumakemikari. Faradays inoitwa seyesaiti iripo nesainzi, yakawana uremu mumunharaunda yesainzi. Chinyorwa chakaburitswa pane nheyo yemotokari yemagetsi, iyo yakaisa kutanga kwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi.
Electromagnetic munda
Muna 1820, Faray akatakurwa nekuedza pakubatana kwemagetsi uye nemagineti. Panguva ino, pfungwa dze "DCWorko" (A. Volt), "Electrolysis", "Electrolysis", "Electrolysis", "Electrolysis", "Electric Arc", "Electromagnet" yakawanikwa. Pakati peino nguva, magetsi nemagetsi emagetsi akagadzira, muedzo we bio, Savara, lavara, lalisa pakushanda nemagetsi uye magineti yakaburitswa. A. Ampere pa electromagnisism yakabudiswa.
Muna 1821, mwenje wakaona basa reFareday "pane mamwe matsva electromagnetic mafambiro uye nezveMagnetism fungidziro". Mariri, musayendisiti akataura nezve kuedza nemuseve wemaginhini kutenderera kutenderedza danda rimwe, ndiko kuti, kwakaitwa shanduko yesimba remagetsi kuita zvemakaniki. Kutaura zvazviri, akaunza chekutanga munyika, alleit mota yekutanga, yemagetsi.
Mufaro wekuwana wakapamba kunyunyuta kweWilliam volarston (yakavhurwa palladon, Rhodium, yakavakwa, yakavakirwa iyo Refractometer uye goniodometer). Mukunyunyuta kuna purofesa davy, musayendisiti achipomerwa farahay mumazano ekuba ane museve unotenderera nemagineti anotenderera. Nyaya yacho yakatora scdya. Davy akatora chinzvimbo cheRolastton. Ingori musangano wega wega masayendisiti uye kujekesa chinzvimbo chavo neFareday akakwanisa kugadzirisa kupokana. Volarston akandisiira zvirevo. Davy uye Farady hukama hwakarasikirwa nekwavo kwekutanga. Kunyangwe yekutanga kudzamara mazuva ekupedzisira asina kuneta nekudzokorora kuti Faradays ndeye maFaraDs kuwanikwa kukuru kwakaita ivo.
Muna Ndira 1824, Faray akasarudzwa nenhengo yehumambo hwehumambo London. Muzvinafundo davy akavhotera.
Muna 1823 akazova nhengo inoenderana neParis iyi yeParis.
Muna 1825, Michael Farayday akatora nzvimbo yeDavi semudiridzi werabhoritari wefizikisi uye chemistry yeumambo.
Mushure mekuwanikwa kwe 1821, musayendisiti haana kuburitsa basa. Muna 1831, akazova purofessor vulmaa (mauto ehondo), muna 1833, purofesa paMakemikari yeRoyal Institute. Akaita gakava resainzi, rutsikanywa mumisangano yesainzi.
Kudzoka muna 1820, Faray aifarira chiitiko cheHans Erstina: Iyo yekufamba nayo pamwe neyemagetsi dunhu rakonzera kufamba kwemagineti museve. Izvo zvemagetsi zvazvino zvakakonzera kuitika kwemagineti. Faray akataura kuti, saizvozvo, magnetism inogona kukonzera magetsi aripo. Kutaurwa kwekutanga kwedzidziso kwakaonekwa mu diary kweyesainzi muna 1822. Makore gumi ekuedzwa akaenda kuRaytill yezvakavanzika zveElectromagnetic induction.
Kukunda kwakauya muna Nyamavhuvhu 29, 1831. Chishandiso, icho chakabvumira farayday kuita kuwanikwa kwakanaka, kwaive nemhete yesimbi uye seti yekutendeuka kwe waya kubva kune vanga vanga vakapinda muhafu yekadzi. Mune cheni yehafu yehafu yemhete, yakavharwa waya, yaive museve wemagineti. Iyo yechipiri mhepo yakabatana nebhatiri remagetsi. Kana iyo yazvino ichishandurwa, iyo magineti museve akagadzirwa nenzira imwe, uye kana ichinge yakadzimwa kune imwe. Faraday akagumisa kuti magnet anokwanisa kushandura maginiti mune yemagetsi simba.
Chiitiko "chinoitika chemagetsi zvemagetsi munzvimbo yavharwa nedunhu rakachinja muMagineti Flux ichipfuura neiyo" yainzi Electromagnetic induction. Kuonekwa kweElectromagnetic Induction yakavhura nzira iyo iripo sosi yeiyo iripo - generatric jenareta.
Kuwanikwa kwacho kwakaratidza kutanga kweiyo nyowani yechibereko chekuedza kwesayenzi iyo yakapa nyika "yekuedza kutsvagisa magetsi". Faradays ine ruzivo rwakaratidza chimwe chimiro chechinoitika chemagetsi simba, yakazvimirira yenzira, iyo iyo magetsi aripo anokonzerwa.
Muna 1832, fizikisi yakapa menduru ye copli.
Faraday yakava munyori weiyo yekutanga shanduko. Iye ndewepfungwa ye "dielectric nguva dzose". Muna 1836, neyeedzo dzinoverengeka, airatidza kuti chirevo chacho chiripo chine chekuita chete pamabhonzo ezvekuita, achisiya zvinhu mukati mazvo. Musainzi inoshandiswa, chishandiso chakaitwa pane iyo nheyo yechiitiko ichi chinonzi farayday cell.
Zvakawanikwa uye Inoshanda
Kuvhura Michael Fareday yakazvipira isiri chete kuFiziki. Muna 1824, iyo BENZENE uye isobutyle yakavhura. Masayendisiti akaunza chimiro chemvura che chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, kabhoni dioxide, Ammonia, ethylene, nitrogen dioxide, yakawana Hexahlan synthesis.
Muna 1835, Farayday nekuda kwechirwere chakamanikidzwa kuita gore rimwe chete rekupaza basa. Chikonzero chechirwere chakafungidzirwa kuonana neyesairesi panguva yekuedzwa nevakaroora. Rwendo pfupi mushure mekupora, muna 1840, purofesa zvakare yakanzwa kushomeka. Kushaiwa kushaya simba, pakanga paine kurangarira kwenguva pfupi. Nguva yekudzoreredza yakanonoka kwemakore mana. Muna 1841, pakusimbirira kwevanachiremba, sainzi akaenderera mberi nerwendo kuburikidza neEurope.
Mhuri yakararama munenge muhurombo. Maererano neChipupuriro cheBiiograph Fareday John Tyndland, musayendisiti akagamuchira pension makumi maviri emapaundi egore. Muna 1841, Mutungamiri William Raiwa, Lord Melbourne, pasi pekudzvanya kweruzhinji vakasaina chirevo chacho chemafashoni emapuranga ehurumende mune mazana matatu emapaunzi pagore.
Muna 1845, sainzi huru yakakwanisa kukwezva kutarisisa kwenharaunda yeWorld nedzimwe rondedzero: Kuwanikwa kwekuchinja kwechiedza muMagineti (iyo "Faraday mhedzisiro") uye Diamagnisism (Maganeti yeiyo chinhu kuti Iyo yekunze yemagineti yemagineti iri kuita pairi).
Hurumende yeEngland haina kumbobvunza Michael Fareday kubatsira kugadzirisa matambudziko zvine chekuita nenyaya dzehunyanzvi. Masayendisiti akagadzira chirongwa chemidziyo yemwenje yemwenje, nzira dzekurwisa kuronga kwengarava, dzinoitwa nenyanzvi yekutonga. Kuva nechisikigo murume akagwinya uye ane rugare, akarambidzwa kutora chikamu mune zvombo zveMakemani ehondo neRussia Hondo yeRussia.
Muna 1848, Mambokadzi Victoria akauya neimba kuruboshwe rwebhangi reThames, Courton Court. Mambokadzi weBritish akabhadhara mari nemitero kutenderedza imba. Masayenzi aive nemhuri yake akatamira kwaari, achisiya nyaya muna 1858.
Hupenyu Hwako
Michael Fareday akaroora Sara Barnard (1800-1879). Sarah - Sista shamwari faray. Chikumbiro chemaoko uye mwoyo musikana ane makore makumi maviri okukura haana kungoitika nekukurumidza - musayendisiti wechidiki aifanira kudonha. Muchato wakanyarara wakaitika muna June 12, 1821. Makore mazhinji gare gare, Faray akanyora:"Ndakaroora - chiitiko icho chinopfuura chero chero mufaro wangu pasi uye mamiriro angu ezvinhu eMweya."Mhuri yekwaFaray, sekumhuri yemukadzi wake, nhengo dzevaPurotesitendi Nharaunda "Sandamian". Faraday akaitira basa rerudo rwemunharaunda yeLondon, rakadzoserwa rakadzoserwa.
Rufu
Michael Faray airwara. Munguva pfupi, kana chirwere chacho chadzokera, akashanda. Muna 1862, akaisa fungidziro pamusoro pekufamba kwemitsetse yemitsetse mumunda wemagineti. Simbisa iyo dzidziso yacho yakakwanisa kupfuudza Zeman muna 1897, iyo muna 1902 akagamuchira mubairo weNobel. Faraday zeman inonzi munyori wepfungwa.
Michael Fareday akafa kuDesktop musi waNyamavhuvhu 25, 1867 aine makore makumi manomwe nemashanu. Iye anovigwa padivi pemukadzi wake ari pamakuva eLondon. Masayenzi akabvunza asati afa nezvemariro ane mwero, saka hama chete dzakauya. PaGrevestone, zita resaenzi uye makore ehupenyu rakavezwa.
Chokwadi chinonakidza
- Sayenzi yemasayendisiti haana kukanganwa nezvevana. Hurukuro dzevana "nhoroondo yekenduru" (1961) Rakadanwa nanhasi.
- Iyo portrait yeFareday inoiswa paBritish Bill ye20 mapaundi e1991-1999.
- Pakanga paine runyerekupe rwekuti davy harina kupindura farahay kune chikumbiro chebasa. Pane imwe nguva, kurasikirwa kwechinguva chidiki panguva yekuedza kwemakemikari, purofesa akarangarira jaya rinoramba riripo. Sezvo tashanda semunyori weyesainzi, jaya rakazungunuswa danga nekusagadzikana kwake kwaakakuudza Michael kushanda mumarabhoritari.
- Mushure mekudzoka kubva kuEuropean tour nemhuri yeDavivie Faradays, vakamirira nzvimbo yemubatsiri muumambo mune yekushambadzira ipapo.