Biography
Mudzvinyiriri mukuru uye muurayi, uyo akaisa mamiriro nzara anotyisa uye aimuisa mumhirizhonga yenguva yakaipa. Panguva imwecheteyo, kwemakore manomwe ekutonga kwaBoris Goduuno
Boris yakazvarwa muna 1552 mumhuri yemuridzi wemba, yaigara pedyo neguta reVyazma. Pedigur's pedigree yakadzika midzi kuenda kuTatarin Chet-Murze, uyo anga aona muRussia panguva yekutonga kweIvan Kalita. Boris madzitateguru aBoris - Vakomana veKostroma, izvo nekufamba kwenguva vanozova varidzi veVyezene varidzi veVaridzi.
Semunhu munyori weprovince, jaya rakadzidziswa, asi harina kuzvijaira rugwaro dzvene. Kudzidza kwemabhuku eChekereke kwainzi chikamu chakakosha chekudzidza, saka mapundu ari munzvimbo iyi aisabvumidzwa. Vakararama panguva iyoyo vanonzi mambo wenguva yemberi nehurefu hushoma uye hwakaipa. Kuverenga nekunyora kwenyonganiso kunyora hakuna kukohwa.
Nzira yekuenda kuRoyal Retinue
Muna 1565, Ivan Grozny kurwira simba risingagadziriswe, uye nekuda kweizvi inogovana Russia kuenda kunyika neOprichnin. Iyo yekupedzisira inogadzira yake pfungwa, mashiritsi neuto. Muyananisi waGodhuniv aive padivi penyika yeUrban, uye Dmitry Ivanovich (Native Sekuru Boris) akasaina mumauto emauto. Nekuda kweiyo Optocobal Boyar, yakawedzera nyika. Mambo akatendera kukosha kweDmitry uye akauya kuyadhi, achipa surname chinzvimbo.
Mushure mekufa kwevabereki, Irina naBoris Goduiv, Babamunini vakachengeta vana. Iyo yekubatanidza nguva dzose haina kufarirwa nedzidzo yakazara yevana, saka dmit yakabatanidzwa nherera kuKremlin, takabvumirana ne autocrat. Vana vakaramba vachigutsikana vaine dzimba dzoushe. Ivan Grozny aifarira kutaura nediki Mwari wevachitov uye akatorayira kunyora pfungwa dzake dzeuchenjeri.
Jaya racho rakakwezva simba uye dare rakarukwa, asi kutambudzwa kwakashamisika, izvo zvinotyisa zvakajeka kune vapanduki. Ndichiri muHurumende Retinue, yakanamirwa yakacherechedzwa kuuraya uye kushungurudzwa kweiyo OP. Mukomana akakurumidza kufa kuti aisazopukunyuka payadhi yeropa, kana isina kudzidza kudzora tsitsi uye manzwiro. Kumanikidzwa kutora kushungurudzwa mumaoko epfuti uye "vakavaraidzwa" pamwe chete neinotyisa uye ochrichniki.
Pamakore gumi nemasere akatora nzvimbo yemubhedha yeruzhinji. Yakauraya yakaurayiwa, ikaverenga kuverenga. Zvino pane chikwereti chebasa, jaya rinova meso nenzeve dzemambo, vakuru veKrrin hupfumi uye varindi. Misoro uye BackStAge Intrigues - Zvino Chekunze Chemukati yeBoris, uyo anomanikidzwa kurwisa mahwira.
Courtuent Courtti akakwezva Malute kuti vaende kuSkuratov, vakatya hupenyu uye vakatsvaga vaibatana vakatendeka. Malyuta akapa mukadzi waDendaov mwanasikana muduku Maria, uye vhusi Shui - vakuru.
Muna 1571, redare diki rinoyamwisa mwanakomana wehama inotyisa - Evdikaa Samurov. Muroora-muroora aisada iye mutengesi uyo akapomera musikana kuti asaremekedza uye akaendeswa kuimba yemamongi. Boris yakadzidza kuti iyo inochiva suki yakashungurudzwa nerudo rwechidiki uye kutadza mushure mekutadza kwakaringana. Mwariivaudza aifunga ake neshamwari, iyo pakarepo akataura kuna mambo.
Basa reBaptist rakadzedzereka. Zvino anotyisa anotyisa anopa mirairo yeminiti chero. Kubva kuTeturenka, murume akanunura imwe hanzvadzi inopisa Irina, uyo akanyengerera FeDOR (Tsarsky mwanakomana) kugadzirisa nyaya yacho nekuregerera. Musikana uyu aive akakurumbira mupfungwa dzake, kuverenga uye runako. Anodakadza Irming Irina akafarira Fyodor kubva paudiki, asi haana kuteerera kufambidzana kwekutaura kwekutaura.
Runako rwaida kuverenga, nekufadzwa iye akadzidza kuverenga uye airatidza kuzvidzora mumasvomhu. Kana njodzi inotyisa yakaremberwa pamusoro pehama yake, Irina yakamhanyisa kuhama yehumambo nezvakawanda, uye akagutsa baba vake kuti varegedze mhuri inotsigira. Mukutenda kumusikana aifanira kuroora mutya anotya, Boris, GOYARIN TITE.
Pasi pekutonga kweFedora
Muna 1581, mambo mukupisa kwekunyadziswa anouraya mwanakomana wake Ivan. Feor Ioannevich anova iye anenge achikumbira chigaro. Mushure memakore matatu, grozny anofa kufa kunotyisa, achidzingirira ropa rake. Vanhu vacho vanonzwika kuti mota yakabatwa neropa rakadonhedzwa rekuuraya pasina chikonzero. Mutongi mutsva anova mudyi wenhaka wega.
Feor akange aneta nekubata apuro denderedzwa, achiratidza simba uye akapa chiratidzo chekutenda. Zviitiko izvi, maererano nemadonhomu, azova nhoroondo. Iyo Regent Council inogadzirwa nekukurumidza muKremlin, iyo yaisanganisira Yuriev, Belsky, MSTSLAVSKY, Shuisky uye Godov. Vakomana vakanzwisisa kuti mambo uyu haagone kubata nyika, uye kurwa kweutsinye kunotanga pachivanze.
Kusagadzikana kwevanhu veGodhunv kwakachinja kuita nhungamiro inobatsira, vachipomera vhezheni mukuurayiwa, kushungurudzwa uye kudheerera pamusoro pezvinyorwa. Iyo yaimbofarirwa yakatumirwa kuutapwa. Pashure paizvozvo, kurwira kwakakura kupesana nemukomana kwakazoteverwa, izvo zvanga zvisiri kuzogoverana simba ne "midzi yakadzika midzi." Mukomana akaitwa simba, uye boris intrigues uye cunning.
Kusvika kune vanopikisa, mambo wenguva yemberi akafunga kubvisa yekupedzisira inokonzera chigaro. Iyo inotyisa yakaramba iri imwe vhezheni - Tsarevich Dmit, akataura naamai vake muUglich. Mwana akafa muna 1591, akagumburwa pangobanga panguva yekurwiswa kweshungu. Basa rakakosha harina kuwana miti yemhosva yekufa kwetsarevich. SHURIN TSAR haina kupomerwa mhosva yekuuraya Dmit, sezvo humbowo hwakananga hwemhosva hwakawanikwa, chete huchapupu hunosarudzika.
Panguva ino ye biography inoshamisa inoratidzwa pushkin mune dambudziko "Boris Goduov" mutsara wenzara:
"Uye zvinhu zvese zvine hupfumi, uye musoro uri kupfava,Uye vakomana vane ropa mumaziso ...
Uye ndinofara kumhanya, asi hapana kwese ... zvinotyisa!
Zvirokwazvo, kunzwira tsitsi ndomhombwe dzisina kuchena. "
Muna 1869, mugadziri Mussorgsky, achifadzwa nenhamba, akanyora zita rimwe chete rezita rimwe chete, iro rairatidza zvakadzama hukama pakati pevanhu nemutongi.
Reform
Chidimbu chinosimudzira uye chine hunyanzvi zvematongerwo enyika makore 13 emitemo yenyika, akaviga kuseri kwezita rekuti Fyedor Johane. Pakati peino nguva, maguta, nhare ine simba kwazvo, matemberi akaiswa muRussia. Vane vatariri vane tarenda uye vagadziri vakaratidza mari kubva muchivigiro. Moscow akagadzira mvura yekutanga inonzi Kremlin. Muna 1596, iyo yakashambidzika yemadziro emadziro, inodzivirira miganhu yeWestern yeRussia, ichavakwa muna 1596 nechirevo.
FYodhor Saveliev Boris yakapa kuvakwa kwemadziro ekunze, guta chena. Vatorwa vakashanyira Moscow vakanyora madhiri kuti hazvigoneke kutora guta izvozvi. Iyo Crimecan Khan Kaza-Girey yakangosimbisa pfungwa dzevanoda, sezvo yaitya kujekesa masvingo eshare. Kune uyu gavhuna wamambo, zita rekuti "Tsarev mushandi", ayo aionekwa sezita remusoro wekurumbidza.
Kutenda kuna Mwari ounnov muna 1595, chibvumirano chine swedes chakasainwa, chakapedza kudzidza kubva kuhondo yeRussia-yeRussia, iyo yakagara makore matatu. Pasi pehutungamiriri hunonaka, marongero aRusi akatamira kuKorela, ivangoerod, yam, koporye. Panguva imwecheteyo, tateguru wacho akagadzwa, izvo zvaibvumira chechi yeOrthodox kuti ibve kubva kuByzantine Patriarhate.
Gadza izwi rekutsvaga kune vanotiza varidzi. Zvino mabhiza aidiwa mukati memakore mashanu, uye mushure mekunge kusununguka kwaziviswa. Ndakasunungura muridzi wemba kubva kumitero, avo vaibata kuShnya pachangu, pasinazve kuvashandi.
Kutonga
Ndira 1598 inoonekwa nerufu rwechitoro chekupedzisira kubva kuRurikovich - Feor. Hurumende yenguva pfupi yakagadzwa chirikadzi yaChangamire - Irina. Hakuna vagari venhaka zvakananga zvechigaro choumambo, saka nzira inoenda kuHumambo Hendeuv yakasununguka. Iyo yakavanzika Zemsky katsi isina kujairika akasarudza mutongi. Basa rakakosha rakarongwa nenyaya yekuti mambo akafa akaonekwa seanoshamisa, uye boris inotongwa neHurumende.
Sezvo ndapedza chigaro, murume anonzwisisa kuti monomaachha ngowani inorema mutoro. Kana makore matatu ekutanga eutatu akauya pakukura kweRussia, anobva azotevera zviitiko zvinoderedzwa kuti asabudirire. Muna 1599, anoedzwa kupuranyira neyekumavirira, achiziva kuti vanhu veRussia vanodzika kumashure mune dzidzo nemushonga. Matare emitambo yehumambo ari kuwana kunze kwevatenzi nevanachiremba, neyeumwe neumwe anokudzwa pachavo.
Kwapera gore, Changamire akasarudza kuvhura nzvimbo yepamusoro yedzidzo muMoscow, apo vadzidzisi vatorwa vachashanda. Kuti awedzere chirongwa ichi, haabatanidzi vechidiki vechidiki muFrance, England, Austria, kuitira kuti avo vakawana ruzivo mukudzidzisa.
Muna 1601, nzara huru yakatsemurwa kuburikidza neRussia, semafundisi uye maFronts ekutanga akanganisa. Chikwereti chehumambo chakadanwa nemitero kubatsira nyaya yacho. Boris vakatora matanho ekuchengetedza nzara, vachipinda mari kubva kuchivigiro uye zviyo. Mitengo yezvingwa yakasimuka zana, asi autocrats haina kuranga fungidziro. Pfuma nematura pasina chinhu nekukurumidza.
Varimi vakapihwa neSwan, imbwa, katsi. Zviitiko zveCannibalism zvakawedzera. Migwagwa migwagwa yakazadzwa neChitunha kuti Sagittarius yakakandwa musainzi (makuva akawanda). Gounov akakumbira vanhu vanga nechikumbiro chekuchengeta rugare rwepfungwa. Mauto emunhu akasimudzira kukwikwidza kwakadaro, varimi vakaverenga izvi kuita nekutadza kwenyika.
Vanhu zviuru gumi nevaviri vakafa nenzara. Rumbowo tanga kuti Mwari ari kutumira Kara kuti erwe previro isiri pamutemo. Peasant kusagutsikana inokudziridza mu bhiza rakananga nekotoni. Kuzvidzora kwevapanduki pasi pemadziro emumaguta vakaputsa mauto. Mushure meizvozvo, mamiriro ezvinhu haana kudzikamisa, sezvo zvaonekwa runyerekupe rwekuti tsarevich dmit yehupenyu.
Lhadmitry
Boris Goduov anonzwisisa kuti chinzvimbo chemafassitria chine simba kupfuura zvake, nekuti vanhu vanoona Mwanakomana mwanakomana waIvan. Vakavimbika vanhu vakaunganidza ruzivo uye vakapa mambo nezvezvazviri izvo zviri pasi penzira iyo Tsarevich inovanza hunhu husingafadzi - iyo monk-rondedzero yeFligyev. Vanhu veRussia vakatenda kuti mugari wenhaka wechokwadi akauya, anozoponesa kubva panzara uye kutonhora.
Matanda akazivisa mari yekuunganidzwa kweuto reFreakyev, aigadzirira kuenda kuchigaro. MaRussia akatsigirwawo nevaRussia, kunyange hondo yehutachiona yakapfuura pasi pemhanza yeanunyengeiri. Vaperders uye varidzi vezvikara havana kukunda, uye Gregory-Dmit akatizira kuPinivl. Nhau dzakafara naDiniiv, uyo akashivirira kunyengera kwedare nemauto.
Hupenyu Hwako
Maria Soscaramatova akava mukadzi wake wevaMambo wekutanga akasarudzwa. Nezve musikana ane chokwadi chakachengetedzwa. Asi izvo zvinozivikanwa, zvinomiririra Maria muchiedza chinobata kumeso. Runako rwekuzviisa pasi, runako runova shamwari yakatendeka yemurume wake. Kwemakore gumi ekugara pamwe chete, vaviri vakazvarwa mwana asina kuroora, uye vanachiremba vanongonyora nemaoko avo, vachireva kusava nehanya kwemukadzi.
Varooresi varooresi vakabviswa kubva kuEngland chiremba wepiritsi vakakwanisa kugadzirisa hutano hwemusikana. Makore maviri gare gare, vana vaviri vakaoneka mumhuri - mwanakomana waFedon nomwanasikana waKsia. Gounov Kerotal nguva yake yemahara mumhuri uye akataura kuti akange azorora zvizere pamberi pevadiwa. Ramangwana redzinza rake roga, mutongi akaona muvana vake, saka zvese zvakapihwa dzidzo yekutanga.
Iye mukomana kubva paudiki akagadzirira chigaro uye akadzidzisa vadzidzisi veEurope naMoscow. Karamzin akati FeDOR "chibereko chekutanga cheEuropean dzidzo muRussia." Mumiriri weChirungu Jerome gorya anotsanangurwa muDiariaria anodziya hukama hunotsigirwa mumhuri yemudziyo, iyo yaionekwa seyakawedzera muRussia.
Rufu
Boris Goduunov nguva yakareba yakatambura kubva kuUrolithiasis uye iyo yakasimba migraines. Pakupera kwehupenyu, akarega kuvimba nekudzoreredzwa uye nevakomana, vachiona vavengi kwese kunze kwemhuri. Mwanakomana akaramba naye asina hanya, anovhiringidza ramangwana.
Musi waApril 13, 1605, mambo akatora nhume dzeChirungu apo apoplexy yakarova zvakaitika kwaari. Kubva pamhino uye nenzeve dzevarume vakadururira ropa, uye chiremba wedare zvinongori maoko ake, asingakwanisi kubatsira.
Vakomana vakamira pamubhedha wekufa, vakabvunza mwanakomana wake. Monarch akati: "Sezvaunofarira Mwari nevanhu." Mushure meizvozvo, ndakarasikirwa nechipo chekutaura uye ndafa. Iye mutsivi anogadzwa Fyodor, kutongwa kweinogara pamwedzi nehafu. Sezvo akadzidza nezverufu rwaChangamire, muMoscow neuto rakapinda muLhadmitriy riri pasi pekuchema kwevanhu vazhinji.
Nezuva rimwe chete, nehurongwa, Golitsyn, Sagittari yakabviswa nemhuri yeMuunch, ichisiya iri mupenyu chete neKsenia, iyo yakawira mu inynde. Musikana akaregererwa asingachine murongo weFALLSitria, uyo, atadza, akatambanudza runako rwake kumamongi.
Govhunv akatsva muArkngerlsk katsi, asi panguva yekushambadzira bhokisi rakaburitswa uye rakaiswa muWSenkone monastery. Makore maviri gare gare, vasiri veShuisky akarayira kuti varwe nemhuri inoenda kuMhuri yeUtatu-Sergius Lavra.
Mune biography yemutongi asina kugadzikana pane chirahwe, icho chisiri chakagadziriswa nevanyori venhoroondo. Mushure mekufa kwaGodhunv zvinoshamisa zvakanyangarika musoro we autocrat. Izvo hazvina kujekeswa kuti panguva iyo yekuviga dehenya rakaparadzaniswa kubva mumuviri. Yakawanikwa nekuda kweiyo anthropologist Gerasimov, uyo akavhura cryple neasara kuti adzorere kutaridzika kwemufi.