Biography
Casimir malevich's canevas anozivikanwa nemamiriyoni, asi anonzwisisika kune zvikamu. Pendi imwe yemhizha inotyisa uye inotsamwiswa nekureruka, vamwe vanoyemura uye vanonakidza nekudzika kwakadzika uye zvakavanzika zvinoreva. Malevich akashanda kune vashoma vevasanangurwa, asi hapana asina hanya akasiya chero munhu.
Sezvo takararama hupenyu hwakazara nehupenyu, piyona weRussia Afare akauya kune vazukuru pane zvese izvo zvinorarama hupenyu hwaro nhasi, uye pendi dzayo dzinotaridzika sevateveri vemazuva ano.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Kazimir Severinovich malevich akaberekerwa muKiev on February 23, 1879. Iyo biography yeiyo muimbi isinganzwisisike uye izere ne "chena mavara". Vamwe vanonzi gore rekuzvarwa reramangwana rinoist 1879th, vamwe - 1978. Maererano neshanduro yepamutemo, malevich akaberekerwa muKiev, asi kune avo vanonzwa vanofarira kutarisisa kwevaimbi Belarussian Town Kepyl, uye baba veCasimir - iyo Belarussian ethnogreme uye folylorist severin malevich.
Kana ukatevedzera vhezheni yepamutemo, vabereki vakabhabhatidza Casimir Malevich pakati paMurume 1879 muChurch yeAlexander, iyo chiratidzo chekupinda mubhuku rapamoyo.
Baba venguva yemberi yekubvisa - Svalkić Severin Malevich mutaundi reTurbov Podolsk Province of the Russian Hussia (nhasi Vinnitsa nzvimbo yeUkraine). MuTURBOV, Severin Antonovich akashanda nemaneja kuSaharan chirimwa cheSporthist Nikolai Tereshchchchchchchko. Amai Casimir Malevich - Ludwig Alexandrovnaalruvnaal - vakatarisira imba uye vakazvarwa vana vane gumi nevaviri, asi vakararama nevegumi nevaviri vavo - vanakomana vashanu uye nevanasikana vana vashanu.
Kazimi ndiye wedangwe weiyo ka malevichhi. Mhuri yakataura muPolish, asi vaiziva kuUkraine neRussia. Ruzivo rwerumuramangwana rwavaona seye danda, asi panguva yekuraira mumubvunzo wakanyorwa neUkraine.
Kusvikira pa12, Kazimir Malevich akagara mumusha weMoevka Yampolsky County yePoodolsk County, asi nekuda kwebasa raBaba vari pasi pemisha yegumi nematanhatu, pahafu uye hafu yevaKarkovi, province.
Muhudiki, Kazimir malevich nezve dhizaini aiziva zvishoma. Kufarira kuri kuita canvas uye pendi vaive neyadukunha pazera ramakore gumi nemashanu, Mwanakomana wake baba vake vakashanyira Kiev. Pakuratidzira, malevich malevich akaona mufananidzo wake wemusikana akagara pabhenji uye mbatatisi dzakachenesa. Mufananidzo wacho wave uchivambira kuti chishuvo chekutora brashi. Kuona izvi, Amai pazuva rekuzvarwa kwake vakatenga mwanakomana seti yemavara.
Kufashika kweCasimira phicimira kwakakura zvekuti mwanakomana ane makore gumi nematanhatu akasangana naBaba mvumo yekupinda chikoro cheKiev Art, mhanzi yeRussia Nikolai Murashko. Asi malevich akadzidza muKiev chete pagore: Muna 1896 mhuri yakaenda kuKursk.
Kupenda
Mufananidzo wekutanga muitiro wekutambisa remafuta pendi, dzave kune brashi yaMalevich, yakaonekwa muKontop. Kazimiri ane makore gumi nematanhatu-ane makore ane makore gumi nematanhatu ari parutivi rwehukuru hwaArshin yekatatu-makota anoratidzwa manheru ehusiku uye rwizi nechikepe chakaburitswa pamhenderekedzo. Basa racho rinonzi "mwedzi". Iyo yekutanga canvas malevich inotengeswa kune 5 rubles uye yakarasika.
Mushure mekutamira kuKursk, Kazimir Malevich akawana dhirowa mune manejimendi eRussia hurumende yeRussia njanji. Kupenda kwacho kwave kugadzirwa kubva kubasa rekutora uye kusingabvumirwe: Mujaya wechidiki akaronga denderedzwa iro vanhu vane pfungwa dzakaunganidzwa.
Makore maviri mushure mekutamira kuKSV Malevich Marunich akaronga kuratidzwa kwekutanga kwemifananidzo, sezvo akanyora nezve "autobiography", asi pakanga pasina humbowo. Muna 1899 Casimir akaroora, asi munguva pfupi, hupenyu hwemhuri, tsika yemhuri, iyo provhini yeguta yakasundira muimbi kuti ichinje: Kazimir Malevich, ichisiya mhuri muKursk, akaenda kuMoscow.
MunaAugust 1905, malevich akapa chikumbiro muguta guru rekupenda, sainzi uye yekuvaka, asi yakagamuchira kuramba. Kazimir haana kudzokera kumhuri kuenda kuKursk, uye kwe7 rubles pamwedzi akatora kamuri muiyo lefortavo art yemari, uko vatatu gumi nemaviri "omujasi" anogonesa ". Mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare, mari yakapera, uye Kazimir Malevich akadzokera kumba.
Muzhizha ra1906, akaita yechipiri pasina kuedza kupinda muchikoro Capital. Asi panguva ino muimbi akatamira kuMoscow nemhuri yake: Malevich nemukadzi wake nevana vaigara munhengo yaamai vake. Ludwig AlexandRovna akashanda sekamuri yekudyira pane tverskaya mumugwagwa. Mushure mekupamba kweimba yekudyira nekuparadza, mhuri yaifamba-famba kumakamuri emusha wemari muBrsusiv Lane.
Chishuwo chekudzidza kusundidzirwa casimir malevich kushanyira Studio yeRussia Artist Fyodor Reerberg. Makore matatu, kutanga kubva 1907, muimbi akadzidza nechido. Muna 1910, akatora chikamu mukuratidzira kwekutanga kwenzanga yevaimbi "Bubnovaya Valet" - kubatana kukuru kwekutanga kwekutanga kwevashandi. "BubnovyTovtsy" anozivikanwa nekubvarura netsika dzekupenda rechokwadi. Mubatanidzwa, Malevich akasangana naPeter Konchalovsky, Ivan kiyi, Aristarkh Lentulov naMikhail funoniv. Saka Kazimir Malevich Malevich yakatora danho rekutanga rakananga kugwara nyowani - avant-garde.
Cubism uye suprematism
Muchiitiko chimwe chete 1910, basa raMalevich rakatora chikamu mukuratidzira kwekutanga kwevaimbi vechikepe cheBubnoy. Munguva yechando, 1911, pikicha yaKazimir Severinovich yekuratidzwa kweMoscow, uye chitubu chakatora chikamu mukuratidzira kwekutanga kweVashandi veSt. Mubatanidzwa wehuduku ".
Muna 1912, Kazimir Malevich akaenda kuMunich, kwaaipinda mumatanho ekuratidzira kwemabasa e "mubatanidzwa wehudiki" uye wekutonga kweGerman "uye Bhurawu" yeBhurubenge ". Pakati peino nguva, muimbi akapinda muboka revadiki vadiki kuti varegere muswe, waivapo kusvika 1913 uye akavhura NikoPirosishvili.
Iko kugona kweAVant-Garde artists kuyambuka nebasa renzvimbo yefuturists vefulists velimira khleknikov naAlexey tscheey. Casimir Malevich yakaratidza mabhuku ekuzvinyora eKhlegnikov uye akapamhidzirwa, uye muna 1913 akagadzira kushatirisa uye madutu emipfeko kuOpera ", iwo mavara ezvinyorwa zvakanyorwa. Iyo opera yakaitwa kaviri mune iyo St. Petersburg Theatre "Luna Park". Scener's malevich's marobhoti matatu-matatu embodiment yemapendi enguva uye ane maumbirwo ejometri. Kazimir Malevich akadana aya canvas "Zaulse Realism" uye "cubo-futuristic yechokwadi."
Mukurangarira kwe autobiographical, malevich akataura kuti pfungwa yeiyo dema mraba yakazvarwa panguva yebasa paOpera: muimbi "akaona" mraba yake pane iyo museve.
Muna 1915, malevich akatora chikamu mukuratidzira kwekutanga kweFarrists "Tram B" muPetrograd uye akanyora madio "kubva kuCitrematism. "Nyowani yakanaka." MuMindowso, Kazimir Malevich yakawedzera nzira itsva yeAvant-Garde - Suprematism (kubva kuLatin Supre - Dominance), WoMununna. Sekureva kwaMalevich, ruvara runotonga zvasara zvekupenda uye pendi pane canvasi "dzakaburitswa" kubva pane zvekushandisa. Mumabasa echidhori, muimbi akaratidzira simba rekusika remunhu nechisikigo.
MunaDecember 1915 (maererano nechimiro chitsva - Ndira 1916) panguva yekuratidzwa kweFarafubition "0.10" Kazimir Malevich yakaratidza 39 machira akabatana nezita rekuti "pendi suprematism". Pakati pemabasa akaratidzwa pakanga paine nzvimbo yebasa rayo rakakurumbira "mraba dema". Mufananidzo uri chikamu cheTriptych, chinosanganisira "dema denderedzwa" uye "mutema muchinjiko".
Mune iyo Urban Museum yeAmsterdam is Kest Malevich "Suprematism. Kuzviratidzira mumatanho maviri ", kukweverwa muna 1915. Kuendesa izvo "Ini" i "Ini", tenzi akashandisa mashoma emapendi uye geometric maumbirwo nemakona. Mukuzvimiririra, Kazimir Malevich "akabvuma" kusatenda, "mubairo" hunhu, kusindimara. Asi mavara matsvuku uye ellute "Dilute" kusviba kweiyo, uye mhete diki pakati "inoti" nezvekutaurirana nenyika kunze kwenyika.
Suprematism Malevich aive neine simba paRussia Artists Olga Rozanov, Ivan Klanov, Tariro yeUdaltsov, Lyubov Popov, MSTISLAV YURKEVI. Vakapinda munharaunda "zvakanyanya" yakarongedzwa naKazimir Malevich.
Muzhizha ra1917, Kazimir Malevich akananga kuchikamu chehunyanzvi hweCharimu yeMoscow yemutengesi wemauto uye aive pakati pevanovandudza vanhu vekutanga. Muna Gumiguru, malevich akave iye Sachigaro we "Bubnovaya Vault", uye munaNovember, iyo mauto eMosbedary Revolution Committee yakagadza muimbi neCommissioner yekudzivirira kwezvinhu zvekare zvekare. Akapinda mukomisheni pakudzivirira kwehunyanzvi hunhu, kusanganisira tsika dze kremlin. Hurumende itsva yakafarirwa nevaimbi vaitisa shanduko muhunyanzvi.
Muna 1918, Kazimir Malevich akatamira kuPetrograd, kwaakagadzira Scener uye zvipfeko zvekuumbwa kweVSevolod Meyers Miseria-buff pane yekutamba yeVladimir Mayakovsky. Panguva ino, pane nguva ye "White Suprematism" Malevich. Muenzaniso unoshamisa anoongorora kuti "chena pane chena" canvas (rimwe zita - "chena mraba").
Muna 1919, Kazimir Malevich akaenda kuMoscow, akagadzwa musoro we "musangano wekufunda hunyanzvi hutsva hwehupamhi hwechikuru."
Munguva yechando, makore 1919, pakukwirira kwehondo, iyo Ange-Garde yakatamira kuViteBsk, kwaakararama musangano weChikoro cheAlt wetress of "Sampu Inyowani". Akananga kuchikoro Mako Challall. Mugore rimwe chetero, vadzidzi vaMalevich vakapinda muboka reUVIS rakagadzirwa naye (Nyowani Art's Armitates), iyo yakawedzera kutungamira kwekuvhurika. Sachigaro weMusiki (komiti yekugadzira) "Uivisa" akasarudza Lazarus Hidekel, iyo yakagadzira armitectural suprematism. Mumakore awa aya, Kazimir Malevich akatarisa pakukudziridza nhungamiro itsva uye kunyora zviziviso zvehunyanzvi.
Gare gare, mumamiriro ekutambudzwa kweAvant-Garde art, pfungwa dzeVanoremati muSoviet Union "yakayerera" mugadziriro uye yekugadzira.
Muna 1922, Theorist uye muzivi akapedza basa guru "suprematism. Nyika yakaita sepfungwa kana rugare rusingaperi "ndokutamiswa nevadzidzi vanobva kuViteBsk kune petrograd.
Iine basa reMalevich rakasangana muBerlin: nzvimbo dzeVaTant-Gardeist inoratidzwa kuRussia yeRussia Art Express.
Muna 1923, Kazimir Malevich mukuru wekutungamira wePetrogram Museum yetsika yehunyanzvi. Pamwe chete nevadzidzi ve "Uvanis" ari kuita basa rekutsvagisa.
Kubva 1924 kusvika 1926 - Director weLaringrad State Institute of the Art tsika, kwaakananga dhipatimendi rezvematongerwo enyika. Asi mushure mekunge chinyorwa chakabudirira chakaburitswa muna Chikunguru, iyo Institute yakavharwa, uye basa rakagadzirirwa kudhindwa rakabviswa. Hurumende yeSoviet yakatendeuka kubva kune vamiriri ve "Reactionary" hunyanzvi.
Kutambudzwa kwakawedzera muna 1927, Kazimir Malevich Malevich Wakashanya Germany. Pazviri zvegore negore rekuratidzira muBerlin, muimbi akapa horo yake basa rake, asi iye, agamuchira tsamba yepamutemo yaida kudzoka, yakakurumidza kuenda muLeningrad.
Malevich mukufungidzira nezvezvakanyanya kunyorera kuda, kusiya pendi, pakati pezvimedu chena, pakutarisirwa kwemhuri yerudzi uye mugadziri Gugo ari hering. Munguva yehondo, mabasa gumi nemashanu akanyangarika, mamwe ese ekugara anochengeterwa muAmsterdam Guta Museum. Iyo pendi "mangwanani mushure mekunge Blizzard mumusha" Kazimir Malevich anotengeswa muBerlin. Canvas inoratidzwa mumusiyamu waSoromoni guugenheim muNew York.
Hurumende haina kukanganwira kuzivikanwa kwemalevich kumadokero nekufamba kuenda kuGermany. Muna 1930, Kazimir Malevich akasungwa, akafungidzirwa mune dzimwe nyika espionage. Kuita kwekumadokero kwemidhiya uye vatinoshanda navo vakaita simba rekuburitsa muimbi kurusununguko mumwedzi miviri. Kutya kurangwa hakuna kutyora malevich, uye iye anoti "kuburikidza nehurefu hwechokwadi anoona: varimi vepombi dzeKubist - Mannequins vasina vanhu kubva kumashure kweminda yakaorera. Akadaro Kazimir Malevich Malevich anoona huwandu hwemisha mushure mekugoverwa uye kuunganidzwa.
Kuvengana kwesimba kune muimbi kwakawedzera: kuratidzwa kwemabasa aMalevich muKiev zvakashoropodzwa, uye mukudonha kwakaiswa zvakare mutorongo, kupomera mhosva yekunyepedzera. Asi munaDecember, Kazimir Malevich akasunungurwa.
Mushure mekunge wechipiri wejeri pombi, makobhiri akagadzira webhusaiti yechipiri "Peasant kutenderera", chikamu chekumaka che "post -ntoprematism", hunhu hwendege yematonhwe anotonhorera. Muenzaniso wakajeka wakajeka mufananidzo "pakukohwa (Marita naVoka)".
Muna 1931, muimbi akashanda pamatanho ependi re "Baltly imba" (aimbova tsvuku theatre). Mwaka wakatevera, malevich akagadzwa musoro weyekuedza murabhoritari yeRussian Museum uye anotora chikamu mukuratidzira kwemakore "eRstists yeRsfsr kwemakore gumi nemashanu." Nekuti ichi chinoratidzwa, maererano nevaratidziro, Kazimir Malevich akanyora yekupedzisira, yechina vhezheni yeiyo dema mraba, iyo inochengeterwa muHermitage.
Mumakore matatu apfuura, avant-garde akadhonza mifananidzo yemarudzi echokwadi. Shanda pamufananidzo "nzanga" malevich haana kupedza.
Icho chidimbu chePendi yeKazimir Malevich - iyo zvishandiso zvinoshandisa kushandisa pendi imwe kuenda kune imwe. Kuti uwane iyo tsvuku nzvimbo, iyo artist pazasi dema dema yakaiswa tsvuku. Iye anoona akaona ruvara haruna kutsvuka, asi nekubata rima. Nyanzvi, dzinoziva chakavanzika cheMalevich, zvakaziviswa zviri nyore fake of yake canvasi.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muna 1896, Kazimir Malevich akatamira kuKsk nevabereki vake. Makore matatu gare gare, wanano yemakore makumi maviri ekunyora yakaroorwa nemwanasikana wekwaBaker Zgorleitz. Muchato wacho waive kaviri: Pasisi hanzvadzi yemusikana akawana hama yaKazimir - makomo.
Muna 1992, vabati vakazvarwa dhanje kuTocenly (akafa neTIFA pazera 15). Uye muna 1995, mwanasikana waGarasha akaonekwa.
Hupenyu hwakasiyana hwevaviri ava hwakapa kupwanya nguva pfupi mushure mekuzvarwa kwevana: Mukadzi akafunga nezvekuita kwemurume achidhirowa kudhirowa matanda. Malevich akaenda kuMoscow, uye hukama hwevakaroorana hwakawedzera.
Hupenyu hwepachega hauna kushanda uye mushure mekunyorwa kwemhuri muMoscow: Casimir akaendesa vana uye akagadziriswa neFldersher muchipatara chepfungwa mumusha weMesshchersks mumugwagwa weMesshachersks mumugwagwa. Nenguva isipi mukadzi akawana murudo uye, achikanda mwanakomana wake nemwanasikana wake wekutarisira pamwe naye, akasiya nemudiwa wake munzira isingazivikanwe.
Kazimir Malevich akauya kuna Messhcherskoye kuvana uye akasangana neSofia Rafaravich, mukadzi, mukadzi, mukutarisirwa kwavana vakasara. Muna 1909, Sophia naKazimir vakaita muchato, uye kuma1920s vaive nemwanasikana we asina kusvibiswa, vanonzi "Uvanis".
Mukadzi akatsigira zvekuita zvekushanduka kwemurume wake, akazvitora matambudziko emumba uye, kusvikira mumwe mukadzi azivapo nzira yekudhirowa, akawana mari yemhuri. Muna 1925, Mhuri Idyll yakapera: Sophia akafa, achisiya mumwe mukadzi ane makore mashanu-ane makore ari mumaoko ake.
Casimir malevich mushure memakore maviri mushure mechitatu: Mukadzi wake akava mudiki kuna Natalia Manchchko kwemakore makumi maviri nematatu.
Rufu
Muna 1933, Malevich akapihwa kuongororwa kunotyisa: cancer yerostate. Chirwere ichi chakafambira mberi: Muna 1935, tenzi haana kusimuka pamubhedha. Urombo - Kazimir Malevich haana mapenzi kubva mubatanidzwa wevatambi - uye chirwere chisingarapike chakaunza matra muguva: akange asiri musi waMay 15th.
Achiziva nezverufu rwekuuya, akagadzira chitendero chekupedzisira - bhokisi rekudya rekudya remuviri, umo muviri wake wakarara namaoko: "Ndichaputsa pasi nekuvhura matenga."
Vadzidzi veCasimir Malevich, sezvaaizungunuka, akaita bhokisi pane rake sketches. Yakapfeka manyorerwo munyu ane shati chena, mabhurugwa matema uye shangu dzvuku. Vakataura zvakanaka kuna tenzi muLeningrad uye Moscow. Muviri wakange wakamisikidzwa muMoscow Don Cremorium uye May 21 Kuviga guruva pasi peMudiwa weMhizha padyo nemusha weNemchinovka (OdIntsovo dunhu reMoscow Dunhu).
Mumakore ehondo, chivakwa chemapuranga chine mraba dema dema akawira pasi, guva racho rakarasika.
Hondo yapera, iye anobata mundoona akawana nzvimbo yeguva, asi munda unogara wakapararira panzvimbo ino. Naizvozvo, kumakuva nzvimbo zvakapfuudzira pamusoro mudondo kumucheto makiromita maviri: dzvuku sikweya yakaiswa pamberi parutivi jena kongiri kuutio. Nhasi, padyo neGravensional Grave ndiyo nhamba yeimba 1, mugwagwa muNemchinovka ndiro zita remuimbi.
Munda wePurazi Anorova, uyo unogara guruva reCasimir Malevich maramita, vakavakirwa iyo Elite Residenti yakaoma "Romashkovo-2". Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2013 2013, tenzi akasimbisa nyika kubva kuguva yekuviga mumakapu, mumwe akapiswa muRomashkov, vamwe vakaendeswa kunzvimbo dzakararama nenzvimbo dzeKazimich.
Chokwadi chinonakidza
- Iyo genius yeCubism uye suprematia kaviri yakundikana bvunzo muiyo chikoro cheMoscow yekupenda, inotyisa uye yekuvaka.
- MunaFebruary 1914, iyo fungidziro yakatora chikamu ichi "muratidziro wehurofu", panguva yaakafamba navo nevanoshanda navo kuKaznetsky Bridge, Starck Wind Khikhloma Zvipongo muLovers.
- Iyo Canvas "Ride Red Cornia" ndiyo chete kubviswa kweMalevich, inozivikanwa seNhoroondo yepamutemo yeSoviet Art nekuda kwekutaurirana neColoc Revolution. Basa rakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: nyika, matenga nevanhu. MuRatio yehupamhi hwepasi nedenga, muimbi akashandisa iyo "Golden Cross chikamu" (chikamu che 0.618). Iyo pendi inochengeterwa mu St. Petersburg Russian Museum.
- Iyo chiratidzo yakagadzirwa naKazimir Malevich iyo AVant-Garde Association "Univis" yaive mutema mraba, semen pane sleeve.
- SaKazimir malevich malqueathed, iyo supermatic mufananidzo yakatongwa nemariro ake. Mufananidzo wechikuru hwaive pabhokisi, muhoro yehurumende yehurumende uye muchitima chemotokari, chakatyaira ash kuenda kuMoscow.
- Iko kune vhezheni yekusikwa kwegirazi rakavezwa naKazimir Malevich. Pfungwa iyi yakauya mumusoro weiyo muimbi muma1930 panguva yejeri yechipiri. Malevich akagovana zano nemunyori we "mushandi uye kolkhoznitsa" mongwe naTenda Mukhina, uyo anoziva vaanozivana uye akatanga kusunungurwa kwemagirazi ekugadzira misa.
- Masisita eNative emukadzi wechipiri sofia Rafalovich akaroora vafambi veEvgenia yeVavengeri veEvgenia uye Dmitry Toporkov, vaive vakamira paRuo Socialism. Malevich's malivity socialalist anotariswazve asina kukodzera.
- Mushure mekufa kwaVladimir Lenin, Kazimir Malevich akaratidzira chirongwa cheMutungamiriri weMutungamiriri. Zvinoenderana nehurongwa hwezvakadzora, gomo rekurima rendo rakafamba muchiratidzo chekusingaperi. Chirongwa chakaramba.
- Muna 2008 kuAuction's Auction, iyo mufananidzo weKazimir Malevich "Suprematic Closition" yakatenga munhu asingazivikanwe pamadhora mazana matanhatu emamiriyoni emadhora. Iyo canvas yakava mufananidzo unodhura wakanyorwa nemhizha kubva kuRussia.
Pendi inozivikanwa malevich
- "Black Square"
- "Chena pane chena"
- "Dema dema"
- "Red Square"
- "Ride Red Kubatana"
- "Suprematic Composition"