Biography
Viktor Hugo mumwe munyori weFrance, avo mabasa avo akapinda munhoroondo uye akava midziyo yekusafi yemanyorero. Gothic Amateur uye mumiriri werudo hupenyu hwake hwese akazvidza mitemo yenharaunda uye akapokana nekusaenzana kwevanhu. Bhuku rinonyanya kuzivikanwa "rakaumbwa" Hugo akanyora panguva yedambudziko rekugadzira, asi, zvakadaro, bhuku iri rakazova chigadzirwa chevanotungamira chevanotakura nyika pasi rese.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Kutanga kwezana ramakore re19: muFrance, shanduko huru yakapfuura, kurongeka kwekare uye madzishe akazara akaparadzwa munyika, yekutanga French Republic yakauya kuzotsiva yeFrench Republic. Iyo nyika yakanyungudutswa: "rusununguko, kuenzana, kushamwaridzana", uye wechidiki mukuru Napoleon Bonaparte yakadzvanya tariro yeramangwana rakajeka.
Yakanga iri panguva iyo nheyo dzekare dzakaparadzwa, uye muFrance rakatsauka kubva kune zviyo zvekuchinja, mukuru weyechizvino neNapoleonid mauto Sizhisber Hugo akaberekerwa mwanakomana wechitatu. Chiitiko ichi chakaitika munaFebruary 26, 1802 kumabvazuva kwenyika, muguta reBesancon. Iye mukomana akatumidza kuti Menor airwadziwa uye asina kusimba, pane ndangariro dzaamai vake Sophie, mwana aive "hapachina banga retafura."
Mhuri yakanga yakapfuma uye vaigara mumba menhau nhatu-nyaya. Leopold yakauya kubva kumhando yemararamiro, asi iyo huru yeFrance yeFrance yakatendera murume kuti azviratidze. Baba vemitauro yemunguva yemberi vakapfuura nzira kubva kumukuru weRepublican mauto kune mutsigiri weBonaparte uye, pakupedzisira, akava mukuru. Hugo SR. Anowanzo kuendesa nekuda kweChikwereti chebasa, saka mhuri iyi yakatamira kuItari, Spain, Marseille, uye nezvitsuwa zviri muMedithera uye tuscany. Kufamba kunosara zvisina kujairika kufungidzira muVictor vadiki, avo vanozowana matsime mumabasa emunyori.
Kubva ku biography of amai Hugo, rinozivikanwa chete kuti aiverenga mwanasikana wengarava.
Sophie naLeopold vakaedza kuunza vakomana vatatu (Victor, Abheri naEzena) murudo, asi nyika yevakaroorana vanosvikapo, nei vaigara vachikanganisa. Iko kudiwa kwakanamatira kune dzidziso yeumambo uye voltairean uye mukuchinja kweFrance kwaive mutsigiri weimba yeBourbon Dynasty, nepo hugo mukuru aive anenge akazvipira nekuzvipira kwaNapoleon. Kwete chete kugoverwa kwezvematongerwo enyika kwakamanikidza vabereki vemunyori wenguva yemberi kuti vaparidzi: Sophie aive nerudo padivi neakajairika Viktor Lagori.
Nekuda kwekupokana mubereki, hama nhatu dzakararama paSophie, uye muna 1813 mai nababa Viktor Gyu vakarambana, uye mukadzi akatamira kuguta guru, ndokutora mwana mudiki naye. Mune ramangwana, sophie akazvidemba kanopfuura kamwe uye akaedza kuyananisa nemumwe wake, asi aisada kukanganwa kutuka kwekare.
Amai vakakurudzira kwazvo kuViKe: Akakwanisa kukurudzira mwana anozvidza mwana - vateveri verusununguko, uye mufananidzo wemamambo wakakwana wakaumbwa nemukomana nekuverenga mabhuku.
Mabhuku
Leopold akarota kuti mwana mudiki akabatanidza nesainzi chaivo, kunze kweizvozvo, mukomana aive netarenda kune masvomhu, akanyatsotarisa uye akanyatsotsungirira equanations. Zvichida Mwanakomana General anga aine basa reMichel rolly kana descarts, asi Victor akasarudza imwe nzira uye aigona kupinda muPolyTochnic University.
Munyori wenguva yemberi wezvinyorwa zvisina kujairika akasarudza nhamba dzechitunha zveLatin nemabhuku, achiverenga mabasa makuru neye rop. Nekudaro, Hugo akatanga kunyora zvisinganzwisisike uye nhetembo muhudiki, kudzidza kuLouisig Loisig, kubva 1812. Jaya racho kazhinji raive munyori wemapepa ezvikoro zvakadzvanywa: Matafura akaomeswa akashanda sedanho rezvemitambo, uye zvipfeko zvechikamu zvakachekwa maoko evana kubva kune bepa renzou uye kadhibhodi.
Iye mukomana paaive nemakore gumi nematanhatu, akafemerwa nemumiriri wekutanga werudo rweFrancois uye akarota kuti ave mudetembi yeFrance. Muchidimbu che autobological, munyori wenguva yemberi we "Cathedral weParishi yedu" akanyorwa neshanduro yezvisikwa Vergil 10 Teturadok: Ipapo mukomana aive pachipatara chekuratidzira nekuda kwegumbo rake.
Gare gare, jaya rekuzvikudza rakawana manyoro, akanyatso kuunganidzwa naamai vake, uye akapisa mabasa ake, achifunga kuti aigona kuwedzera uye zvinyorwa zvekushandisa. Pamucherechedzo wekupedzisira, Victor anonyora kuti hazvina musoro uye anokwevera chifananidzo chezai, mukati meiyo huku iripo.
VIKTOR Paive nemakore gumi nemashanu, akazviratidza semubatsiri ari pachena eumambo hwehumbo hwehutongi uye hunotungamirwa hwenguva yemberi rekare.
Muna 1813, mudiki Hugo anotora chikamu mumakwikwi emanyorero, ayo anomiririra nhengo dzeJUTO pamusoro pezvakanakira sainzi, les avantiges des, iro rinowana rumbidzo uye yekufungidzira. Vamwe vatongi vaisatenda kuti munyori wenhoroondo wenhetembo akashandurwa 15, nekuti mubasa remukundi akazivisa semurume mukuru aine mamiriro ezvinhu epasi rose.
Munyori wechidiki akarumbidza imba yeBourbon mumabasa: Nekuti Odu "kuti adzorerwe pachifananidzo cheHeinrich iv", murume wechidiki akagamuchira kutarisisa uye kufarirwa nevakuru veFrance vakabhadhara kune tarenda diki. Ini ndaifanira kukurudzira mari nenzira, sezvo Leopold akaramba kubatsira mwanakomana wemari nekuda kwekusawirirana kwekupedzisira kupinda chikoro chePolytechnic.
Iye mukomana paaive nemakore 17, pamwe chete naHama Abel, vanoenderera mberi nekuburitswa kwemagazini yezita rinoti "zvinyorwa zveComputive", uye muCody ", akabuda muna 1822, akagadzira kukunda mudetembi anozivikanwa mu ruzhinji rweruzhinji.
Mabhuku aGyu ane ruzivo rwekudanana, uye mune zvakanyorwa nemunyori, chikamu chezvematongerwo enyika kana chezvematongerwo enyika chakavanzika, nepo chiRungu cherudo cheBaron vaive mabasa emunhu, icho chaive hunhu hwevanhu.
Vagari veFrance vaifanira kuchengeta kusaenzana kwevanhu, kusviba, kusviba, kusagadzikana kwevakadzi uye humwe hupenyu hwezvinhu, kunyangwe Paris rainzi guta rerudo. Hugo, semunyori chero chero munyori, aive munhu anocherekedza ainetseka nezveizvozvo zvakatenderedza. Uyezve, mumabasa ake, Victor haana kuwedzera kukosha kwekurohwa kwenyika, achiedza kuratidza kuti vanazvo matambudziko eruzhinji aizogadziriswa kana munhu akadzidza kukoshesa tsika nehunhu.
Kazhinji, mabasa emunyori weFrance akanyorwa nezvematongerwo enyika, mubhuku rakakura kwazvo rekutongerwa rufu "(1829) munyori wekutevedzana kuteedzerwa. Kugadzirisa pfungwa dzerufu, kugadzirira pfungwa uye hupfu hwacho Litery gamba, yakagadzirirwa kuparara.
Zvakare, pfungwa yehunyanzvi ibasa reViktor Hugo "Munhu Anoseka" (Pre-Victor aida kutumidza zita rakanyorwa ", akanyorwa nemunyori ari mukuru. Iyo yechokwadi inotsanangura zvinotyisa zvemhirizhonga munharaunda, iyo yakaitwa neVerkhovna. Basa iri rinotaura nezveShe Guinplane, uyo muhuduku hwake aive kumeso kuti atadze mugari wenhaka pachigaro uye nechimiro. Nemhaka yekusaderera kwekunze, mukomana akarapwa semunhu wechipiri-asina kurongeka, asingatarisire kumapati ake akanaka.
"Kurambwa"
Upenyu "hwakaumbwa", rakanyorwa neiyo Hugo muna 1862 - Iyo yepamusoro yebasa remunyori weFrance, iro rakazoiswa rakazotevera firimu racho gare gare. Pfungwa yehurongwa hwekunyora ine matambudziko ekuraramisa kweupenyu hwakakomberedza, senge nzara uye urombo, kudonha kwevasikana kuchidimbu nekuda kwechingwa, pamwe nekukasira kwekirasi yepamusoro, iyo yaive simba .
Kugadzirwa kwebasa iri Jean Valzhan, avo nekuda kwemhuri ine nzara yakaba muBakelochka. Nemhaka yemhosva isingaiti, murume akagamuchira makore ese ari mutirongo, uye mushure mekubuda kune kuda kwaive kwakaderedzwa kwakanyarara kodzero yehupenyu hwakanyarara.
Pasinei nenzvimbo inosiririsa munharaunda, gamba reRoma rine chinangwa - kuita musikana asina pekugara anofara.
Maererano nevarume vevakuru vemunyori weFrance, bhuku rakavakirwa pane zviitiko chaicho: Muna 1846 Hugo akaona murume akasungwa nekuda kwechingwa chechipfu.
Zvakare, victor inotsanangura hupenyu hwemukomanakombe mukomana - Syrota gavrosh, anofa panguva yekushomeka kwaJune uyo apfuura muna 1831.
"Cathedral yeParisian Yedu Mukadzi"
Pfungwa ye "Cathedral yeParis Kamita" inomuka kubva kuViktor Hugo muna 1828, uye bhuku racho rinobudiswa muna 1831. shanda nenhoroondo yekunyorwazve.
Victor akavimba nezvakaitika chevhu akakurumbira munyori-wenhoroondo Walter Scott. "Iyo Cathedral yeParisian Yedu Mukadzi Wedu" aive nechinangwa chezvematongerwo enyika: Munguva yeupenyu hwake, munyori weRoma airidza kuvakazve kwetsika.
Naizvozvo, gothic katoric cathedral muParis, ndeapi masemisi aizoenda kumadhimoni, akava gamba guru rebasa. Roman inotaura nezve hutsinye hwevanhu uye kushamiswa kusingaperi kwezvakanaka nezvakaipa. Iri bhuku rinonyorova uye rinotaura nezvezvishamiso zvakashata Mushure mekufa kweiyo Hugo, basa raive rakavanzika: Yakanga ichivakirwa pane yakakurumbira "Horbun kubva kuNotre Dame" (1996).
Hupenyu Hwako
Victor Hudo wega hupenyu hwakazvisiyanisa kuti aive neukama hwehukama nevanhukadzi. Muhudiki, munyori anowira murudo naAdel Fushe, mumiriri akajairika weBourgeoisie. Muna 1822, mudiwa akaroora. Vaviri vane vana vashanu (mwana wekutanga vakafa mukuvanya), asi runako rweAdel rwakatanga kuregeredza Hugo: Haana kufunga kuti munyori wemumwe ane tarenda uye haana kuverenga mutsetse mumwe kubva kumabasa ake. Asi mukadzi wacho akachinja murume wake aine shamwari yake Saint-Beva, achiramba kukunda mumufaro wezvenyama, chero kupihwa kwemunyori kwakagumbura musikana, asi akasarudza kunyarara pamusoro pepfuma.
Gare gare, huku inowira murudo nejira rekunyika-runako jultuit, iyo yaive iri muchinda waAnatoly demidov, isina kuramba musikana muumbozha. New Passasy nechido yakadanana nemunyori aida kupedzisa novel nemurume akapfuma. Asi muhukama pakati pehugo, zvakange zvakanyanyisa kupusa: kubva kune mumwe mukadzi wepfuma idzva akashanduka kuita mukadzi, waipfekera rags: Munyori weR r Romov akapa chidiki chemari yekubhadhara uye akadzora ese akashandisa mari.
Vadiwa vatsva vakudi vairota kuti vave mutambi, asi munyori haana kuita chero kuedza kuitira kuti musikana agamuchire basa remitambo.
Gare gare, shungu yekuti Jultte yekare yemunyori wakatonhorera, uye akange asiri kupokana nevasikana nevasikana kwehusiku humwe, kwekutambira izvo zvakarongedza hofisi yakaparadzana mumba make.
Rufu
Iye munyori mukuru akafa muchirimo cha 1885 kubva pneumonia. Mharidzo pamusoro pekufa kweViktor Hugo mig akabhururuka neFrance yose, mamirioni avanhu anochema uye akaita semariro emunyori wezvipenga zvisina kufanira.
Imwe yenzvimbo dzinodiwa dzevateveri vehuku yaive chitsuwa cheJersey, uko Victor akabata makore matatu anofadza uye akazvizivisa sedetet.
BHAIBHERI
- "Kurambwa"
- "Cathedral yeParisian Yedu Mukadzi"
- "Munhu Anoseka"
- "Zuva Rokupedzisira Rekutongerwa Rufu"
- "Makumi mapfumbamwe-matatu-Yechitatu gore"
- "Kozett"
- "Vashandi vegungwa"
- "Gavrosh"
- "Claude Ge"
- "Ernani"
Quotes
- "Isa gomba rakadzikadzika rekusaziva, uye unoparadza zvakabatanidzwa";
- "Vanhu vakuru havawanzo kuratidzika sega";
- "Mazano azosara mutambo mudondo remusango";
- "Downtown, uyo anoziva nzira, inopfuura prunenjiri, ichipa chero";
- "Hazvina basa neni, kune simba raro; Izvo zvakakosha kudivi rayo kodzero ";
- "Munhu ngaarege chete mweya wemukadzi, asiwo muviri wake, uye kazhinji muviri unopfuura mweya. "Vadiwa, muviri isimbi."