Biography
Saladine mutongi weIjipita neSyria, aigara muXii century. Mumiriri wekutanga wedzinza reAyubid, uyo akapinda nyaya semukuru wemauto eIslam kuramba kune knights-crusaders.
Mutungamiriri wemunguva yemberi weMuslim Middle East akaberekerwa muna 1138 muTikrit. Sekuru nasekuru vemukomana vakanga vachitangirwa neKurds uye vakashumirwa mumauto eTuriki, asi mukomana kubva paudiki aive mumutsayenzi, uye kwete kudzidziswa zvehondo. Akadzidza algebra, Geometry, kunyanya, aiziva Euclide uye Almgast. Asi kazhinji pane zvese, saladini aifarira dzidziso dzaIslam. Jaya racho rakataurwa chero kupi kubva kuHamas, muunganidzwa wenhetembo evanyori vechiArab, pamwe nemabasa naAbu Tammama. Salandine yaida iyo Scakunov uye yaiziva zvakawanda nezvavo. Akasanganiswa mudzinza revanhu uye aigona kudzokorora biography yegamba ripi ripi ripi kana riripo.
Kufunga nezve fate yenyika, jaya iro nejaya rakazvisimbisa kuti atange basa remauto. Saladina yatove ichinetseka pamusoro pemagumo enyika yeArab mumakore ekutanga, ayo sekuru nasekuru nasekuru vake. Babamunini Astad Ad-din Shirkuh anova mutauri wekutanga wejaya rekudzidzisa muchiuto. Saladin yakakwanisa kupfupika kuti ipinde gumi yegumi yevarwi vakasimba vehondo Amir Dhamasiko nur-ad-dina.
Mushure mekutanga kwemakramusha muna 1096, maMuslim vaigara vakatsvaga kusunungurwa kubva kuguta dzvene, umo kukwidziridzwa kwemuporofita pachizvarwa chechinomwe kwakaitika. Naizvozvo, vatongi vechiArab vakatungamira kurwa kunotyisa nevanokudza kodzero dzekuchakora kuti vatore Jerusarema, uye kurwa uku kwave kureva hupenyu hweSaladini.
Pana 26, saladine yakatora chikamu mukuraswa kwe cairo mushandirapamwe webabamunini vake. Shirkuh akabatsira kudzoreredzwa kweBhodi reVaviri Vizier yeShevara, asi panguva imwe chete iyoyo vakaronga kutorwa kwenzvimbo dzehurumende. Mamiriro akadaro haana kukodzera mutongi, uye akakumbira kubatsirwa kubva kuJerusarema raMambo Amori I. Arto Arto the the Fortress yeBilbeis, iyo inotanga kuerera. Saladine mune idzi hondo dzinodzora hunyanzvi hwemauto, pamwe nekugona kufunga zvine hunyanzvi.
Sezvo azere nekukomba kwemwedzi mitatu yeBilbeis, varwi veShevara, pamwe chete nevarwi, vakatsauswa kugwenga, iyo iri kumadokero kweGiza. Saladin akabvuma kuraira kweruoko rweruoko rwehondo, uye mushure mekunge reropa rikundwa muvengi, vakadzinga varwi mujecha rinorema pamabhiza. Shirchuch akabuda muhondo neanokunda, asi aine mararamiro makuru.
Nzvimbo yekuvhunduka kwevakapona vanopasa uye kukuudzana kune purofiti yevasina kujairika, yakava guta guru reEgypt, nepo Saladini naShirkuh vakagara muAlexandria. Makore mana gare gare, ma crusaders akabvuma kuti abve Egypt. Kwapera gore, Shevar akatapwa uye akaurayiwa nehondo yaShiramu, uye saladin akatora nzvimbo yake. Mutongi weNur-Ad-Dean-Dean-Dean-Dean, aive asina kuteerera murwi wakashinga, haana kugutsikana neSaladin munyu, asi munguva pfupi mutongi akawana mutauro wakajairika.
Dare Rinodzora
Muna 1174, nur-ad-deda akafa kamwe kamwe kubva kuAnalina, uye muSultani Egypt akagona kuva amira Dhamasiko nemutongi weSiria. Uchishandisa kukanganiswa kwezvematongerwo enyika mune zvemutungamiriri weDhamasiko, pamwe nesimba rekupinda, saladine yaizivikanwa semusoro weNyika uye tateguru wedzinza reAyubid. Kubatanidza Nyika Egypt neSyria, Saladiin yakava mutongi wenharaunda yakakura muMiddle East.
Kuti asimbise simba ravo pachavo, saladin akashandisa hama dzepedyo mune ese akakosha nyika. Mutungamiriri akagadzira uto razvino, iro rakanga risingaenzani panguva iyoyo, akasimbisa frotilla. Kutendeuka kwenyika neuto reSaladil rakazivisa Hondo nenharaunda isiriyo inogarwa neLaya Asia. Munharaunda yakadaro kutya na Emperor Byzantium Alexey i uye kumanikidzwa kukumbira rubatsiro uye kuchengetedzwa kubva papa.
Hondo
Hondo kurwa nevafundisi, vaigara muJerusarema, vakatanga Salidini muna 1187 paakatogadzira humambo hwakakomberedza ndima yeguta dzvene. Hondo yeImpeccable inosanganisira varidzi vemabhiza mazhinji, zviratidzi zvemabhiza uye mucheche, panguva ino vakakunda vazhinji kukunda kukuru.
Iko kutanga kwemauto kunoitirwa ma knights kwaive kurwa kweKhattin. Kutenda kune iyo nenzira yakakodzera zano, iyo lubrication yeEuropean mune zvinoregedza jecha, maMuslim anodudzira anopfuura hafu yehondo yemuvengi uye akabata zviuru makumi maviri ma knights. Yakakwirira-danda crusaders dzakarova anokunda, pamwe nemutungamiriri-mukuru-mukuru weuto reEuropean.
Mushure mekukunda kweTiber Lake, saladin vakatora maAcre naJaffu, maguta ePalestine, avo vaive vari pasi pesimba revaKnights. Mushure meizvozvo, muuto re1987, uto raSaladini rakapinda muJerusarema, uye simba riri muguta rakapfuura vateveri veIslam. Mushure mekupemberera kweSaladini yeSaladini yakakwanisa kuchengetedza kumeso kwemunhu: Vasungwa vazhinji vakasiya hupenyu ndokubvumidzwa kushanyira nzvimbo dzvene dzeJerusarema. Kubva kuvaKristu, akabvunza mumwe chete - kwete kusimudza bakatwa pane maMuslim.
Asi Vatican aisazorega, uye gadziriro dzakatanga mushandirapamwe wezvitendero, izvo zvakatanga muna 1189 pasi pehutungamiri hweVatongi veVakuru, France - France - Emperor Friedrich I. VaEurope vakatadza kuwana mvumo uye pakutanga vakapopotedzana asi mushure mekufa kwemambo weGerman uye kudonha kwemauto ake kudivi revaKatorike, mauto maviri chete ndiye akasara.
Pakutanga, maKristu akatokunda. Muna 1191, mushure mekutora guta reAkana, Philip II akakurumidza kudzokera kumba, achisiya mambo weChirungu mumwe neuto reSaracinov.
Saladine haina kuzvigadzirira kuti imirire kwenguva yakareba uye munaGunyana 7, 1191 akaita basa rehondo neguta reArSUFE. Kusangana kwemauto maviri aya kwakapera mugore nekusaina chiumbwa, icho chakapa hupenyu hwusingaperi hwezvitendero zviviri munharaunda yeJerusarema pamwe nekurefumwe kwesimba. Saladin inokudzwa nzvimbo dzechiKristu uye dzakatonamatira pabhokisi raIshe. Bhodhi reSultani reSultani risina kuparadzwa neTembere ipi neipi yeChristian.
Hupenyu Hwako
Saladine, semuMuslim chaiye, aive nemadzimai akati wandei, asi mazita avo haana kuchengetedzwa muMakronike. Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti chete chokwadi chekuti mushure mekufa kweiyo chirikadzi yeNur-Dina Sultani, Ismat Al-Dean Hatun yakava mukadzi wemutongi anotevera. Kubva kwaari, saladini akazvarwa vanakomana vaviri - Gazi naDhodhi.Muzvose, nezvakaitika kare, saladin yaive nemadzimai mana kana mashanu, kwete kuverenga varongo. Zviri pamutemo zvaionekwa nevanakomana 17 nemwanasikana.
Rufu
Saladine yakafamba ichienda kune chinangwa chake - kudzoreredza iyo yeArab caliphate. Kuti uite izvi, pakupera kwe1192 kwakatanga kugadzirira mushandirapamwe kuBaghdad. Asi pakupera kwaFebruary 1193 Kamwe kamwe kumhanya.
Chikonzero chehurwere chaive fever yero. Musi waKurume 4, saladine akafa kamwe kamwe muguta guru reSyria. Zvishatiso zvaAstultiraticated zvisina kujairika, uye humambo hwakabatana navo zvakakamurwa nevanakomana mushure mekufa kwake mundima dzinoverengeka.
Ndangariro
Mufananidzo wehondo huru uye mukundi, vanyori vakafuridzirwa vakafuridzirwa uye vaCinematograkehs kuti vagadzire mabasa emhizha. Mumwe wevekutanga European anokwezva kuzivikanwa kweSaladin aive Walter Scott, akasika bhuku "Talisman". Basa racho raive rakavakirwa parondedzero yeiyo yekupedzisira hike yevaKristu paJerusarema uye biography yeSaladin.
Muindasitiri yefirimu, zita remutungamiriri rinowanikwa mufirimu "Humambo hweDenga", iro rakazvipirawo kuhondo yevakakomberedzwa nevaMuslim. Iyo Arab Actor Gassan Massan, uyo, achitonga nemufananidzo, ane hombe yekufanana nechero nhoroondo, akataura seEjipitori muEjipitori. Uye muna 2004, iyo saladin inosunungurwa, magamba evaiva vanhu vakashinga veIjipita neSyria vakatungamira nemutongi mudiki uye mudiki uye akachenjera.