Biography
Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky - Iyo Yakakurumbira Russian Painter-Marinist, Munyori anopfuura zviuru zvitanhatu canvas. Muzvinafundo, anodzidza, anokudzwa, nhengo dzisingaremekedzwe dzevadzidzi veArmsburg, Amsterdam, Roma, Stuttgart, Paris uye Florence.
Runyorwa rwemangwana rakazvarwa muFoodosia, muna 1817, mumhuri yeGevevorma neRiverma Gaivazovsky. Amai Ovasnes (Versian Version vakatumidza zita revan) rakanga riri Armeni Mucoodosia, Gevork akagara pasi pezita raGaivazovsky, ichinyora kune iyo Polish maitiro.
Baba vaOvansa vaive munhu anoshamisa, vanopinda vanoshamisa. Baba vaiziva Turkish, Hungary, ChiPolish, Ukraine, Russian, uye kunyange mitauro yeGypsy. MuCrimea, Gevork Aivazyan, uyo akazova Konstantin Grigorievich Grigazovich Gaivazovys, akanyatsobudirira kuita kutengeserana. Mumazuva iwayo, Feodosia akakurumidza kukura, achiwana chimiro chechiteshi chenyika, asi kubudikidza nemushambadzi weInternet kwakaunzwa kuZero The Direya, yakatanga mushure mehondo nehondo neNapoleon.
Pakasvika nguva yekuzvarwa kweIvan, Gaivazovsky anga atove mwanakomana waSargis, akatumidza Gabrieri muMonastics, ipapo vamwe vanasikana vakaberekerwa, asi mhuri yaigara mukushayiwa kukuru. Kudzvinyirira kwamai kwakabatsira murume wake, achitengesa hunyanzvi hwake hunyanzvi. Ivan Raka uye mwana anorota. Mangwanani akamuka akamhanyira kumaodzanyemba kwemahombekombe, mitezo madiki ekuredza muchiteshi, achiyemura runako rusina kujairika nenzvimbo dzezuva, madutu uye akadzikama.
Mukomana akanyora pendi yake yekutanga pajecha, uye mushure memaminitsi mashoma ivo vakashambwa ne surf. Ipapo akashongedza chidimbu chemarasha uye akashongedzwa nemifananidzo yemadziro machena eimba iyo Gaivazovsky akararama. Baba vakatarisa, vachikanganisa manyuka emwanakomana wavo, asi haana kudzima, asi akafunga zvakadzama. Kubva pamakore gumi Ivan akashanda muchitoro chekofi, achibatsira mhuri, ayo asina kumutadzisa kukura mwana akangwara uye ane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane tine vane matarenda.
Semwana, Aivazovsky pachake akadzidza kuridza violin, uye, chokwadika, kugara ndichipendwa. Iyo fates yakauya naye kuFoodoct Architect Yakov Koh, uye nguva ino inoonekwa seinotshanduka nzvimbo, ichisimbisa mumagariro ezvinyorwa zvehupenyu hwemunharaunda zvine hungwaru. Nekuona hunyanzvi hwemukomana, Koh akapa mujaya mudiki aine mapenzura, pendi uye pepa, akapa zvidzidzo zvekutanga zvekutevera. Mukuru wechipiri weIvana akazova greador yeFoodosia Alexander Chefev. Gavhuna akatora mutambo une hunyanzvi we vanya pane violin, nekuti iye anowanzoita musitis.
Muna 1830, hupfumi hwakaratidza Aivazovsky kuenda kuSimferopol Gymnasium. MuSimferol, mukadzi weTouride Gavhuna weNatalia Naryshkin akaunganidza kutarisisa mwana ane tarenda. Ivan akatanga kugara mumba make, uye mukadzi wenyika akapa raibhurari yake, muunganidzwa wekunyora, mabhuku pamusoro pesipendi, art. Mukomana akashanda nesimba, akateedzera mabasa akakurumbira, akapendwa nezvakarukwa, sketches.
Nekubatsira kweiyo mufananidzo weSalvator Tonchi Naryshkin, mutungamiri weOlin, mutungamiri wenyika yeUmperict Actss Mutsamba, akarondedzera matarenda eAivazovsky zvakadzama zvakadzama, hupenyu hwake hwemamiriro ezvinhu uye akasungirirwa mifananidzo. Olenin akatarisa tarenda rejaya, uye munguva pfupi Ivan yakanzi kune yekudzidzira yehunyanzvi nekunyorwa kwehumambo Nikolai ini, akaonawo mifananidzo yakatumirwa.
Pazera ramakore gumi nematatu, Ivan Aivazovsky akazova murume wechidiki wezvidzidzo mune imwe nyika yekirasi Vobyov. Mudzidzisi ane ruzivo akabva angofungidzirwa kuti huwandu hwese uye simba re tarenda reAivazovsky uye sezvinobvira zvakaratidza kuti jaya rehunyanzvi hwechiratidzo
Mudzidzi anokurumidza kukurumidza kupfuura mumwe mudzidzisi, uye voropu akavimbisa Aivazovsky Philippe Tanner, a French Marinist akasvika muSt. Petersburg. Tanner uye Aivazovsky haana kufananidza mavara. Iye muFrance akarasa mudzidzi basa rose rekunyora, asi Ivan achiri kuwana nguva yekuenda kwake.
Kupenda
Muna 1836, kuratidzwa kwaiitirwa, uko mabasa ematwenya nevadiki Ayvazovsky akaunzwa. Imwe yemabasa eIan Konstantinovich menduru, ndega yepepanhau remetropolitan rikamurumbidza, ivo vaFrance vakazvidzwa mune tsika. Firipi, achipfuta kubva kuhasha negodo, akanyunyuta kuna mambo pamudzidzi ane ngurive asina kodzero yekuratidzira basa rake pariratidzo risina ruzivo rweMudzidzisi.
Zvekare, muFrance aive akanaka, naNikolai vakaraira kuti vabvise mifananidzo kubva pakuratidzwa, uye ivivovsky pachezvake vakawira mukunyadziswa kudare. Mhizha ine tarenda yakatsigirwa nepfungwa dzakanakisa dzeguta guru, iye akakwanisa kuunza kuzivana: mapapiro, zhukovsky, purezidhendi weOlenin. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nyaya yacho yakafungidzirwa kuti inyasha yeIvan, iyo Alexander Zaerwere, akadzidzisa kupenda nevakadzi ven'i.
Nikolai akapa Aivazovsky uye akatomutumira pamwe chete nemwanakomana wake Konstantin kuBaltic Fleet. Cesarevich achidzidza nheyo dzegungwa uye kutungamirirwa kwechikepe, uye aivazovsky nenzira yehunyanzvi yemubvunzo (zvakaoma kunyora zvirongwa zvehondo uye zvikepe, zvisingazive midziyo yavo).
Cheecerication yose yakava mudzidzisi weAivazovsky mukirasi yehondo pendi. Mushure memwedzi mishoma, munaSeptember 1837, mudzidzi ane tarenda akagamuchira menduru yegoridhe yemufananidzo "County"
Pazera ramakore makumi maviri, Ivan Aivazovsky akazova vakanyanya kupedza kudzidza kwehunyanzvi (sekureva nemirairo yaaifanirwa kudzidza kwemamwe makore matatu) uye akatanga rwendo rwakabhadharwa: kutanga mumaruva ake, uye Zvadaro kwamakore matanhatu kuEurope. Artist anofara akadzokera kuhama dzake foodosia, akafamba nemutsotsi, akatora chikamu mukutakura marine kurohwa muCircassia. Pakati peino nguva, akanyora mabasa mazhinji, kusanganisira nerunyararo marongero emaruwa uye kurwa kwehondo.
Mushure mekugara kwenguva pfupi muSt. Petersburg muna 1840, Aivazovsky akaenda kuVenice, kubva ipapo kuenda kuFlorence uye Roma. Munguva yerwendo urwu, Ivan Konstantinovich akasangana nemurume mukuru Gabriel, monk pachitsuwa cheSoint Lazarus, akasangana neGogol. MuItari, muimbi akadzidza mabasa evatenzi vakuru uye akanyora zvakawanda. Kwese kwaakaratidza pendi yake, vazhinji vakatengwa nekukurumidza.
Nhangwari yake "nyonganiso" yaishuvira kutenga papa iye. Kunzwa izvi, Ivan Konstantinovich pachaisa pontiff. Iyo yakabata Gregory XVI yakapihwa kupenda mendima yegoridhe, uye ku77 maronda emarinister akanamatira pane ese europe. Muimbi akabva ashanyira Switzerland, Holland, England, Portugal neSpain. Vari munzira kuenda kumba, ngarava iyo iyo Aivazovsky yakafamba nechikepe, yakapinda mudutu, dutu rinotyisa rakatanga. Kwenguva yakati kune runyerekupe rwekuti maMarinist akafa, asi nerombo rakanaka, akakwanisa kuenda kumba ari mupenyu uye asina kukuvadzwa.
Aivazovsky akadonha mugumo unofara kuti awonekwe uye kunyange hushamwari nevanhu vazhinji vakanaka veiyo nguva. Muimbi akanyatsoziva Alexander pushkin, Glinka, Nikolai Raevsky, Kiprenky, Bryoullov, Zhukovsky, Kwete kutaura hushamwari nemhuri yemhuri. Uye zvakadaro, pfuma, kukudzwa hakuna kunyengerera muimbi. Iyo huru muhupenyu hwake yaigara iri mhuri, vanhuwo zvavo, basa raunofarira.
Rake uye kuva mukurumbira, Ivazovsky akagadzira zvakawanda zveFoodosia: vakatanga chikoro chehunyanzvi uye mhizha yekare, iyo guta remvura, iyo yemvura yemvura, iyo yaive nzungu kubva kune yake yeruzivo. Pakupera kwehupenyu, Ivan Konstantinovich ichishanda uye achishandira America: Akashanda zvakanyanya, akabatsira vanhu, vakanaka veguta rake reguta.
Hupenyu Hwako
Hupenyu hwevanhu hwega hwependi hwakakura hwakazara nekukwira uye kudonha. Paive nerudo vatatu mumafambiro ake, vakadzi vatatu. Rudo rwekutanga rweAivazovsky - Dancer kubva kuVenice, Wenyika Worldity Maria Tloni, akange ave pedyo nemakore gumi nematatu. Muimbi murudo akaenda kunun'una wake muVenice, asi hukama hwaive hupfupi: Dancer akasarudza rudo rwejaya rechidiki.
Muna 1848, Ivan Konstantinovich aive nerudo muYulia Grevs, mwanasikana womurume weChirungu, iyo yaimbova dare rinoremerwa naFeodosia, kwavakatamba muchato weLush. Muwanano iyi, Aivazovsky aive nevanasikana vana: Alexander, Maria, Elena naZhanna.
Mumufananidzo, mhuri inotaridzika kufara, asi Idlli yaive pfupi. Mushure mekuzvarwa kwevanasikana vevakaroora kwakachinja muhunhu, kwakaita kuti chirwere chipi chinotyisa. Julia aida kugara muguta guru, kuti ave pane zvigunwe, achipa madiki madiki, kutungamira hupenyu hwenyika, uye mwoyo wevahedheni veFeodosia uye vanhuwo zvavo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, muchato wakapera kurambana, iro panguva yakaitika kazhinji. Nekuomerwa, artist akakwanisa kuchengetedza hukama nevanasikana vake nemhuri dzavo: Mukadzi weganda akatanga vasikana baba.
Rudo rwekupedzisira muimbi akatosangana neyekare: Muna 1881 aive aine makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu, uye vasanangurwa vake vanongova nemakore makumi maviri nemashanu. Anna Nikitichna Sarchizov akava mukadzi wake eAVIVCHAVOVS muna 1882 uye aive naye kusvika kumagumo. Runako rwake ruchisvibiswa newawakaroorana naye mumufananidzo wemukadzi wemhizha.
Rufu
Muchengeti wechikuru wechikuru anova mukuru wepasirese pazera ramakore makumi maviri, akafa pamba kuTheodosia ane makore makumi masere nemasere, muna 1900. Patsime reEsel, mufananidzo usina kukodzera we "kuputika kwengarava" kwakaramba.Iyo yakanakisa pendi
- "Nothth va";
- "Chikepe";
- "Husiku vachena";
- "Brig Mercury, akarwiswa ne ngarava mbiri dzeTurkey";
- "Mwedzi usiku humhutsi. Gurzuf ";
- "Moinllight on capri";
- "Mwenje wepamusoro paBopsorous";
- "Mvura ichifamba";
- "Chesmen anorwa";
- "Moonwalk"
- "Bosporohorus muusiku usiku hwemwedzi";
- "A.S. Pushkin paBlack Sece Coast ";
- "Rainbow";
- "Kubuda kwezuva muchiteshi";
- "Chikepe chiri pakati pedutu";
- "Nyonganiso. Chisikwa Wenyika;
- "Kudzikama";
- "VENFIAN Husiku";
- "Mafashama epasi rose".