Biography
Francesco Petrarch ndiyo mudetauro yezana ramakore rechi14, iyo yakava muvambi wekutanga vanhu. Kufunga nezveMentor of Monk-Monk Varlam Kalabrichsky, akatamba basa rakakura muItaly Pratininan uye akazova nhetembo dzeMiddle Ages.
Francesco peturu akaberekerwa muIzzzo musi waChikunguru 20, 1304. Baba vake vakava pietro di surpirate, gweta referentine rakadzingwa kubva kuFlorence panguva imwe chete seDante, rutsigiro rwebato "chena". Perrenzo aive nezita rekuti Petrakko - pamwe nekuda kweizvi akazoumbwa pseudominomin yetemberi. Mhuri yeParenzo yakatama kubva kune imwe guta tuscany kuenda kune imwe, uye kana Francesco akashanduka makore mapfumbamwe, akagara muvashandi veFrance. Pashure pacho, Amai vePetrarca vakatamira kuguta rakavakidzana raCartra.
Mu avignon, mukomana akatanga kuenda kuchikoro, akadzidza mutauro wechiLatin uye akatanga kufarira mabasa emabhuku eRoma. Muna1319, Francesco akapedza chikoro, mushure maizvozvo Baba vakaraira kudzidza ikodzero. Kunyangwe iko kusakura kwacho kwaisave pedyo neFrancesco, murume wacho akaita kuda kwaBaba, kunyoresa kuMontpellier, uye munguva pfupi - uye Yunivhesiti yeBologna. Muna 1326, baba vaPetrarki vakafa, uye jaya iro pachavo rakazoziva kuti vanyori vekare vakamutama kuti vanakidze nezvemabasa emutemo.
Nhaka chete iyo Francesco yakagamuchirwa mushure mekufa kwababa vake yaive manyoro ezvinyorwa zveMergil. Muchidimbu nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma emari, muchikamu nekuda kwekuda kudzidza kwekunamata, mushure mekupedza kudzidza kuyunivhesiti yePetrarka vakasarudza kutora hupirisita. ITLIAN yakagadziriswa papa pevhu revansign uye yakava pedyo nevamiriri vemhuri ine simba yekamuri yekamuri (shamwari kubva panguva yekudzidza kuyunivhesiti).
Muna 1327, Francenko akatanga kuona Laura De New, iyo isingazivikanwe rudo rwewainomuita kuti anyore nhetembo dzainzi dzehunyanzvi huri mumatunhu eItaly sonnets.
Zvisikwa
Petruta ndiye akakurumbira mukurumbira wePetrarca, akanyorwa muItaly. Chikamu chakakura kwazvo chakazvipira pakurara kweDew Mudetembi amene anotaura kuti anodiwa chete kuti zita rake Laura, uyo akatanga kuona musi waApril 6, 1327 muchechi yeSanta Chiara, uye kuti April 6, 1348, mukadzi uyu akafa. Mushure mekufa kweLaura Francesco akapokana nerudo urwu kwemakore gumi.
Unganidzo yeVa Kanzon uye Samnets yakatsaurirwa kuna Laurea inonzi "Ii Canzoniere" kana "Rime Sparse". Kuunganidza kune zvikamu zviviri. Kunyangwe mazhinji emabasa akapinda mukati anotsanangura rudo rwezvipfuyo zverukodzero kusvika pakurara, mu "Chancellier" pakanga paine nzvimbo yemavhesi ezvimwe zvemukati: zvechitendero uye zvematongerwo enyika. Kunyangwe kutanga kwezana regumi nemanomwe kwezana regumi nenomwe, kuunganidza uku kwakanyorwa mazana maviri. Ongororo yeSisnets Inoshanda mu "Chancellier" akanyora nhetembo uye masayendisiti anobva munyika dzakasiyana, achiziva kukosha kusingabvumirwe nemabasa eFrancesco ekusimudzira kwemabhuku echiItaly nemabhuku epasi rose.
Zvinokosha kuziva kuti petrarchi iye haana kurondedzera zvakanyatsoenderana nenhetembo yake yeItaly. Kunyangwe yaive nhetembo dzakachengetedza ruzhinji, uye pakutanga peterque rakanyora chete iye oga uye akaziva semapundu uye mabherogigedhi anomubatsira kuderedza mweya. Asi kutendeseka kwavo uye kutungamira kwavo kwakawira pakuravira kwenharaunda yenyika, uye semhedzisiro, mabasa aya aive nemhedzisiro yerudzi rwezvipfuyo zvezvipfuyo nepamusoro pevanyori vezvizvarwa zvakazotevera.
Nhetembo yaItaly-inotaura chiTetria pasi pezita "anokunda", uzivi hwehupenyu hwake hwakawana maratidziro ayo anozivikanwawo zvakanyanya. Mariri, munyori nerubatsiro rwezvematongerwo enyika anotaura nezvecheni yekukunda: Rudo runokunda munhu, Kuchena - Rufu - Rufu - Nguva Yekufa, Kupedzisira, Kupedzisira, Kupedzisira, Kupedzisira, Kupedzisira, Kupedzisira, Kupedzisira, Kupedzisira, Kupedzisira, Kupedzisira, Kupedzisira, Kupedzisira, Kupedzisira, Kupedzisira, Kupedzisira, Kupedzisira, Kupedzisira, Kupedzisira, Kupedzisira, Kupedzisira, Kupedzisira, Kupararira Kwekusingaperi Nguva.
Italian Misnets, Chancen, Madrigals Francesco aive nesimba risingaverengeki chete nekuda kwenhetembo, asiwo kumimhanzi. Vagadziri xiv (nepo kuberekwa kwakatarwa), uyezve mazana emakore emagetsi akaisa mavhesi aya sehwaro hwemabasa avo emimhanzi. Semuenzaniso, sheeth sheet yakanyora "SonNet petrarks" piyano pasi pesimba rakadzama renhetembo dzenhetembo dzakatsaurirwa.
Mabhuku pane Latin
Kumabasa akakosha aFrancesco, yakanyorwa muchiLatin inosanganisira mabhuku anotevera:
- Autobiography "Epistola Ad posteros" muchimiro chetsamba kune zvizvarwa zvinotevera. Mune ichi chisikwa, Petraka anotsigira nhoroondo yehupenyu hwake kubva kunze (hurukuro nezve zviitiko zvakakosha zvakaitika pane hupenyu hwake).
- Autobiography "de otempu mundi", iyo inoshandurwa sey 'yekuzvidza nyika. " Iyi yemunyori webasa akanyora mumhando yehurukuro neyekufara Augustine. Iyo yechipiri autobiography yedetembi inotaura zvakawanda nezvekuratidzwa kwekunze kwenhoroondo yehupenyu hwake, yakawanda sei nezvekukura kwayo kwemukati, kurwira pakati pezvishuvo zvega uye hutsika, zvichingodaro. Iyo hurukuro naAugustine inoshanduka kuita duel duel pakati pehunyanzvi uye yechitendero neascetic worldview, mune vanhu vanokunda vanhu.
- Kuongorora (kutaura kwakatsamwa kwakapomerwa) zvine hukama nevamiriri vetsika, matinji ezvematongerwo enyika, ezvitendero. Petrarch aive mumwe uye wekutanga ekugadzira manhamba anokwanisa kutarisa zvirevo, dzidziso uye kutongwa kwezvino kubva pane zvakaoma maonero. Saka, kuongorora kwake kurwisa chiremba, uyo aiona sainzi yakakosha pane kujeka uye nhetembo. Zvakare, Francesco akaratidzira nhamba yechiFrench emahara (vamiriri vezviyo zvepamusoro zvevafundisi vechiKaturike, kurwisa averroistist dzidziso dzezana rakakurumbira reCenturical yezana reXIII), masayendisiti eRoma emakore apfuura, zvichingodaro.
- "Mavara asina kero" - anoshanda umo munyori anoshora zvine ushingi hutsika hweRome XIV Century. Petrairka, mukati mehupenyu hwake, aive atenda kuKaturike zvakanyanya, asi haana kutya mashure emweya wepamoyo, aive nemaitiro aionekwa asingagamuchiriki, uye haana kunyara kuzvishora pachena. "Mavara asina kero" anogadziriswa kune avo vakagadzirwa mavara, saka vanhu chaivo. Pfungwa dzekunyora inoshanda mune yakadaro francesco fomati yakakweretwa muCicero uye Seneiki.
- "Africa" is a epic nhetembo yakatsaurirwa kune scypion yaScypion. Iyo ine zvakare minamato uye mapisarema anopfidza.
Hupenyu Hwako
Rudo rwehupenyu hwese hwePetrarch raive Laura, hunhu hwacho hwange husiri hwakasimba. Mushure memusangano nemusangano uyu, mudetembi kwemakore matatu akapedzerwa mu avignon, vaitarisira kumubata mutarise mukereke. Muna 1330, mudetembi akatamira kuLubble, uye mushure memakore manomwe akatenga nzvimbo dzekuimba nekuimba nekushingairira. Sezvo anga agamuchira Satani San, Petrarch aisave nekodzero yekuroora, asi yakanga isina kubatana kwenyama yenyama nevamwe vakadzi. Nyaya yacho inotaura kuti Petrarch yaive nemwana maviri ekuwedzera.
Laura pachake, sezviri pachena, aive mukadzi akaroora, akavimbika kumukadzi wake naamai vevana gumi nerimwe. Nguva yekupedzisira nhetembo yakaona mudiwa munaGunyana 27, 1347, uye muna 1348 mukadzi akafa.
Chikonzero chaicho cherufu hachivikanwa, asi vezvemamwe nhoroondo vanotenda kuti inogona kunge iri denda, nekuda kwekuti chikamu chakakosha chevaivhu hwakaitika muna 1348. Mukuwedzera, Laura aigona kufa nekuda kwekuneta nekuda kwekugara achiwanzo genus, uye tuberculosis. Hazvizivikanwe kuti zvigaro zvacho zvacho zvakati nezvemanzwiro, uye ndizive aiziva nezvehupenyu hwake.
Pohotsoona kuti kana Laura akazova mukadzi wepamutemo Francesco, aisakwanisa kunyora vazhinji samnetariti samasi mukukudzwa kwake. Semuenzaniso, Byron, Kamzin, pamwe neiyo Soviet nhetembo Igor Guberman akataura nezveizvi. Mukufunga kwavo, iko kure kwemudiwa, kusakwanisa kuve nemurume wake anotenderwa Petrarca kuti anyore mabasa anosimudzira mabhuku ese epasi rese.
Rufu
Hupenyu hwePetrarrch, mabasa ake ekunyora akaongororwa neruzhinji, uye semhedzisiro, akagamuchira kukokwa kuConation yeLaurel Wreath yeNaples, Paris neRome panguva imwe chete). Mudetembi akasarudza Roma, kwaive neVidel wreath paCapitol muIsita 1341. Kusvika 1353, aigara mumimba yake mumupata, nguva nenguva achimusiya kuti afambe nemisangano yekufamba kana kuparidza.
Kusiya zvachose nzvimbo iyi pakutanga kwe1350s, Francesco akasarudza kugara muMilan, kunyangwe iye aipihwa kuti ashande kuDhona yeFlorence. Kumisikidza padare reVisconti, akatanga kuurayiwa kwemishonga yedhisheni.
Pashure pacho, mudetembi aida kudzokera kuVaiye Adavon, asi hukama hwakanyanya nemhuri dzeButsia dzine masimba dzimutsigira kuti azviite. Nekuda kweizvozvo, akatamira kuVenice uye akagara padyo nemhuri yemwanasikana wake asiri wepamutemo.
Asi pano Petrarka haana kugara kwenguva yakareba: Akafamba achigara aine maguta akasiyana siyana eItaly, uye mumwedzi ichangopfuura aive mumusha mudiki weAkava. Ikoko mudetembi akafa husiku kubva muna Chikunguru 18 kusvika muna Chikunguru 19, 1374, paakabuda musi wemakumi manomwe kuti ararame zuva rimwe chete. Nyaya yacho inotaura kuti Francesco akaenda kunyika imwe patafura, akagara pabasa pahupenyu hwaKesari nepeni muruoko rwake. Akavigwa kumakuva.
BHAIBHERI
- Bhuku reNziyo
- Kukunda
- Nezvekuzvidza nyika
- Bhuku Revarume Vakakurumbira
- Tsamba kuvazukuru
- Mavara pasina kero
- Bonolic nziyo
- Inodiwa Mapisarema