Biography
Yakakwira iyo jumper, iyo inorwadza hupenyu hweMambo weMoscow uye ese Russia anoonekwa neiyi chirevo cheRussia. Kuenda kwemusha uri nyore usiku usiku hwakava mudiwa wamambo, asi nekukurumidza wakakurumidza kurasikirwa nesana guru. Iro zita remubato rakabatana nechiitiko munhoroondo - kupatsanurana kwechikepe cheRussia Orthodox.
Munyika yeNizhy Novgorodhi yepasi, mumusha weVeldemanovo, musi waMay 17, 1605, chiitiko chinofadza chakaitika mumhuri ine mwero yakapfava: Mukomana akaberekerwa Nikita panguva yekubhabhatidza. Kubva kuBiography yevabereki vematare emangwana, Russia yose inozivikanwa zvishoma: Baba vemukomana mukomana Minin aive Marizari, uye amai vake vakafa pakubereka.
Nikita akarererwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akasimba, baba vake vaigara vasipo pamba, saka mwana akaramba achichengetwa nababa vokurera. Nenzira, mukadzi wechipiri wemugodhi aive akasimba uye asina kuomarara hunhu: Mukadzi akavenga mutungamiriri uye akarova mukomana wejira, dzimwe nguva achidzima chimedu chechingwa uye kuurayiwa kwegungwa. Baba vemhuri, avo vaigumbuka nekukasira kwemukadzi wechipiri kuenderana neMwanakomana wavo, kuti vadzokere kumba kunowanzoroora mumwe wake. Nekudaro, zvakange zvakakodzera kuti ubude kunze kwechikumbaridzo cheimba, kunyadziswa kusingaperi kwemukomana mudiki akaenderera mberi.
Nikita akatambura nemafungiro akanyanya evana vakabvuma, kuwana nyaradzo muMagwaro, pamwe nemukomana akasundira rudo rwaimbabvu. Musangano wechikuru weChechi aive mwana ane zvipo, uyo panzvimbo pemitambo mumhepo nyowani nevarume vakasarudza diploma.
Orthodoxy
Pakusiya kwemhuri yemutengesi paaive nemakore gumi nemaviri, mukomana akaenda kuZhoveDySky Makariyev Mamariyveni, iri kuruboshwe rwebhangi rehove, kwaaigara kusvika 1624. Asi pakuomerera kwehama dzakakamura jaya kubva kubasa nenzira yekunyepedzera, Nikita anomanikidzwa kudzokera kumusha kumusha wake, kwaakangofa kufa kwambuya vake vadinoda uye baba vake.
MuVeldemanhomo Nikon Maroora uye anotora San Ielie. Pakutanga, mupristi akabata nhau dzechechi dzemusha weLyskovo, asi mushure mehupamhi, hwakaiswa muchetura kune basa reMoscow, sezvo vatengesi veMutoro vakadzidza nezve kuumbwa nekuverenga kweSelyanin. Yakanga iri muguta guru reRussia iyo mafuro emhedzisiro yeramangwana reChechi yeOrthodox ichaitika.
Hupenyu hwemhuri Nikita uye vakaroora vanonetsa kufona vachifara: Vaviri vakatadza kutanga vazukuru, sezvo vana vachangozvarwa vakafa muzera remwana. Mupristi akaziva kurasikirwa kunosiririsa sechiratidzo chokupfuura, zvinoreva kubviswa muhupenyu hwenyika. Saka, muna 1635, Iaa yakakurudzira mukadzi womumwe munhu kuti ave mongano yeValkseevsky monastery.
Kusiya mari kune zvemukati memukadzi wake, iyo Minin Minin inotora chimiro muSudtack monastery uye anova nikon: Iyo arobot yekusaita eEreazari pachayo yakatanga tsika iyi. Zvichienderana nechitendero cheOrthodox, munhu akatora chinzvimbo kumamongi anofa nehupenyu hwaimbova hwenyika uye anotora rimwe zita, achiwana kutanga kutsva kwemweya.
Nikon Achibvambura Kubva Muhupenyu uye Bustle yeNikon Inotarisa Hupenyu Hwakasara, Pasina Kuneta, Anoverenga mabhuku matsvene uye anonyengetera, achipa kuda uye mweya mukunamatwa kwaMwari. Hupenyu mudura, riri pamabhangi eRungu, raisimba, runofonerwa rwacho rwaifanira kuverenga manyoro eBhaibheri husiku, kwete kusuka nemaziso anoneta. Chikafu chiri mukugadziriswa kwemamongi hazvina kusiyana zvakanyanya: Izvo zvinowanikwa zvakaiswa nemachira emakororo nemichero, uye hupfu hwaibayira zvakaberekerwa mazita.
Nekuda kwebasa rekunyepedzera uye kuverenga, Nikon anova munhu anofarira weReverend Anzersky, uyo mune ramangwana anopa manyoro kuti aitire manyorerye manyorerye kuzvimiririra, uye institution yaNicon yakavimbika.
Asi muna 1639, Inok Nikon uye mukuru Ereazari nezvekuvakwa kwechechi nyowani, saka, tateguru wenyu mune ramangwana rekuti, uyo asina kuwana rutsigiro rwehama, anofanira kutiza kubva pakugadziriswa kwemonkasita kwaakashanda kwenguva yakareba.
Mushure mekudzungaira, Nikon anowana nyaradzo mumudziyo weganda, uye mushure mekufa kwetemberi yetembere, igumen.
Muna 1646, mufundisi anodzokera kuguta reRussia kunotora mipiro yeMonastery uye maererano netsika yechiitiko chekare chinouya neChipfuva kuna Changamire Alexey Mikhail Movhailovich.
Nikon akarova mambo dzidzo uye kutaura kwakanaka. Nenzira, Alexey Mikhairlovich akafamba nemurume akazvipira uye chechitendero cheOrthodox uye chechi yaive isingadzoreki.
Pashure pokutaura nemupristi, muchinda akaziva kuti aida kuona munhu uyu muMoscow, saka iguman akashandurira muguta guru. Vamwe Vakomana havana kufarira kuronga kwakadaro kwamambo kuti munhu ari mukuru ari nyore, asi, zvakadaro, kusiya kwemhuri yemutauriri kunova mutsigiri weiyo nothodoin orrthodox monastery.
Kuva mubasa, Nikon anova nhengo ye "godo re" raiye, iro rakaumbwa pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 17.
Gare gare, muna 1649, Minin anova metropolitan yeiyo Novgorodhi Diocese uye nekushingairira kwakakosha anoita mabasa, achigadzira masevhisi emitemo yakasimbiswa.
Muna 1650, kusimuka kwakakurumbira kwakapfuura muVelky novgorodhi, chikonzero chekuti vagari vemo vakapinza mumitengo yechingwa. Vatori vechikamu vekupandukira kwaive nevanhu vemakirasi akasiyana-siyana, kubva kune vanopfura, kune varombo uye varwi: vanhu veRussia vakapokana naMambo. Asi nekuda kwenzvimbo ine simba yeMetropolitan Nikon, uyo akadzivirira zvido zveAlexei Mikhalovich uye mamwe shamwari, iyo Novgorod Bunk yakaora mwoyo.
Vatungamiriri vekumuka vaive vakamirira mutongo werufu, izvo zvakazochinja kusvika pakurohwa zvisina kufanira kwehwaro. Kugara kurangwa kwakaitika kuvonga kuitwe, izvo hazvina kuramba kusakendenga kuvanhu vepanyika: Nikon akashanyira nyonganiso yenyika yevasungwa, nokutiwo vamwe vagari vemo vakawana nyaradzo ye akasarudzwa metropolitan.
Tateguru
Nikon akazova anogamuchira utsvene hwake, akafa musi waApril 25, 1652 kusvika kune China chikuru. Anomhanya aida kuti Chechi Tate Sani kupa Muvambi wekufamba kwe "Jeques" Stefan, asi iye akaramba kutaurisa kwake, nekuti aisakwanisa kumira mumakwikwi emhuka yamambo.
Kune iyo yeRussia mamiriro muzana ramakore rechi 17, zita remubhisiti rakapa mupristi Chiremera: Mutongi wezvese zveRussia aigona kugadzirisa nyaya dzezvematongerwo enyika pamusoro pehusimbe, nekudzivisa kupokana, uye nekudzivirira mhosva uye kuranga vanhu Ndiani akaputsa mitemo yemweya. Muchokwadi, Alexey Mikhalovich akaita Nikon shamwari yake.
Munguva yekuvakwa kweHegumen muPatriarystsky San Nikon, Alexey Mikhailovich Akaita Vimbiso yekuti kana mamiriro ezvinhu angavhiringidza muChechi.
Shanduko uye kupatsanura chechi
Minin akaramba ari munhu anofarira uye akafarisisa nyaya, nekutenda kuMoscow tateguru muna 1654, kuwirirana kweRussia neUkraine, uye Nikon aifarira kuvaka uye kudzoreredzwa kwetembere.
Basa rekugadzirisa remuti weMoscoar yeMoscow neese Russia NIKON akasiya nzira yakanangana neChurch yeRussian Orthodox Church muna 1650-1660.
Chikonzero chekuparadzaniswa chakatanga kuoneka kubvira panguva yekuumbwa kwe "godo re" godo ". Vatori vechikamu muboka rechitendero vakakurukura nyaya yekubatanidzwa kwevafundisi uye vakada kufanana nekuverenga magwaro uye kuitisa tsika. Pano chete nezvekutorwa kweiyo yekutanga sampuli pane kusawirirana mune kusawirirana: Mumwe munhu aive akazvipira mutsika yeByzantine, apo vamwe vaivimba nemanyoro ekare eRussia.
Nekuuya kwemugodhi uri pamabatiro emuchadenga, denderedzwa revachiri kuyaruka dzakawa, asi vatendi vekare havana kuita zvezvematongerwo enyika zveNikon vakaramba vachipikisa shanduko yechitendero. Nikon anozivisa mitemo mitsva yemitemo muna 1653, iyo yakakonzera kupatsanurana pakati peshamwari dzevatongi nevatendi vekare.
Shanduko dzaNicon dzaive seinotevera:
- Mabhuku echechi akadhindwa uye akashandurwa zvichienderana neyechiGreek conons
- Chikwangwani chevhuviri chakasvitswa pamwe chete nerubhabhatidzo rweRussia chakatsiviwa nezvirevo zvitatu-chinangwa. Kune vateveri ve "Oldhodoxy", zvigunwe zviviri zvinoreva zviviri zvevakabatana naKristu zvakabatana, uye vatatu vakaratidza Utatu Hutsvene. Naizvozvo, zvaiita sezvakadaro, kuchinja kushoma pakubata kwaive kwakakosha kune vanhu vanonamata.
- Chinja kunyora zita raKristu: Izus akazova Jesu
- Utachiona hwePasi hwaishandurwa neBowl Bonds
- Izwi rekuti "Aliuya" rakatanga kududzira katatu kanokwana pane maviri, nezvimwe.
Vatendi vekare havana kugutsikana kwete chete nemitemo yechechi yechechi chete, asiwo nenzira dzakaoma dzakatungamirirwa nateguru Nikon, semuenzaniso, varimi veminwe miviri vakaziviswa vanyengeri uye vakasiyaniswa naAnatherema. Mudzivisi wekutanga akaendesa kupikiswa nezvokuchinja kutsva ndiko kuzivikanwa kwe "chitendero chekare" protopop avanvakum.
Alexey Mikhailovich anoremekedzwa Nikon uye akapa Minin yake zita re "Vely Soviet Fedorovich Fedoret akashandiswa Nikon Tit Chikonzero chekusawirirana chaive iyo Cathedral Code yakatorwa muna 1649. Iyi mamiriro emitemo yeHurumende yakaderedza mamiriro eChechi yeOrthodox uye yakaita kuti iite zvizere pane mamiriro.
Zvakare, ivo vacho vaisada nzira yeNikoni kuna mambo, vakarohwa nemutungamiriri westrigue, uye mhedzisiro haina kuzvigadzirira: makuhwa mumukodzi wakachinja maitiro eAlexey Mikhalovich Nemhaka yezviitiko zvakange zvakaputirwa nevafundisi, Nikon anomanikidzwa kusawirirana kuti abve kuMoscow.
Muna 1666, chivanze cheCathedral yeChechi yeRussia chakafunga kusabvisa Nikon kubva kuPatriarystsSky Sana ndokumutengesa kubva paupirisita kuti "anti-ndege".
Hupenyu Hwako
Munguva yehupenyu hwetateguru Nikon yaive yakadzidziswa uye kuverenga kuverenga kwakanyatsoshamiswa kusinganyatsoziva kweMagwaro Matsvene, asi nehungwaru hwezuva nezuva. Zvakaoma kutonga kuzivikanwa kwaNikoni, sevatendi vekare nevatsigiri vezvinangwa zvitsva zvacho zvinoratidza munhu uyu munzira dzakasiyana. Vamwe muhupenyu vanonyorerwa kuti Nikon ndiye akangwara eOrthodox, ane shanduko dzayo dzaibetsera; Vamwe vanotenda kuti Minin munhu ane simba, anokara uye ane hutsinye aive akagadzirira kuenda kune zvese kuti atore nzvimbo yemambo.
Vatongi pavakabvisa Nikoni kubva kuSana, bhodhi rakatungamira arch ye "mhosva" dzematare, uye ndizvo zvaive mumanyoro akadaro.
"Nikon pasina kufungisisa kwake pachavo pachavo basa rePleval Kolomna Sana, Ferephae, akarangwa uye akarwadziswa" uye murombo akafa: kana akavhiringidzwa na mhuka, kana dzakawira murwizi uye vakafa. "Nekudaro, hapana mumwe wevanyori venhoroondo anogona kutonga kuvimbika kweruzivo urwu.
Rufu
Chiitiko chekuenda kuCyril-Belozersky monastery, apo nheyo dzakagadzirwa zvakanaka, Nikon akazivisa hutano hwake.
New Russian Tsar Fealor Alekseevach anonzwira tsitsi, saka, zvinopesana nekuchiva kwechechi, akabvumira aimbove tateguru kuti adzokere kuimba yemumusoro. Mamongi akanyanya kurwara haana kugona nzira iri kure uye akafira paYaroslavl Pasi paAugust 17, 1681.