Biography
Nikolai Nekasov ndiye pregenitor yekufunga kutsva kwemanyorero, ayo akararama panguva iyoyo pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20 akabudirira kudzoreredzwa uye akagadziridzwa.
Nikolai Revolution's Revolution yaivapo mumativi maviri: Munyori akakanganisa mabasa enyaya, iyo metric (nhetembo, dzakapwanywa, nekutenda kwaari akagamuchira yakaipfuma trisenal ye matatu-mavara saizi).
Mabhuku eRussia weRussia, sehupenyu hweRussia hwemagariro, kusvika pakupera kwe60s akagadziriswa sechikamu cheDichotomy. Nekrasov mune yavo basa anodzura miganhu yekuziva, ichitsanangura vanhu kuti iwo mubvunzo mumwechete une zvikamu zvitatu zvekuona.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Nikolai Alekseevach nekrasov akaberekwa munaNovember 28, 1821 muPodolsk Province, apo Gungano reChirungu negumi nenhatu rakabatirwa baba vake saakaputeni.
Musoro weMhuri Alexey Sergeevich raive dhesvu, kudada nekwavo zvakanaka. Iyo AIVID BHAIBLER haina kufarira pasina mudeturu kana prose. Murume asina kunyorwa mupfungwa aingova akanaka pazvinhu zviviri - kuvhima uye bhuku rekuvhima. Pasinei nenyaya yekuti Alexey anga ari manyorero ezvekunzwisisa, yaive muraibhurari yababa, vechidiki nekrasov vakaverenga zvakarambidzwa panguva imwe chete. Pushkin "kusango".
Amai Elena Alekseevna ndiyo yaive chaiyo yakatarisana newawakaroorana naye. Nyoro nemweya mutete wemweya yemusangano nguva yese yeMusitis uye kuverenga. Munyika inokatyamadza yemabhuku, yakachengetedzwa kubva kune hutsinye zuva nezuva chaizvo. Pashure pacho, "mukadzi" anoyera "anoyera achapa muhuturu" Amai "uye" knight kweawa. "
Nekrasov anga asiri iye oga mwana. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ekupararira kwehutsinye hwaBaba vevarimi, idzo dzine simba dzeAlexei Sergeyevich nemakwenzi madzinza uye chimiro chine utsinye kune "utsinye", vamwe vana vari pedyo.
Muna 1832, Nekrasov akapinda yeYaroslavl Gyrnasium, kwaakange asvika giredhi rechi5. Baba vanogara vachida kuti mwanakomana aende kutsoka dzake uye akava mauto. Muna 1838, NiKolay ane makore 17 akaenda kuSt. Petersburg kuti azive zvekunakidzwa.
Muguta retsika, jaya rakasarudza muridzi wemunyika yake - Andrei Glushotsky, uyo akataura mudetembi nezve kuyaruka kweanodzidza mune yepamusoro yedzidzo institution. Kufuridzirwa naNakrasov, kupokana nemirairo yaBaba, inosarudza kupinda mudhiri reStrery of St. Petersburg University. Nekudaro, iyo inoda chinzvimbo muridzi wemugodhi wekupinda bvunzo uye anowana chimiro cheiyo kuhwina (1831-1841).
Kuva mudzidzi, Nikolai Nekrasov akatambura nechido chinotyisa. Kuruboshwe pasina rutsigiro rwekunyama, akarara husiku uye epasi, uye akaona chizere chidimbu chekudya muzviroto chete. Kunyimwa kunotyisa hakuna kungogadzirira munyori wenguva yemberi kuti ave mukuru, asi akaomesawo hunhu hwake.
Mabhuku
Kuunganidzwa kwekutanga kwenhetembo dzechidiki nekrasov ndiro "zviroto uye zvinonzwika". Iri bhuku rakagadzirirwa muna 1839, asi Nekrasov haana kukurumidza kuburitsa "pfungwa" yake. Munyori akapokana nehukuru hwekukura kwenhetembo dzake uye aitsvaga zano rakasimba.
Kuve nemaoko ekuverenga kuverenga, munyori wekutanga akabvunza muvambi werudo v.a. Zhuukovsky fungai naye. Vily Andreevich raimbopa zano rekurega kudhinda bhuku riri pasi pezita raKe, iro mabasa makuru achinyora mune ramangwana, uye izvi "zvisina basa" Nikolai Alekseevich achanyadziswa.
Semhedzisiro, muunganidzwa wakabudiswa pasi pePseudonominm n.n. Kuunganidzwa uku hakuna kubudirira mune veruzhinji, uye mushure mekutsoropodzwa kweVisirion Grigorievich Bellinsky mumagazini yeVanyori "zvinyorwa zvemuviri" zvakaparadzwa kubva kuNekrsov.
Pamwe chete neMunyori Ivan Ivanovich Panayev Panayev Panayev Panayev Panayev Panayev Panayev Panayev Panayev Panayev Panayev Panayev Panayev Panayev Panayev Panayev Panayev Panayev Panayev, mudetembi akarenda "artirary" munguva yechando ya 1846. Bhuku racho rakaburitswa vanyori veudiki uye vese vaivenga Serfom. MunaJanuary 1847, nyaya yekutanga ye "kurarama panguva yakawanikwa. Muna 1862, hurumende yakamisa basa remagazini isingadiwe nemisangano yepamusoro, uye muna 1866 yakamuvhara zvachose.
Muna 1868, Nikolai Alekseevich akatenga kodzero yekuti "zvinyorwa zvepamba." Ikoko, iyo yakasarudzika yakaburitswa ese makore akatevera hupenyu hupfupi.
Pakati pemabasa mazhinji emunyori, nhetembo "vakadzi veRussia" vainyanya kuratidzwa (1873), "chando, vana vetsvuku" (1861), "Volga" (1860) uye iyo Nhetembo "Grandframe Mazay naHares" (1870), "Pelaart naMarigolds" (1861), "ruzha rwegirini" (1862-1863 gore), "akavanda zvinotyisa" (1855).
Hupenyu Hwako
Kunyangwe iri rakabudirira zvinyorwa zvemari uye huwandu hwakajeka hweruzivo rwakapihwa nemunyori wemwedzi (anopfuura makumi mana akadhindwa mashizha ekugadzirisa) uye akagadziriswa, nekrasov aive munhu asina kunaka.
Kurwiswa kamwe kamwe kwekusakendenga, apo nhetembo yemavhiki haina kubata chero munhu, uye kuguta "makatuni ehondo" akaita gadziriro yehupenyu hwepedyo hazvigoneke.
Muna 1842, pamanheru emambure, Nikolai Alekseevach anosangana nemukadzi weMunyori Ivan Panayev - avdotaa. Mukadzi uyu aive akanaka ari oga, aive nepfungwa dzakanaka uye dzakatanhamara. Sezvinoshevedzera zvekunyora salon, aigara achi "akaunganidzwa" manhamba anozivikanwa (ChernysHevsky, Turnev, Belinsky).
Pasinei nenyaya yekuti Ivan Panayev yaive yechiitiko ichi, uye chero mukadzi angafara kubvisa murume, Nekrasov aifanira kuita nhamburiko yakakura, kuti awane nzvimbo yekunakidza mukadzi. Izvo zvinozivikanwa zvakavimbika kuti Feder Dostoevsky aive murudo nerunako, asi akatadza kuzadzisa kudzoreredzwa.
Pakutanga, mukadzi akatsamwisa akaramba kufambidzana kweane makore ane makore makumi maviri nematatu, ndosaka akapotsa achizviuraya. Asi panguva yerwendo rwechibatanidzwa kuenda kuKazan Province, Brunette Brunette uye munyori mutsva wetariro achiri kubvumidzwa kune mumwe nemumwe mumanzwiro. Pakudzoka kwake, vakatanga kurarama muchato wehurumende mufurati hwePanayev kuti murume ave vaviri nemurume wepamutemo waAvdoti.
Mubatanidzwa wevatatu wakavapo kwemakore gumi nematanhatu. Kuita uku kwese kwakakonzera kusungwa kubva kuruzhinji - nezvaNekrasov vakataura kuti anogara mumba mevatorwa, anoda mukadzi womumwe munhu uye zvakare anodzungudza mamiriro egodo kumurume wepamutemo.
Kunyangwe kusanzwisisana uye kusanzwisisana, nekrasov uye panov vaifara. MuTandem, vanhu vanodiwa vanonyora nhetembo kutenderera, vachimudaidza kuti "panovatsky". Zvinhu zvepakati uye dialogue nemoyo, zvino kana nechikonzero, zvinopesana nedambudziko iri muunganidzwa uyu ne "Denisyevsky kutenderera" kweFyodor Tyutchev.
Zvakare muCo-kunyorwa kweNekrsov uye Stansov uye Stanitsky (iyo pseudominm yeVdoti yako yako
Muna 1849, mudetembi akakurumbira we Musa wakabereka mwanakomana wake. Nekudaro, "mugari wemugari wematarenda" akanyorwa maawa mashoma chete. Mushure memakore matanhatu, mukadzi zvakare anozvara kubereka mwenje wemukomana. Mwana aive asina kusimba uye mushure memwedzi mina afa. Pane ivhu rekutadza kuve nevana mune maviri nekrasov uye panoyeva tanga kukakavara. Vaviri ava vanowirirana vanogona kunge vasingachawana "pfungwa dzakajairika dzekutaurirana".
Muna 1862, murume wepamutemo waAvdoti - Ivan Panayev anofa. Nenguva isipi mukadzi anoziva kuti Nikolai Alekseevich - Gamba haisiyo bhuku rake, uye rinosiya mudetembi. Zvinozivikanwa zvakavimbika kuti munyori wacho achataura nezve "rudo rwehupenyu hwake."
Mune imwe nyika yekune dzimwe nyika muna 1864, Nekrasov akararama mumatidzirwo nevamwe vake - Sista Native Anna Aleksevna uye FrenchWoman Selina Lefrenburg muna 1863.
Selina aive mutambi wechiFrench troupe, uyo akapedza muMikhalovsky Theatre, uye nekuda kwekureva kwake nyore, zvisiri izvo hazvina kuoneka hukama nehetembi. Muchirimo che 1866, lefren akapedza muKarabikwa, uye muchirimo cha 1867 vakaenda zvakare kunze kwenyika nekrasov. Nekudaro, panguva ino runako rwematombo kuRussia harichadzoserwa. Izvo hazvina kukanganisa hukama hwavo - muna 1869, vaviri vakasangana muParis uye vakabata iyo Nyamavhuvhu negungwa muDippe. Mukuda kuzviuraya, munyori akataura nezvazvo.
Muzera ramakore 48 eKrasov vakasangana neine mhaka yemakore gumi nematanhatu-ane makore gumi nematanhatu Fekla aumla anisimovna victorova. Uye kunyangwe mukadzi aive asina kudzidza kunze kwedata rekunze uye aive aine mwero zvakanyanya, zvinyorwa zvezwi rekunyora iye akabva angoda. For fekla, mudetembi akazova murume weupenyu hwake hwese. Haana kungovhura mukadzi paucheche hwerudo, asiwo akaratidzawo nyika.
Makore mashanu anofara aigara pamwe chete nekrasov uye shamwari yake yechidiki. Nyaya yavo yerudo yakayeuchidza chiitiko chekutamba kweBernard Shaw "Pigmarion". Zvidzidzo zveFrench, Russian Grammar, Vocals uye mutambo piyano remukuru wezvemunyori zvekuti panzvimbo pezita rakajairika, mudetembi akatanga kumutsa Zinalaevna, achipa zita repakati kubva kwaari .
Mudetembi akasangana nekunzwa tsitsi kwazvo kuti afadze, asi muhupenyu hwake hwese, paupamhi hweFrench French Selina Lefren, uyo waakange ane rudo, uye pamwe neVaTourer Yakovlevna.
Rufu
Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwemunyori mukuru akazadzwa negono. "Tiketi imwe-nzira" yevateresi yakawana kunyange kutanga kwa 1875, paairwara zvakanyanya.
Iyo Classic haina kunyanya kutarisira hutano hwake akabvunza chiremba chete muna Zvita munaDecember 1876 mushure mekunge bhizinesi rake rikava mutete. Kuongorora kwakaitwa purofesa nikolay sklifiosovsky uyo akashanda ipapo pakurapa uye kuvhiya academy. Nekudzidza kwemunwe weiyo rectum, yakanyatsotsanangura neoplasm ine apuro. Pamutsundo, chiremba wekuvhiya ekurapa akabva angoudza zvese nekrasov uye vabatsiri kuti vakwanise kumuzora kuti zviite zvinotevera.
Kunyangwe Nikolai Alekseevach akanzwisisa kuti airwara zvakanyanya, munguva pfupi yapfuura akaramba kuwedzera dosi reOpium. Munyori weMelanoe akatya kurasikirwa nekuve mutoro kumhuri. Zvinozivikanwa zvikuru kuti mumazuva ekuregererwa kweNekasov akaramba achinyora nhetembo uye apedza chikamu chechina chenhezi "anogara zvakanaka muRussia." PaInternet uye nanhasi, iwe unogona kuwana mapikicha ipo "yakaitwa nechirwere" chakarara pamubhedha pamwe nepepa uye uchiratidzika kuva kure.
Kurapa kwacho kwaishandiswa kurasikirwa nekubudirira, uye muna 1877 nhetembo yedetembi yakakumbira kubatsirwa kubva kuWeigue E.i. Bogdanovsky. Hanzvadzi yemunyori, uyo anokurudzira kupindira kwekuvhiya, akanyora tsamba kuVienna. Mukati maro, mukadzi akabvunza akabvunza mabvundu akakurumbira weiyoodore Bilrot kuti auye kuna Petersburg uye anoshanda hama inopisa. Kubvumbi 5 kwakauya mvumo. Zvekushanda, shamwari yepedyo yeJohann brahms yakakumbira zviuru gumi zvemazana matatu ePrussian Brands. Kugadzirira Kusvika Kwekuvharira, N.a. Nekrasov akatora huwandu hunodiwa kubva kuhama Feder.
Kupinda vanachiremba vaifanira kubvumirana nechisarudzo chakaitwa uye kutarisira kusvika kune wandinoshanda naye. Muzvinafundo T. Billrot akasvika muSt. Petersburg musi waApril 11, 1877. Iyo Luminaire yemishonga yakabva yaverengerwa nenhoroondo yechirwere chechirwere. Musi waApril 12, Theodore akaongorora Nekrasov uye akagadza kuvhiyiwa kwemanheru ezuva rimwe chete. Tariro dzemhuri neshamwari dzaisaruramiswa: Iko kushanda kunorwadza hakuna kutungamira kune chero chinhu.
Nhau nezvechirwere chinouraya chehetembo mukupenya kweanobata ziso munyika. Vanhu vanobva kuEntia yose vakatumira Nikolai Alekseevich mavara uye terefoni. Pasinei nekutambudzwa kwakatyisa, iwo mavara ane ruzivo akaenderana nekuenderana nevagari vanonamira zvakanyanya kusvika pakuremara mitezo yemitezo.
Mubhuku rinonzi "Nziyo Dzazvino" dzakanyorwa panguva ino, nhamba yemanyorero inopfupikiswa, ichitisa chimiro chisingaonekwi pakati pehupenyu uye kugona. Mabasa akapinda muunganidzwa - kureurura kwemanyorero wemunhu anofanotaura ambulensi inopera.
MunaDecember, mamiriro ezvinyorwa zvakashata zvakanyanya: pamwe nekusimbisa kushaya simba kwakawanda uye escrow, kwaigara uchirwadziwa munzvimbo ine simba, kuchena, kuzvimba kwemakumbo uye kuzvimba pamakumbo. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, pfuti yakasviba yakatanga kusiyaniswa kubva kuRetum.
Rufu rweNekrasov risati rwafa rweNakrasov risati rasarudza, vakasarudza kunyoresa hukama naZinaida. Murwere akange asina simba rekuenda kuchechi, uye muchato wakaitika pamba. Zvita 14, cherechedza murwere n.a. Belogoloval akatsunga kuoma mutezo yehafu yeiyo yemuviri uye yakanyeverwa hama kuti zuva rega rega nyika yaizonyanya kuderera.
Musi waDecember 26, Nikolai Alekseeviching Akadaidza mukadzi wake, hanzvadzi uye mukoti. Akati kune mumwe nemumwe wavo asina kumbofungidzirwa kuti "farai." Munguva pfupi kuziva kuziva kwacho kwakamusiya, uye manheru aDecember 27 (Ndira 8, 1878, maererano nechimiro chitsva), vabati vanozivikanwa vakafa.
Musi waDecember makumi matatu, kunyangwe chando chakasimba, chaunga chetetembi "mune yekupedzisira rega" kubva kuimba yechikepe pane nzvimbo yekunyepedzera kusingaperi - iyo makuva eiyo novderevichy monastery.
Mukutaura kwekutenda, dostoevsky kukudzwa nekrasev kunzvimbo yechitatu muRussia nhetembo mushure mekusundira uye lermontov. Boka revanhu rakakanganisa munyori nekupururudza "hongu pamusoro, pamusoro puskkin!"
Nokukurumidza mushure memafaro zinaida nikolaevna akatendeukira kumatirongo emamongi ane chikumbiro chekutengesa nzvimbo yake padyo neGuva Remurume Wemunguva Yemangwana.
BHAIBHERI
- "Mutambi" (Pese, 1841)
- "Kudzoreredzwa" (Chikamu, 1859)
- "Officer" (Chikamu, 1844)
- "Foolcist Onufrich Bob, kana murume wake haasi wenlate" (Tamba, 1841)
- "Vechidiki Lomonosov" (Inoshamisa Kufungidzira mumavhesi echiitiko chimwe neEpilogue, 1840)
- "Vakrerekeri" (nhetembo, 1875)
- "Kunyarara" (nhetembo, 1857)
- "Sekuru" (nhetembo, 1870)
- "Cabinet of wax nhamba" (nhetembo, 1956)
- "Ndiani anorarama zvakanaka muRussia" (nhetembo, 1863-1876)
- "Colobeinists" (nhetembo, 1861)
- "Nguva pfupi yapfuura" (nhetembo, 1871)