Biography
Kufananidza iyo yekugadzira mabhegi eMikhail lermontov aine makore mazhinji akararama, zvinova pachena kuti isu tiri mahungwaru. Muna 10, akanyora kutamba kwemitambo yemitambo yeimba, muChirungu chechiGerman, chechiRungu, muChirungu zvakanyatsoita basa renhetembo "Akanyorera yekutanga yehurumende" dhimoni ", mumakumi maviri - mutambo Muna 24 - Gamba reRoma " Uye na 26, Lermontov haana.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Mikhail Yyervich Lermontov pana Gumiguru 15, 1814 muMoscow. Ambuya vedetemberi Erizabheti Alekseevna Arsenyev murume anokudzwa kubva kumhuri inobereka yakanaka ye stolypin. Gurishuisisa Peter Stolypin Akaunti yetemberi yehama yechipiri.
Akapusa uye akapfuma Erizabheti Arsenyev aisada iye oga mwanasikana wekuroora neYuri Lermontov, ane mauto akanaka kubva murunyararo. Akabva kuna iye akasvinuka kubva kuScots Gorg Lermont haana kukurudzira chivimbo chake. Gare gare, iyo British Kambani Oxford Madzitateguru Ari Kutora Kinjini yetemberi naLeermonta nerubatsiro rweDNA Vacherechedzo, vachisimbisa kusava nechokwadi kweArsenyeva.
Sezvo mukadzi akafanotaurwa, hupenyu hwemuroora wemasha, "iro" rakabatana "rakaroora kuDolokut Yuri Lermontov mumakore gumi nematanhatu, aisazofadza. Murume wangu akatanga kuchinja murume wechidiki haanyatsombotangira mushure memuchato. Akatanga bhuku nemuromo weGerman wemwanakomana waMisha, akagadzira kuseri kwechivanze chivanze. Zvino mukadzi paakazvidza mumwe wake pakusvikira pakupera simba, akawana punch pamberi pake. Maria ane makore 21 arsenieva-Lermontova anopera kubva kune vatengi vemotokari, achisiya mwaka wemakore maviri-makore misha.
Erizabheti Alikseevna, uyo panguva yemwanasikana wake aive nemakore makumi mana nemasere, akabvisa muzukuru wemukwasha, achipwanya Lermonv brig pamazana maviri emazana. Yuri yakaenda kubva kuGeneric Estate yeStolypin, uye ambuya vakatanga kurerwa kweMisha. Mukadzi akashambidza muzukuru wake uye haana kuzvidemba mari yedzidzo yake uye hutano. Mikhail Lermontov akasimuka, mukomana anorwadza goridhe mukomana, uye ambuya vakahaya muzukuru weFrance Dr. Anselma Revhi.
Baba vamwene vane simba pane dzimwe nguva vaibvumidzwa kusangana nemwanakomana wavo, kubva pane zvese zvakatambura.
"Ndakava pwanya kuti kuseka," Mikhail Lermontov yakagunun'una gare gare.Makore evechidiki uye vechidiki zveramangwana, zvinyorwa zvekirasi zvakaitika munzvimbo yeTarkhanns muPenza Province. Erizabheti Alikseevna akahaya vadzidzisi vedzidzo yake. Aimbova aichimbova mukuru wemauto, iyo Frenchman Cape akadzidzisa mukomana French. Mushure mekufa kwemudzidzisi, nzvimbo yake yakabvumirwa neAgigrant Shendro, uyo Mikhail Lermontov akazotsanangurwa muPhem "Sasha", achidana iyo Marquis de tess uye "Paris Adonis". Muchirungu wamhepo, uyo akaunza murume wechidiki aine mabhuku eChirungu, akauya kuzoshandura Shandro. Kuda basa reBrona kubva kuLermontov kubva kuBritish Mudzidzisi.
Mikhail Lermontov akawedzera, achiona zuva rekuzvarwa kwehupenyu hwemusha, achiteerera kune varatari uye ngano pamusoro peshure reStepan Razin uye Emelyan Pugachev.
Maka yakadzika muhupenyu uye yekugadzira biography yeMikhail leermontov akasiya rwendo neambuya muCaucasus. MuGoryacheVodsk, mukomana ane makore gumi okukura akawira murudo uye mushure memakore maviri aishandisa yekutanga musana wake wenhetembo "kuna manyorerwo".
Nhetembo
MunaSeptember 1828, Mikhail Lermontov akanyoreswa mugwaro rechina reMetropolitan University Housing House. MunaDecember, mukomana akatamiswa kusvika pagiredhi rechishanu, achipa mufananidzo uye bhuku repasi rose. Gore rino rakakosha nekuti Lermontov akaverenga kubva kwaari kutanga kwekugadzira.
Mumba yevaenzi, achiri kuyaruka akatorwa kuti agadzire magazini emvura. Mune mumwe wavo, anonzi "mangwanani Zareya", mudetembi mudiki akazova mushandi mukuru uye akaisa nhetembo yekutanga "Indiana". Asi makore maviri mushure mekutendeuka kweiyo Geesthouse kuenda kuimba yekutandarira, Misha akasiya zvidzidzo zvake.
Mikhail-makore gumi nematanhatu-mikhail learmontov akapedza mumapeji, mune estate yeStolypini Serelynikovo. Hama dzeVereshcha Live pedyo. NaAlexandra Vereshchagina lermontov aive shamwari. Musikana akaunza Mikhail neshamwari yake, "Runako Runako" Shushine Shushkova, umo jaya rakadanana nerudo. Manzwiro ehama mudiki akasiyiwa asina kupindurwa, akatambura kusingaperi. Katya akashongedzwa norudo, akasvinura uye mukomana anonzi. Gare gare Shushikova achanzwisisa kuti akaita chikanganiso chinouraya, achiseka majaya asina kunaka.
Mukudonha kwe 1830, Mikhail Lermontov yakapinda Moscow University nekusarudza department rezvematongerwo enyika uye rezvematongerwo enyika. Makore maviri akadzidza pamwe chete naVisisarion Belinsky, Alexander Herzen naNikolai Ogarev. Mumakore emudzidzi, Lermontov akanyora mutambo uyu "murume asingazivikanwe", umo SEFFommunziurwa Serfomi ripiwe. Mikhail airatidza kutsamwa uye asingagamuchiriki, nekuti izvo vadzidzisi vairidzwa pabvunzo: jaya "rakatanga" bvunzo.
Kugara kwegore rechipiri leermontov akaramba uye akasiya yunivhesiti, akatamira naambuya vake kuti St. Petersburg. Kuedza kupinda kosi yechipiri hakuna kushorwa nebudiriro: Mikhail yakapihwa kutanga kubva kune yekutanga. Pane kuraira kweshamwari naambuya vakapinda muchikoro chevarindi vanotsigira uye vatengesi vegwenzi, kwaakadzidza kwemakore maviri, kwaakavadana "zvinotyisa" nekuda kwemauto muMarshra.
MuSt. Fustery uye Sullen Mikhail Lermontov Sportformed: Jaya rakava mweya wekambani, kuchimana uye akatsvaga kunaka kwake kunopenga. Pfungwa dzakapinza, kugadzirira, sarcasm yejaya rakapembererwa shamwari uye vakadzi vakuru.
Muna 1835, mabasa enhetembo anotanga kuoneka mumuchina. Comrade leermontov pasina ruzivo rwake rwakapiwa kune stamp nyaya "Haji abrek."
Kubva pahafu yechipiri yemakumi matatu, mikhail lermontov phepfenyura nemwoyo wose. Vatsoropodzi uye vaverengi vanogamuchira zvine hushamwari nhetembo "rwiyo nezveTsar Ivan Vasilvilevich ...". Munhetembo "Dagger" ("shamwari yangu yesimbi"), "mudetembi" uye "Duma" Lermontov akazivisa izvo zviziviso zvehurumende dzeruzhinji. Ruvengo rwevanhu, hunhu hweRussia hwakadzingwa munhetembo dzeBorodino nevarume.
Muenzaniso wakajeka wokudanana unonzi "saiti" vhesi, rakatanga kudhindwa mu "zvinyorwa zvomumba". Kuverenga mitsara, gust yepfungwa dzedeteni rine makore gumi nemasere rave kunzwisiswa.
Mumakore ehupenyu hwake muSt. Petersburg, Mikhail Lermontov Anotarisa Njiva dzeArrama "Mazquerade yeTramaChide" masquerade yakadzoreredzwa, asi haina kupindurwa nemudetembi.
Kupwanya kubva pakutanga kusvika pakukura kwekusunga kwakadaro kwakaitika muna 1837, mushure mekuburitswa kwemhinduro yekutsamwa kurufu rwaAlexander puskin. Nhetembo "Rufu rwetauro", uyo akashora mhondi uye courtie kuti azive, anonzi Lermonv Pfungwa dzeDambudziko, Verenga zvese Russia. Shamwari dzeSpankin uye mafani eTarenda rake akasangana nenhepfenuru achiyemura, uye vavengi, kusanganisira vakadzi venyika, avo vaive padivi pesimba rakanaka, nehasha.
Sezvo akadzidza nezve maitiro asina kunaka epasi, Mikhail Lermontov akawedzera kupinza. Nhetembo yekutanga yakapera netambo: "Uye pamuromo wekudhinda wake." Kuenderera mberi kwacho kwaive kwakaoma "zvizvarwa zvinozvikudza": mundima yavakaona kukwirira kuchinjiro.
Zvinongedzo
Mushure mekuonekwa kwendoro, miti yedare yakatevera uye kusungwa. Emperor Nicholas akatanga kuchengeta kumashure maitiro. Ambuya Lermontov neshamwari dzePushkin, kusanganisira Vasily Andreevsky, vakaedza kupfava mari yeMikhail lermontov. Iyo buntar yakatumirwa kuCaucasus link, Ensign kune iyo Drago Nyanzvi.
Chekutanga chinongedzo chemwedzi mitanhatu, asi zvakachinja zvakanyanya leermontov. Mhando yakanaka yeCaucasus, hupenyu hwemakomo, iwo emuno folklore airatidzwa mumabasa e "nguva yeCaucasian". Asi hujaya hwetembi hwakanyungudika, rakatsiviwa ne "dema melancholy."
Mushure mekudzokera kuSt. Petersburg Pamusoro Chiedza, Mikhail Lermontov ari pakati pekutarisirwa: vanoyemura vamwe uye vanovenga vamwe. Caucasus akafuridzira mudetembi kuti vanyore nhetembo uye vakatanga muMoscow: "Dhimoni" uye "mtsir" yakaonekwa, imwe nyaya.
Mushure meiyo link, Mikhail Lermontov yakaunza mabasa matsva kuSt. Petersburg, inodhindwa mumagazini imwe neimwe ye "Zvinyorwa Zvemukati". Mikhail Yyervich yakapinda denderedzwa reshamwari dzepedyo pushkin uye riri pahukuru hwekurumbira. Achiri kupfava uye sarcastic. Kupokana nemwanakomana wemumiriri wechiFrench Atneste de Blantom munaFebruary 1840 yakapera muDuel. Lermontov uye de Barantya yakabvumirana parwizi dema, kwete kure nenzvimbo yeDuel pushkin nemadhawa. Ernest de Barth yakarasikirwa, uye Mikhail Lermontov akapfurwa parutivi.
Nezve Duel yakaziva maboss, mudetembi akasungwa ndokuenda kuDare reMauto. Mamambo akarairwa kutumira Deuel muCaucasus kechipiri, asi zvino kufambidzana nehondo vairwira pamutsetse wekumberi. Lermontov akazvipira iye, achiratidza ushingi, asi nekurongeka kwaNicholas haana kugamuchira mibairo yekutanga.
Imwe yenhetembo dzekupedzisira dzedetemberi ndeye "Ini ndinobuda nenzira imwe" - yakaratidza pakupera kwaMay 1841. Vatsoropodzi vakaona mairi "mugumo wezuva rekuda", mikhail lermontov akakurumidza pakati nepakati pekungopera nzira yepasi pano. Mavhiki mashoma kusati kwamuka, mudetembi akanyorera vhesi "Dombo" rakadhindwa makore maviri mushure mekufa kwake.
Dzidziso
MuSt. Petersburg, mumashure pakati peMuster, Mikhail Lermontov akaumbwa naRoman vadim, iyo yakarondedzera zviitiko zvePugachev kusimuka.
Asi Apoheoosis yeLeermontov Realism ndiyo bhuku racho "gamba redu", rakanyorwa muna 1840, nguva pfupi asati afa. Mufananidzo wePechorina unoratidzwa pane kusarudzika kwehupenyu hweRusika hweRussia. Kupesana pakati pevakadzika kwechimiro chePerorin uye kusabereka kwezviito kune autobiographical. Chinhu chinyowani chebhuku rakazvimisikidza psychologist uye kuburitswa kwehupenyu hwepfungwa hwemagamba, izvo pasina munhu kubva kune vanyori veRussia havana kuita.
Nikolai Gogol, Shumba Tolstoy naAnton Chekhovov vakayemurwa Roman.
Hupenyu Hwako
Mikhail Lermontov akanyora:
"Ini ndaida katatu - katatu ndisina tariro."Mudetembi, zvichienderana nerondedzero yevakadzi vemazuva ano, havana kusiyana nerunako. Mulgery, mambo wechi mambo, kutarisa kwemeso mutema kwakasviba, kunyemwerera hakuna kufanira, jaya rekutya, rakafanana nemwana wakapambwa uye wakashata.
Vatatu Mukuru rudo Lermontov vakaroora: Mikariil yakadonha mugumi nematanhatu, Natalia Ivanova, uyo akazvipira kuIvanovsky kutenderera, Barbara Lopukhin, iyo iyo mugumo waaida kusvika kumagumo ehupenyu hwake.
Shushikova Mikhail Lermontov utsvally kutsiva makore mashanu gare gare. Akadzidza kuti musikana wacho waizoroora, akatsamwisa muchato, achiridza chido uye achishamisika kuKatherine. Mwenga akakanganisika mumaziso echiedza kwenguva yakareba. Nhoroondo yehukama hunorwadza inoyeuchidza rudo rwendo rwehurumende "gamba renguva yedu".
Nhau dzewanano Varkiki lopukhina mudetembi akagamuchira zvinorwadza. Varuvaakaroora, leermontov haana kuzombomudaidza nemuranda wemurume wake - Bakhmeva: Mudiwa akaramba ari pane loopcha kwaari.
Rufu
Nguva yechando 1840-41 yaive yekupedzisira kune leermontov. Akauya kuzororo kuenda kuSt. Petersburg, achirota nezve kusiya basa uye kuverenga basa. Ambuya, avo vairota basa rehondo vaambuya vake uye vasina kuparadzaniswa nemabhuku, vakafa Mikhail kuti aendese kusiya basa. MuCaucasus Lermontov akadzoka nemoyo unonetsekana.
MuPyatigorsk pakanga paine dombo kupokana naMikhail Lermontov aine major's retired martynov, akasangana kuMoscow uye akatoshanyira vabereki vake. Gare gare, Martynov akataura kuti Lermontov haana kupotsa chero kesi muPyatigorsk kuti asunungure knight mukero yake.
Duel akaitika musi waChikunguru 27, 1841. Vapikisi vakabvuma kupfura "mhedzisiro isati yasvika." Mikhail Lermontov akapfura, uye Martynov - kune kusimbiswa, muchipfuva chevavengi, kumuuraya. Kutinhira kwakaputswa uye mvura yekudurura yakadzivirira kusvika kwachiremba, uye nhetembo yakafa yakarara kwenguva yakareba.
Pamariro erimmontov, zvinopesana nematambudziko eshamwari, pakanga pasina tsika yechechi. MuSt. Petersburg, nhau nezverufu rwedetembi yakasangana nemazwi anoti: "Kune nzira kwaari." Sekureva kweiyo memoirs yePavel Vyazemsky, mambo akadonhedza achiti: "Imbwa iri rufu rufu," asi mushure mekunge mambakwengo mukuru. "
Lermontov akavigwa musi waChikunguru 29, 1841 pane yekare makuva ePyatigirorsk. Asi mushure memazuva 250, Sekuru Mikhail yurevich akakunda mvumo yehumambo nezvekutakura kwemuviri kuenda kuTarkhans.
MunaApril 1842, muviri mukobhu unotungamira wakapiswa mumhuri muchipatipa, padivi pasekuru vake naamai vake.
Ndangariro
Lermontov mabhuku akaiswa pasi pevakawanda. Yokupedzisira muna 2014: Inoshanda Inoshanda muzviverengero zvina zvakadhindwa neiyo "Pushkin imba inoburitsa imba" muhuwandu hwemakopi mazana matatu.
Izita raMikhail yurevich mumigwagwa yakasvibirira, materu, maraibhurari muRussia uye post-soviet zvirevo. MuOdessa, zita renzvimbo inonzi raibhurari yeguta №16 neClinical sanatorium.
Diki Planeti Panguva Dzinodzidzisa 2222, Vhura munaKurume 1981, anonzi Lermontov.
Iyo mkment kuna Mikhail yurevich Lervich Lervmontov yakaiswa muGrozny pane Avenue Mohammed Ali, padivi peM. Yu. Lermontov's Dirdvater. Pamutsetse wedetestria wedetembi:
"Rwiyo rwunotapira rwakakanganiswa newangu, ndinoda Caucasus!".BHAIBHERI
- "Haji abrek"
- "Daemon"
- "MTSyry"
- "Borodino"
- "Rwiyo Pamusoro paTsar Ivan VanilDevich"
- "Kufunga"
- Bale
- "Faralist"
- Taman
- "Sail"
- "Izmail Bay"
- "Rufu rweHorofu"
- "Gamba Rino Nguva Yedu"