Biography
Nicholas i - All Emperor, King Polish naGrand Prince Finland, yechishanu autocts kubva kuRomanov Dynasty. Iye mutsivi weAlexander I, akatungamira Alexander II.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Mangwana Emperor akaberekwa musi waChikunguru 6 (June 25 muhunyanzvi.) 1796 mumusha wamambo. Nikolai akava mwanakomana wechitatu wamambo Paul ini naAmai Mary Fedorovna. Kubva ndichiri mudiki, mukomana aiita nechido mumitambo yemauto. Pazera regore regore, iro renzvimbo yakagamuchirwa, uye mumakore matatu mwana akapiwa munundi weLob Ravarindi Regined, sezvo ramangwana remwana rakafanorongerwa kubva pakuzvarwa. Zvinoenderana netsika yemukuru mukuru, asiri mugari wenhaka wechigaro, akagadzirira basa remauto.
Kusvikira makore mana, kurerwa kweNikolai kwaive kupihwa nedare reDare. Dzidzo Imba Nikolai nemunun'una wake Mikhail yaive yekufunda Economics, nhoroondo, Geography, Jurispridence, engineering uye masimba. Kutarisirwa kwakawanda kwakabhadharwa kumimwe mitauro yekune dzimwe nyika: French, chiGerman nechiLatin.
Kana hurukuro nemakirasi pane zvesainzi zvevafundisi zvesainzi zvakapihwa Nikolai nekunetseka, saka zvese izvo zvine chekuita nemauto euto neinjiniya, zvakakwezva kutarisisa kwake. Ramangwana ramangwana riri muhudiki hwake rakabata mutambo wembira uye wakatora zvidzidzo. Kuziva neAut Art inobvumidzwa Nikolai Pavlovich yakazotevera kuti upiwe neConoisseur yeiyo opera uye ballet.
Kubva 1817, Grand Duke yakatanga chikamu cheinjiniya yemauto eRussia. Pasi pehutungamiriri hwake, masangano edzidzo akagadzirwa mukambani, mabhatani. Muna 1819, Nikolay akasimudzira kuvhurwa kwechikoro chechikuru cheinjiniya uye chikoro chevarindi vevarindi.
Muuto remunun'una waAmperor naAlexander ini, vakaisawo hunhu hwakadai sekuti hwakanyanya kufanana, hwechinzvimbo chekupikisa nekuoma. Grand Duke aive munhu akagadzirirwa kuenderera mberi nekuisa mitemo, asi panguva imwecheteyo aigona kuramba pasina chikonzero.
Muna 1820, kukurukura kweMukuru Hama Alexander naNikolai, panguva yechigaro choumambo cheKonsternin chakaramba zvisungo, uye kodzero yekutonga yakaendeswa kuna Nikolai. Nhau dzejaya dzakarova nhau idzi: Kunyange mutsika kana nyuchi kana nehungwaru hwaive husina kugadzirira manejimendi anogona kuitika weRussia.
Pasinei nezviratidziro, Alexander mumifananidzo akataura mutsivi kuna Nicholas uye akarangwa mumapepa emapepa chete mushure mekufa kwake. Mushure meizvozvo, kwemakore matanhatu, hupenyu hwemakore ekurarama hukuru hauna kusiyana nekupedzisira kubva kune chimwe chete: Nikolai aitoita zvechiuto, akatakura masangano ehondo.
Bhodhi uye kumutswa kwevawuno
Zvita 1 (Mbudzi 19 pasi pehunyanzvi. Art.) 1825, Alexander Ini ndakangofa ndakafa. Emperor aive panguva iyoyo ari kure neguta guru reRussia, saka nhau dzekusuwa dzeumambo hwehumambo hwakawana vhiki gare gare. Nekuda kwekusahadzika kwake, Nikolai vakatanga Konstantin ini pakati pedare nemauto. Asi kanzuru yeHurumende yakaburitswa nemunguva yehumambo, zvichiratidza mugari wenhaka kuna Nikolai Pavlovich.
Mutungamiriri mukuru aive achiri kufananidzira musarudzo yekusapinda munzvimbo inokosha uye akakotamisa kanzuru, Seneti uye Synod kumhiko yemukoma. Asi Konstantin, aive muPoland, anga asiri kuuya kuSt. Petersburg. Nicho-makore 29 Nicholas haina kana chero chinhu, sezvakabvumirana nechido cheAlexander I. Zuva reRenzhayagi pamberi pemauto pane Senate Square yakarongwa muna Zvita 26 (Zvita 14 mu art).
Pamwedzi akafuridzirwa nemazano emahara nezvekunyudzwa kwesimba rehumambo uye kusikwa kwechivako muRussia, vatori vechikamu muRuponeso "kufamba kwakafunga kushandisa mukana wezvematongerwo enyika uye kushandura nzira yenhoroondo . Sekureva kwekufungidzira kwenyika yose, maererano nevanoronga kupandukira kwaS. Trubetsky, Vaultab, P. Murombo, aifanirwa kusarudza imwe yemhando mbiri dzehurumende: iro bumbiro remutemo kana Republic.
Asi chirongwa chevashanduka chakundikana, sezvo uto harisina kuenderera parutivi, uye kusimuka kwevanorwiswa kwakadzvanywa nekukurumidza. Mushure mekutongwa, varongi vashanu vakasungirirwa, uye vatori vechikamu uye vanonzwira tsitsi vakatumirwa kuzoshumwa. Kuurayiwa kweDhirecrist K. F. Ryleyev, P. I. PERTEL, P. G. G. P. Levenumin, Ry. Muravy.
Muchato weGrand Duke paUmambo hwakaitika muna Nyamavhuvhu 22 (Gunyana 3 pasi pehunyanzvi.) Mukufungidzira kweKremlin. Muna May 1829, Nicholas ndakapinda mune kodzero yemutengesi weHumambo hwePoland.
Zvematongerwo enyika Zvematongerwo enyika
Nicholas ndakazoita kuti ive yeynhema yechiitiko. Maonero esimbe aive akavakirwa pamatanho matatu eyeRussional Society - Autocracy, Orthodoxy uye nyika. Mitemo yemamambo yakatora zvinoenderana nekuisa kwayo kusingazungunuke. Nicholas ini ndakatsvaga kusagadzira imwe nyowani, asi kuchengetedza uye kuvandudza kurongeka kuri kuitika. Nekuda kweizvozvo, monarch akawana zvinangwa zvake.
Pasi pepfungwa yemambo mutsva akasiyaniswa nevachengeti uye nekuzvipira kune iyo tsamba yeMutemo iyo yaakapa hurukuro yakakura kupfuura yaive yekutonga kwaNikolai. Emperor akatanga mabasa ezvematongerwo enyika munyika ine sumo yehutsinye yekufananidza uye kuita kuti kodhi yemitemo yeRussia. Chikamu chehofisi yakavanzika inotungamirwa neBenkendorf, iyo yakanga iine ongororo yezvematongerwo enyika.
Bhizinesi rakadhindwa rakachinjawo. Kuunganwa kwenyika kwakagadzirwa nemutemo wakakosha kwaitariswa nekuchena kwezvinhu zvakadhindwa uye zvinyorwa zvinofungidzirwa zvinopesana nehurumende yekutonga. Shanduko yakabatwa uye serfom.
Varimi vevarimi vakamiswa nyika isina kurapwa muSiberia uye mune ural, uko malimspasers akatama zvisinei nechido. Zvivakwa zvakarongeka mumamiriro etsva idzva, vakagovera New Agrotechnik. Zviitiko zvakagadzira prerequisites yekubviswa kweSerfom.
Nicholas ndairatidza kufarira kukuru mune idzo jeko muinjiniya. Muna 1837, pachitanho chamambo, kuvakwa kwechitima chekutanga kwakapedzwa, icho chakabatana neTsarskoye Selo naSt. Petersburg. Kuve nemafungiro ekuongorora uye kufanoona, Nicholas ndakashandisa weEuropean weEurope kune njanji. Saka, mambo akadzivirira njodzi yekupinda kwehunyanzvi hwekuvengi muRussia.
Nicholas ini ndaitamba hombe mukudzora kwehurongwa hwemari yenyika. Muna 1839, mambo akatanga kugadzirisa mari yacho, chinangwa chacho chaive chakabatana hurongwa hwekuverenga mari yesirivheri uye zvishandiso. Kuonekwa kweKopecks kunochinja, kune rimwe divi rokutanga kwemambo anotonga zvino rave kudhindwa. Ministry of Finance yakatangwa nekutsinhana kwemasita anokosha aripo muhuwandu, matikiti echikwereti. Mumakore gumi, pfuma yeNyika yakawedzera kuchengetedzeka kwegoridhe nesirivheri.
Kunze kwenyika
Mune mutemo wekunze, mambo akatsvaga kuderera kwekupinza mazano eRiberal kuRussia. Nicholas Ndakatsvaga kusimbisa chinzvimbo cheHurumende mumativi matatu: Western, East uye zasi. Emperor akamisa kusimuka kwese kuchikwanisika uye gadziriso Rebound paEuropean Continent, mushure maizvozvo akazotumidza kuti "Gendarme ye" Gendarme ye "Gendre yeEurope".
Achitevera Alexander I, Nicholas ndakaramba ndichivandudza hukama nePrussia neAustria. Mambo aida kusimbisa simba muCaucasus. Mubvunzo wekuMabvazuva unosanganisira kudanana neHurumende yeOttoman, kuderera kweiyo kwakaita kuti ichinje chinzvimbo cheRussia muBalkan uye kumahombekombe egungwa kweGungwa dema.
Hondo uye Kusimuka
Munguva yese yebhodhi, Nicholas ndakatungamira hutsinye kunze kwenyika. Kana tikasimudzira kusimudzira ushe, mambo akamanikidzwa kuti ataure nehondo yeKuucas, iyo yakatanga mukoma wake mukuru. Muna 1826, mambo akasunungura mushandirapamwe weRussia weRussia, mhedzisiro yekuwanikwa kweArmenia kuHurumende yeRussia.
Muna 1828, hondo yechiTurmeri yeTurkey yakatanga. Muna 1830, mauto Russian akaisa kumuka kwePoland, iyo yakamuka mushure memuchato muna 1829 naNicholas kuumambo hwePoland. Muna 1848, mhirizhonga yakabviswa muHungary yakaburitswa nehondo yeRussia zvakare.
Muna 1853, Nicholas ndakatanga hondo yematsotsi, kutora chikamu uko kwakachinjira kumutongi nekudonha kwebasa rezvematongerwo enyika. Kwete kutarisira kuti mauto eTurkey anobva kuEngland neFrance achabatsirwa, Nikolai ndakarasikirwa nemushandirapamwe wemauto. Russia yakarasika pesvedzero yegungwa, gadzirira mikana yekuvaka uye kushandisa iyo nhare yemauto pamhenderekedzo.
Hupenyu Hwako
Nikolai Pavlovich nomukadzi anotevera Chrotlotte, mwanasikana weFriedrich Wilelm wilhelm III, makore maviri gare gare, vechidiki vakanga vakaroora pane mubatanidzwa weRussia wakachengetedzwa. Muchato usati wauya, mwanasikana weGerman akagamuchira Orthodoxy, zita raAlexander Fedorovna akagamuchira murubhabhatidzo.
Kwemakore 9 ekuroora mumhuri yemuchinda mukuru, Alexander nevanasikana vatatu vakaberekerwa - Maria, Olga, Alexander. Mushure mechisere chigaro cheushe, Maria Fedorovna akauya Nicholas ndichiri vanakomana vatatu - Konstantin, Nikolai, Mikhula, nekudaro achipa chigaro choushe. Nemukadzi wake, mambo akararama zvinoenderana nerufu.
Rufu
Kurwara zvakanyanya nefuruwenza kutanga kwaita 1855, Nicholas ndakaramba ndakashinga kuramba kutya uye nekukurira uye kuderera kwehondo, mukutanga kwaFebruary kwakabuda parade isina kunze kwekunze. Emambo aida kutsigira varwi nevarume avo vaive vatove kare muhondo yetsotsi.
MuCini, ndangariro dzeNguva uye mambo anotorwa mumatare anopfuura makumi matatu. Mufananidzo weNicholas ini ndakapinda pamakona kunyange panguva yekunyarara cinema. Mune razvino art, vateereri vakarangarirwa nezvirongwa zvake zvefirimu mukuita kwevatambi v. Lionova, yu. BogatyReva, m. Boyarsky, yu. Yakovlev, M. Basharov.
Muna 199, mutambo wenhoroondo wenhoroondo "Union yeruponeso" inotungamirirwa naAlexander Cotta yakabudiswa, iyo inotaura nezve zviitiko zvinopfuura nekumuka kwacho kwakatangira kumuka kwevanosimuka. Basa ramambo rakaitwa naIvan Kolesnikov.