Biography
Hakuna chakavanzika kuti nguva dzose dzenguva dzose dzakaedza kukurudzira nyaya dzakafa. Scrongpotors yakavezwa marble ine zvifananidzo zvechifananidzo, unwod musanganiswa wemamineral pasi pebrist yeArmist, uye vanyori, pamberi pemabasa esainzi nevazivi, vasina kurondedzera nyika yenyika mumabasa avo, Asi zvakare chakabatsirawo makaja kuti utarise zviitiko zvemaziso apfuura emaziso.
Basa redzimwe yevanyori vanoverengera veFrench - Alexandra Dumas - nanhasi, tendeuka pamusoro penyika kubva pamakumbo mumusoro.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Musi waChikunguru 24, 1802, "Dhiyabhorosi" mutema "weiyo Napoleonic uto reTom naMukadzi wake Marie-Louise Labeus vakaberekerwa mwanakomana, izvo zvainzi Alexander. Mhuri yakasarudzika yaigara mune iyo commune kuchamhembe kweFrance - Willer-Kotra.
Baba venguva yemberi remangwana vaisanganisira kushandira Bonaparte uye vaionekwa sevadikani shamwari yamambo. Tandem yavo yakadonha panguva iyo mutungamiriri, azere nemirairo yemutongi wekuda okutanga eFrance, haana kutsigira chisarudzo chake pakupinda kwemauto muEjipitori.
Kwete kushingairira kushora Napoleon kwakakanganisika comrade nenzira yake yehunhu. Muna 1801, apo iyo general yakabatwa, shamwari yake yepamusoro haina kuita chero chinhu kusunungura mashura kubva pamhedziso. Makore maviri chete gare gare, kushungurudzwa uye toma nguva yakachinjana muAustrian General Mac.
Imba iyo murume akadzokera kune iyo inoperuka uye ichirwara. Kusaziva uye kupofumadza neziso rakawedzerwa kune cancer yemudumbu. Nyeredzi yake yakapera nekukurumidza sezvaaiwa. Duma sr. akafa muna 1806, uye mhuri yakawira mukunyadziswa kwamambo akasara asina kurarama.
Neichi chikonzero, mwana wemunyaradzi ane mukurumbira wepamota akapfuura mumamiriro ekunze ekuparadzwa nehurombo. Amai vake, avo vakaedza pasina kuti vagogodza mudzidzo wekudzidzira muLycalum, yakaunza mwana anofudzi anofudza nezvigadziko zvegirama uye kuverenga, uye hanzvadzi yakawedzera rudo yekutamba.
Fate yakagara pamusoro pehukuru hwenyama, uye pakupedzisira, Alexander ichiri kukwanisa kupinda mukoreji yeAbbot Grehuhara, uko murume akaunganidzwa Latin uye akatanga runyararo rwekushambadzira.
Nzvimbo yekutanga yebasa muDumas yaive hofisi yeiyo notary, umo murume wechidiki akaedza nezvebasa reMabharani. Pasinei nemari yakagadzikana, jaya iri munguva pfupi yakafukidza mhando yakafanana yemirairo uye mapepa asina simba anokura. Jaya racho akaunganidza zvinhu ndokuenda kuguta reFrance. Ikoko, nekuchengetedzwa kweaimbove waimboshanda naBaba vake, akagadzirisa munyori kumutungamiriri weiyo mauto eOleans (iyo ramangwana raMambo Louis Firipi).
Panguva imwecheteyo, Alexander anosangana nevanyori vemuno uye anotanga kugadzira yake yekutanga hunyanzvi. Muna 1829, kutamba "Heinrich III nechivanze chake", mushure mekuumbwa kwekuumbwa uko kubwinya kwaakasvika kumunyori. Mushure memakore matatu gare gare, muchitoro cheMitambo "Porm-Saint-Martin" paPreemiere yeNyskaya Shongwe yaive Allchlag. YEMAHARA isina kukwana 16 mwedzi pachiitiko, zviitwa zvinomwe zvakanunurwa.
Iyo biography yeiyo venhau yakakurumbira yakagadzira nenzira yekuti madhiri akatora chikamu chose munharaunda. Kuwedzera kune chokwadi chekuti munyori akatungamira kucherechedzwa kweguta rePompeii, aivewo nhengo yeMubatanidzwa weChikunguru weChikunguru (1830), panguva iyo iyo Musiki akatokwanisa "kuviga." Mushure mekupanduka kwakatevera pakati pehuwandu hwevanhu, mharidzo yenhema yakaonekwa pakati peshamwari iyo munyori akapfurwa nemunyori. Kutaura zvazviri, musiki wechitatu nezve "Vatatu veMusketeers" pane kuraira kweshamwari, vakabva kuParis, kwaakagadzirira chinyorwa cheiyo nyaya "Galasium neFrance".
Mabhuku
Neiyo Theatre, Duma, zvese zvakaitika nevakadzi vese: Chido chinonhuwira pakutanga uye kusava nehanya gare gare. Chiitiko chakundwa chiuno, Alexander nemusoro wake akaenda mumabhuku.
Muna 1838, Duma akapokana semunyori. Romani-Feulletone "Chevers D'Armanels" rakabudiswa mupepanhau rinonakidza, zvido zvekuita, nzvimbo yezvitsauko zvakadhindwa mukamuri yega yega yaizovimbisa zvakanyanya kuenderera mberi kuenderera mberi mumagazini inotevera.
Vashoma vanhu vanoziva, asi Munyori we "Chelier D'Armananthal" akanyorwa naAlexander akawana bhuku rekupenya uye rakabudiswa pasi pezita reimwe dhuka, asi Zvinodikanwa zvinodikanwa zveMutengi uyo akatenda kuti kubudirira chaiko kwechokwadi kwaizopa zita rakakurumbira chete.
Makore mana muDuma, murume nemukadzi vane "shamwari" yakaburitswa vanoti: "Vapikisi Monteteers", "Volunt Dristo", "Viscount." , "Counseess de Monsoro", "Joseph Balm", "vaviri Diana" uye "makumi mana neshanu".
Nhoroondo yakafamba yakawanda muEurope uye yakarota kupinda muRussia. Muna 1840, mhirizhonga yake "yekupokana" yakabuda, iyo gamba guru rayo rekununurwa harenkov. Pasinei nenyaya yekuti vari mundima yeumambo hweRussia, basa risina kupfuudza kuunganidzira muchivande kubva kumurume wake, kunyange mhemberero yemashirita Alexander Fedorovna akaverenga.
Nicholas paakafa, iyo yekutamba yaibvumidzwa kupinda muumambo. Pane imwe nguva kuHerexander Sergeevich Plaskin, munyori akashamiswa nokunakidzwa nenyaya yekuti vateereri vemunharaunda havazivi izvo zvinyorwa zveFrench uye zvine zano rebasa rake. Vakatarisa, munyori anozivikanwa akashanyira Mostersburg, uye muKalmykia, uye muAstrakhan, uye kunyange muCaucasus. Mumusha wevanotsigira, zvinyorwa zvekufamba zvakabudirira zvikuru.
Vabudiridzi zvakare yaivewo mubiki. Mune akawanda emabasa avo, anotsanangura zvakadzama kugadzirira kwemamwe marara.
Muna 1870, akaendesa kudhinda manyoro ane 800 novhi pane inokosha musoro wenyaya. "Big Culinary Dictionary" yakaona chiedza muna 1873, mushure mekufa kwemunyori. Gare gare, kopi yake yakapfupisa yakabudiswa - "diki diki duramazwi". Duma yakanga isiri, kunyange goourmeti haina dutu. Iye murume akangomesa mararamiro ane hutano pasina kunwa doro, fodya uye kofi.
Hupenyu Hwako
Kupesana nedambudziko, kusuwa kukuru kwemunyori wakakurumbira kwaisavhima, kusasunga uye kwete kunyange kuvaka. Rudo rukuru rwevatsigiri rwakaedzwa kune iyo floor. Nezve iyo ambur adventures yeanotyamadza mutambi mune zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvekunyora kwenguva iyoyo ngano.
Pakati peiyo precldent set yenhau dzine chekuita nematikirwo nemadzimai emhizha yehunyanzvi, mumwe anonyanya kumira zvakanyanya.
Dumas panguva iyoyo yaigara paRivoli mumugwagwa neFerrier - Actress, anozivikanwa nekutsamwa kwake. Vechidiki vaive vavakidzani: Musikana akaburitsa imba yepasi pechipiri, uye munyori wehupamhi ndiye makamuri matatu pazuva rechishanu.
Pane imwe nguva manheru, iyo playwright yakaenda kune bhora mumatiki. Vari munzira kuenda kuVaraidzo Chiitiko, murume akatedzemuka uye akawira mudenda. Awa gare gare, mutori venhau akatsamwisa akadzoka kumba mumatope, akaenda kumukadzi wemukadzi wake uye akatsvuka kuenda kuimba yekurara yeIda. Kuti akanganwe nyaya isingafadzi, Alexander nemusoro wake akaenda kubasa.
Izvo hazvina kupfuura nehafu yeawa ichitungamira mukamuri yekuchimbuzi yakavhurwa, uye munyori akashamiswa akaona pachikumbaridzo cheBoger De Bowwara, akati: "Ini ndinondikwanira, ini ndiri chigadzirwa!". Dumas, akasvetuka, aine rudzi runotyisa, akawira pamusoro pemudiwa wemumwe mukadzi. MuOntsov, mutori mukuru wezvekushora kutsamwa kune nyasha, achiti kurerwa hakubvumirane kuti aise mumugwagwa uye zvisingatarisirwi, asi muenzi.
Husiku ihwohwo, mubhedha wacho wokuroora mumadumbu akapatsanurwa newaunozivana naye. Mangwanani-ngwanani, uye vatatu vese vakatomuka, Alexander akabuda ruoko rweGomo reKavahara, akaisa panzvimbo yepedyo yomukadzi wayo, uye akaziviswa kwazvo.
"Roger, kuyananisa sezvo vaRoma vekare munzvimbo yeruzhinji."
Chekutanga kubatanidzwa kwemunyori wenhoroondo yaive guta reLor Lorba, aigara mumba imwe chete naye kumaItari. Mukadzi uyu aive mukuru Alexander kwemakore masere. Syengeri raisave rakaoma kukunda moyo waMarie, uye watova musi waChikunguru 27, 1824 Akamuisa nemwanakomana weAlexander, anozivikanwa nevakawanda paanotapira "Mukadzi naChillas". Dumas Baba vakaziva mwana makore manomwe kubvira paakazvarwa.
Musi waMay 26, 1864, iye aimbove anodikanwa akasangana muhofisi yaMayor pamuchato wemwanakomana wavo nemachinda tariro yeNaryshkina. A Duma-mwanakomana akafunga kuroora vabereki vakura, asi chishuwo hachina kuita chero mhinduro.
Maererano nekuverenga kweBiidhiphi, Musiki aive nemakwenzi anenge mazana mashanu. Duma kakawanda akataura kuti akange achinja kunge magurovhosi chete kubva kuvanhu, nekuti kana zvaifanira kungogumira kune mumwe mukadzi mudiki, chinhu chisina kunaka chingadai chakafa muvhiki.
Rufu
Iye munyori akakurumbira akafa musi waDecember 5, 1870. Muviri wakatengeswa nePasi muNevil-de-hafu. Hondo yapera, mwanakomana wemakirasi emabhuku epasi rose akaisiriridzwa zvasara zvevana muWiller-Kotra padivi pevabereki vake.
Mushure mekufa kwerufu rwevatsigiri, vigrifaviri vakasarudza hypotational s hypotothesis, muporofita weRussia "Alexander Sergeevin pushkin munhu mumwe chete.
Vaongorori vari mune zvanyorovedzwa vanotungamira zvinhu zvakati wandei vanomanikidzwa kusava nechokwadi chekufa kwerufu rwehunhu hwehunhu hwemabhuku epasi rose.
Pasinei nekufanana kwekunze uye nhamba yakakura ye "chena mavara" muBiography yeMusiki uye yechipiri, chirevo chepamutemo hachisati chamboitika pane iyi bhiri.
Ndangariro
Bestesellers Dumas yakadzoreredzwa nanhasi. Saka muna 2016, "muparidzi weChi" ABC "kutenderera kwakapfuurwa kwakapa hunyanzvi hwemabhuku epasi" vatatu ", uye mune 2017
Imwe yemigwagwa yeLomonosov yeDunhu rePetroDvostov re St. Petersburg rakatumidzwa zita ravaridzi.
Iyo jaestic granite block, kumusoro iyo ichinyemwerera ichinyemwerera bronze duma inowanikwa pane iyo malisarba maumbirwo muParis.
BHAIBHERI
- "Mambokadzi Margo" (1845)
- "Countess de Monsoro" (1846)
- "Makumi mana neshanu" (1847);
- "Mambokadzi mutsipa" (1849-1850);
- "Age pita" (1853);
- "Countess de Charny" (1853-1855);
- "Chevalé de Meson Rouge" (1845);
- "Askanio" (1843);
- "Vaviri Diana" (1846);
- "Peji Duke yeSavoy" (1852 gore);
- "Kufanotaura" (1858);
- "Chena uye bhuruu" (1867);
- "IEHEN AEFADES" (1857);
- "Vazvipiri vegore makumi mapfumbamwe repamhepo" (1862);
- "Wolf Mashkul" (1858).