Biography
Hupenyu hweNikolai Vasilyevich Gogol uye masayendisiti akawedzera munyori wenhoroondo achiri kuongorora biography uye epamba zvinhu zvemunyori Mukuru, uye zvinyorwa zvemunyori zvounyanzvi zvinotaura nezve zvakavanzika zvehunhu husinganzwisisike hwemabhuku. Kufarira mutoro wekutamba hakuzi kwemazana maviri emakore kwete chete nekuda kweiyo nyanzvi yemitambo, asi zvakare nekuti gogo ndeimwe yemabhuku ekuRussia ezana ramakore rechi 19.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Nanhasi hazvizivikanwe kana Nikolai Vasilyevich akaberekwa. Dzimwe Mberi tinotenda kuti gogol akaberekwa munaKurume 20, vamwe vane chivimbo chekuti zuva rechokwadi remunyori ari Kubvumbi 1, 1809.
Hudiki hweTenzi yeFyshysmagoria yakapfuura muUkraine, mumusha wakanaka kwazvo weSorochintsy Poltava mudunhu. Akakura mumhuri yakakura - kuwedzera kwaari, vamwe vakomana vashanu nevasikana vasere vakarererwa mumba (vamwe vavo vakafa muzera rekucheche).
Iye munyori mukuru ane inonakidza pedigree, inokwira kune iyo cossack dynasty gogol-yanovsky. Zvinoenderana neyemhuri ngano, sekuru veAthanasius Play Dymyanovich anovsky akawedzera kune yake chikamu chekuratidza kusungwa neropa neCossack Hetman Ostap Gogol, aigara muzana ramakore rechi 17.
Baba vemunyori, vakashanda muAfricaSyevich, vakashanda muMalarossiyevch mudunhu rehofisi, kubva kwaakabva pabasa muna 1805 mune chinzvimbo cheKoreji Muongorori. Gare gare, gogol-yanovsky pamudyandigere kuenda kuimba yetsiva (Yanovschina) uye akatanga kuita hupfumi. Vasily Afanasyevich Coet, Munyori uye Mutambi: Aiva neyemaimba yemitambo yeshamwari yake trochinsky, uye akaitwawo pachikuva sedanho.
Kune zvigadzirwa, akanyora zvinongedzo zvemitambo zvakavakirwa paUkraine folk mabhanhire uye ngano. Asi rimwe chete rebasa reGogol-sr. - "Preluach, kana hunyengeri hwemukadzi, hwakasvika nemusoja" akauya kuzovaverenga. Izvo zvinobva kuna baba Nikolai Vasilyevich vakatora rudo rwevanyori wehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi uye tarenda rekugadzira: zvinozivikanwa kuti hugol jr. kubvira humhandara hwakatanga kushandira zvakanyorwa nenhetembo. Vasily Afanasvich akafa apo Nicholas aive aine makore gumi nemashanu.
Amai vemunyori, Maria Ivanovna, Nee Kosyarovskaya, maererano nenyaya dzezvevanhu venguva dzose, yaive yakanaka uye yaionekwa seyakanakisa runako mumusha. Vese vaimuziva vakataura kuti aive munhu anonamata uye akaita dzidzo yemweya yevana. Nekudaro, dzidziso dzeGogol-yanovsky dzakaderedzwa kuti dzirege kumisikidza kwechiKristu uye minamato, asi kuporofita pamusoro pedare rakaipisisa.
Zvinozivikanwa kuti mukadzi weGoGol-Yanovsky akaroora aine makore gumi nematatu. Nikolay vaasilevich aive pedyo naamai vake uye akatobvunza zano pane zvake zvinyorwa. Vamwe vanyori vanotenda kuti nekuda kwaMariya Ivanovna, kusika kwaGogol kunopihwa neFantastics uye kusanzwisisika.
Huvedu uye vechidiki Nikolai Vasilevich akaitika akakomberedzwa nehupenyu hwepamoyo uye hwakatangwa uye hwakatsihwa neiyo meshchani inoratidza zvakapusa mumabasa ake.
Nicholas paakanga aine makore gumi, akaendeswa kuPltava, kwaakadzidza sainzi muchikoro, uye akabva adzidza nekuverenga mumudzidzisi weGabriel Sorochsky. Mushure meKudzidziswa Kirasi, murume wechidiki ane makore gumi nematanhatu akava mudzidzi mumitambo yekurovedza muviri wemajesa epamusoro muguta reNezhin wedunhu reCherniiv. Kuwedzera kune chokwadi chekuti remangwana remabhuku aive nehutano husina kusimba, akange asati akasimba muzvidzidzo zvake, kunyangwe aive nekuyeuka kwakasiyana. Nesainzi chaiyo yeNicholas, hukama hadzina kubhadharwa, asi akabudirira mumabhuku eRussia nemabhuku.
Vamwe vaBiioghrah vanopokana kuti iyo yekurovedza muviri yaive yekupomera dzidzo yakadzika kudaro, pane munyori wechidiki. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti mumakore iwayo, vadzidzisi vasina simba vakashanda muNezinsky Gymnasium, uyo aisakwanisa kuronga kudzidza kwakanaka kuvadzidzi. Semuenzaniso, ruzivo mune zvidzidzo zvedzidzo yetsika haina kuburitswa kwete kuburikidza nedzidziso dzevazivi rakanaka, asi nerubatsiro rwezvevazivi zvakaringana, mudzidzisi wezvemabhuku haana kubuda pasi pagumbo rake nenguva, achifunga iyo pushkin yekirasi ye Zana ramakore rechi 18.
Munguva yezvidzidzo zvake, Gogol, zvigadzirwa zvemitambo uye zviitiko zvakavandudzwa uye zviitiko zvakavandudzwa. Pakati pevameresi, Nikolai Vasilvich akafamba comic uye murume anenge achinge. Munyori akataura naNikolai Prokovich, Alexander Danilevsky, Nestor Dollhouse nevamwe.
Mabhuku
Gogol akatanga kufarira chitarisiko chemunyori mumakore emudzidzi. Akaremerwa A.S. Pushkin, kunyange zvisikwa zvake zvekutanga zvaive kure nemhando yedetembi huru, uye yakaenda kumabasa ePrewumev marlinky.
Akanyora Eregia, Faken, nhetembo, akaedza iye mu prose uye mamwe marudzi emanyorero. Munguva yezvidzidzo zvake, ivo vakanyorwa naSatira "chimwe chinhu nezve zvisiri-pekugara, kana mapenzi haana kunyora mutemo", izvo zvisingasvike nhasi. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti jaya racho rakatariswa nejaya racho raiita senge mutambo, uye kwete nyaya yehupenyu.
Runyoro rwaive rweGog, "ray yechiedza muumambo hwakasviba" uye rakabatsira kukanganisa kubva kunhamo dzemweya. Ipapo zvirongwa zveNikolai vaSildevich hazvina kujeka, asi iye aida kushandira nyika yake uye kuti ave anobatsira vanhu, kutenda kuti aive akamirira ramangwana rakanaka.
Munguva yechando ya 1828, Gogol anoenda kuCustomer Capital - Petersburg. Muguta rinotonhora uye rakasvibira reNikolai Vasilvilevich rakanga rakamirira kuora mwoyo. Akaedza kuva mukuru, uye akaedzawo kupinda mubasa romutorwa, asi kuedza kwake kose kwakakundwa. Mumabhuku chete chete aakakwanisa kuwana mikana yekuwana uye kuzviratidza.
Asi mumunyori Nikolai Vasilyevich, sezvo magazini akazadzikiswa chete mabasa maviri eGogol - nhetembo "nedunhu rerudo", rakabudiswa pasi pePseudominom V. ALOV. "Idylli mune pendi" akagamuchira nhamba yekudzokorora isina kunaka uye yekuongorora kwevatsoropodzi. Mushure mekukundwa kwekugadzira, Gogol akapotsa zvese zvinyorwa zvechitunha uye akazvipisa mukamuri rake. Nikolai Vasilyevich haana kuramba mabhuku, kunyangwe mushure mekukundikana kukuru, kukundikana neGanz Kyehelgarton akamupa mukana wekuchinja genre.
Muna 1830, nyaya isinganzwisisike yeGogol "Manheru Ivan Kupala" yakabudiswa mumagazini inozivikanwa "zvinyorwa zveveruzhinji".
Gare gare, munyori anosangana neBaron Delvig uye anotanga kudhindwa mumabhuku ake "zvinyorwa zvinyorwa" uye "maruva ekumaodzanyemba".
Pashure pekubudirira kweGogol, akagamuchirwa mumutengo wekuverenga. Akatanga kutaurirana ne pushkin uye zhuhuvsky. Inoshanda "manheru papurazi pedyo neDikanka", "Husiku pamberi peKisimusi", "nzvimbo yakaiswa", yakarongedzwa nemusanganiswa weUkraine Epraes, akaita fungidziro yetauro yeRussia.
Zvirikuti iyo Alexander Sergeyevich yakapa Nikolai Vasilyevich kuenda Nikolai Vasilyevich yemabasa matsva. Akakurudzira mazano emarongero eiyo nhetembo "mweya akafa" (1842) uye comedy "Auditor" (1836). Zvisinei, p.v. Annenkov anotenda kuti pushkin "haana kumugamuchira nemufaro nemufaro."
Nikolai Vasilyevich ainakidzwa nenhoroondo yeMaliroria, anova munyori we "Mirgorod" kuunganidza, kunosanganisira tras bata. Gogol mune tsamba kuna amai Maria Ivanovna akakumbira kuti ataure nezve hupenyu hwevanhu vari kunze.
Muna 1835, anobuda kunze kwenyaya yeGogol "viy" (inosanganisirwa muMirgorod) nezve nedadhimoni hunhu hweSturity Epic. Maererano nehurongwa hwemarongerwo enyika, vatatu vakabuda munzira vasinganzwisisike purazi, vane mistrakari waive huroyi chaihwo. Hunhu hukuru hwaHoma huchatarisana nezvisikwa zvisingaitike, tsika dzeChechi uye muroyi unobhururuka mubhokisi.
Muna 1967, iyo yekutanga Soviet inotyisa firimu pane kutungamira kwe gogol "vii" yakaiswa nevatungamiriri ve konstantin Ershv naGeorge Krutanin. Maitiro makuru akaitwa naLeonid Kuravlev naNatalia varley.
Muna 1841, gogo inonyora nyaya isingafi "Sinel". Mubasa raNikolai Vasilyevich rinotaura nezve "murume mudiki" akaki akiyevich bashkkin, uyo akanyangarika kusvika padanho rekuti chinhu chakawanda chacho chinobva chava mufaro uye kukurudziro.
Hupenyu Hwako
Achitaura nezvehunhu hwemunyori we "Auditor", zvakakodzera kuti urege kusvika paAmbanasyevich, kuwedzera kurwara kwekufa - chirwere chepfungwa uye chekutya kufa, icho chakatanga kuzviratidza kubva mutambi wekutamba kubva mudiki. Izvi zvakanyorwa neveruzhinji v..g. Korolenko naDr. Bazhenov, Kubva pane iyo autobiographic zvinhu zveGogol uye Epistolar Nhaka.
Kana panguva yeSoviet Union pane kushushikana kwemweya weNikolai Vasilyevich, yaive tsika kunyarara, ruzivo rwakadaro runonyanya kufadza muverengi wekare Eradite. Zvinotendwa kuti gogol akatambura kubva panhau yemanyepo ane hunyanzvi hwenzvimbo (bipolar anokanganisa hunhu): Iyo inonakidza uye yakanangana nemunyori wechidiki yakatsiviwa nekuora mwoyo kwakapinza, hypochondria uye kupererwa.
Yakanetseka pfungwa dzake kusvika parufu. Akareurura zvakare mutsamba, iyo yaiwanzonzwa "mazwi esalo ari kumushanyira kure. Nemhaka yehupenyu muupenyu husingagumi, Gogol akava munhu anonamata uye akatungamira mararamiro anozowedzera. Aida vakadzi, asi ari kure kure: Kazhinji aimboti Maria Ivanovna, iri kusiya kunze kwenyika kune mumwe mukadzi.
Akaitawo tsamba nevasikana vanehamo vekirasi dzakasiyana (naMaria Balabina, Grandeen Anna Weillgorskaya nevamwe), vachiita kuti vadanana uye vanomitemo. Munyori haana kufarira kushambadza hupenyu hwega, kunyanya zvinhu zvakajeka. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Nikolai VasilEvich haana vana. Nekuda kwekuti munyori asina kuroora, pane dzidziso yeungochani. Vamwe vanotenda kuti haana kumbobvira ave neukama huchienda kuPlatonic.
Rufu
Kufa kwekutanga kwaNikolai Vasilyevich paGore reMakore regumi nemana rehupenyu vachiri kunakidzwa nepfungwa dzesaenzi, vanyori venhoroondo nevarume venhoroondo. Zvinoshamisa ngano dzinoshamisa nezveGogol, uye nezvechokwadi cherufu rweViitieri nhaka nhaka nanhasi.
Mumakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu, Nikolai Vasilyevich akasimbisa dambudziko rekugadzira. Aibatanidzwa nekubva kwekutanga kubva kumukadzi uye kupa mhosva nyaya yake neArchpriest math konsicinovsky, vakatenda zvakare kushorwa kweGogol uye vakatenda kuti munyoriwo aisanyungudika. Pfungwa dzorima dzakaratidza pfungwa dzechitoro, kubva munaFebruary 5 Akaramba Chikafu. Musi waFebruary 10, Nikolai VasilEvich "anokurudzirwa nemweya wakaipa" akapiswa nemanyoro, uye 18, achiramba achichengeta chinzvimbo chikuru, achipinda mumubhedha nekuwedzera kwakapinza muhutano.
Tenzi weminhenga akaramba kurapwa, akamirira rufu. Vanachiremba vakaratidzira chirwere chekusimbisa chemberi, vangangodaro Typus nedumbu, pakupedzisira vanoisa munyori nemanyowa eMeningitis, izvo chete zvakawedzera mamiriro emweya uye mumuviri waNikolai Vasilyevich. Mangwanani aFebruary 21, 1852, Gogol akafa muimba yekuverenga kweTolstoy muMoscow.
Ndangariro
Mabasa emunyori anokumanikidza kudzidza mune zvikoro uye masangano epamusoro ezvidzidzo. Mukurangarira Nicolae Vasilevelevich muUSSR uye dzimwe nyika, masitampu ekutumira akapihwa. Iro zita reGogo mumigwagwa, mutambo unoshamisa, instatucucal institution uye kunyange crater pane iyo Planet Mercury.Kune zvisikwa zve master hyperboles uye grotesque, zvigadzirwa zvemitambo zvichiri kugadzirwa uye mabasa emagetsi emagetsi anobviswa. Saka, muna 2017, mutariri wechiRussia anotarisira yekutanga yeiyo gothic detic yakatevedzana "Gogol. Kutanga "naAlexander Petrov uye Oleg Menshikov mumabasa akakwira.
Chokwadi chinonakidza
MuBiography yezvisinganzwisisike kutamba pane chokwadi chinonakidza, vese havazotsanangurwa kunyange mubhuku rose.
- Maererano nerunyerekupe, Gogol akatya mabhanan'ana, sezvo chiitiko chechisikirwo chakaita psyche yake.
- Munyori akararama zvisina kunaka, akafamba nenguo dzekare. Nyaya inodhura chete muWardrobe yake inzvimbo yegoridhe yakapihwa naZhukovsky mukuyeuka kwespurkin.
- Amai vaNikolai Vasilyevich vakafamba mukadzi asingazivikanwe. Aive mashura, akatenda mune zvemweya uye aigara achitongedzerwa nyaya dzinoshamisa dzakashongedzwa nemaficha.
- Maererano nerunyerekupe, mazwi ekupedzisira eGogo aive achiti: "Kufa kunotapira."
- Kusimudzira gogol yakafuridzirwa mikhail bulgakov.
- Nikolai Vasilyevich Adhirane Sweets, saka muhomwe dzake dzinogara dzikanganisa pipi uye zvidimbu zve shuga. Zvakare, Proshaya Russian aifarira kuchimanikidza zvimedu zvingwa mumaoko ake - zvakabatsira kuisa pfungwa pane pfungwa.
- Munyori airwadza chitarisiko, kunyanya mhino yake yaitsamwiswa.
- Gogol aitya kuti yaizokombererwa, ichirota ichirota. Kunyora hunyanzvi kwakabvunza kuti mune ramangwana muviri wake waakatengesa pasi chete mushure mekuonekwa kwemavara emuviri. Zvinoenderana nengano, Gogol akamuka mubhokisi. Pakauya mutumbi wemunyori, ashamisika avo varipo vakaona kuti musoro wevakafa waendeswa.
BHAIBHERI
- "Manheru ari papurazi pedyo neDikanka" (1831-1832)
- "Nyaya yekuti Ivan Ivandevich akakavara neIvan Nikiforovich" (1834)
- "Viy" (1835)
- "Starlavetsky Valaders" (1835)
- Taras Bulba (1835)
- "Nevsky Prospekt" (1835)
- "Auditor" (1836)
- "Mhino" (1836)
- "Zvinyorwa Zvekupenga" (1835)
- "Mufananidzo" (1835)
- "Stroller" (1836)
- "Muchato" (1842)
- "Mweya Wakafa" (1842)
- "SHINEL" (1843)