Biography
Vatsoropodzi vezvakatsoropodza vanopokana kuti nzira yehunyanzvi yakagadzirwa nekirasi yakachinja nhetembo dzeNove yechipiri hafu yezana rexix. Ivan turnevev akatanga kunzwa kuti anonzwa kubuda kwe "murume mutsva" - makumi matanhatu, akamuratidza munhevedzano yake ine mbiri. Madzibaba nevana vake. " Kutenda kumunyori wechokwadi muRussia, izwi rekuti "nuniist" rakazvarwa. Ivan Sergeevich akaunza mufananidzo we compatriot, uyo akagamuchira tsananguro "turnev musikana".Hudu uye Vechidiki
Imwe yembiru yezvinyorwa zveRussia yeRussia muOrel, mumhuri yekare yekuziva, yakazvarwa. Ihudiki hweIvan Sergeevich rakaitirwa muzvivakwa zvivakwa zveSPassky-LUNVIVINOTE pedyo neMTsensk. Akava mwanakomana wechipiri weVatatu, akaberekerwa kuVarvara Latovinova uye Sergey Turgev.
Hupenyu hwemhuri hwevabereki hwaisashanda kunze. Ivo Baba, avo vakadzungudza mamiriro eiyo akanaka-mutyairi, akaroora kuti arege kunaka, asi musikana akapfuma weVarvar, aive mukuru pane makore matanhatu. Kana Ivan turgenev akatendeuka gumi nevaviri, baba vake vakasiya mhuri, vakasiya vakoma nevaroora vatatu. Mushure memakore mana, Sergey Nikolayevich akafa. Nenguva isipi, mwanakomana mudiki waSergey akafa neshungu.
Nicholas naIvan vakanga vawira - mai vacho vaive nehunhu hwakadhupa. Akangwara uye akadzidza mukadzi bored muhuduku uye vechidiki zvakanyanya kushungurudzika. Baba Vavara Latovinova akafa mwanasikana achiri mwana. Amai, mukadzi wekufungidzira uye anopesvedzera, mufananidzo weiaverengi vakaona mune nyaya yeTurenlov "Rufu", vakaroora zvakare. Vanababa vokurera vakamwa uye havana kuzeza kurova nekunyadzisa kanza. Kwete iyo nzira yakanaka yekukumbira mwanasikana wake uye amai vake. Nemhaka yehutsinye hwaamai uye kurohwa, musikana akatiza akaberekerwa nababamunini vake, vakasiya munyaridzo mushure mekufa kwavo vanhu zviuru zvishanu.
Amai vaisaziva amai vacho semwana, kunyangwe aida vana, kunyanya Vanya, asi akatendeukira kwavari nenzira imwechete nebasa rake - vanakomana vake vairangarirwa neRiremekedzi rwaamai nekusingaperi. Pasinei nehasha akatsamwa, Varara prirovna aive mukadzi akadzidza. Akataura naye kumba kwake chete muFrench, vachidikanwa zvakafanana kubva kuIvan neNicholas. Iyo SPassky yakachengeta raibhurari yakapfuma, inosanganisira kunyanya yemabhuku eFrance.
Ivan turnevev pa9, mhuri iyi yakatamira kuguta, kumba kuEglinke. Amai vakaverenga zvakawanda uye vakadzidzisa muvana rudo kune mabhuku. Kugadzirira vanyori veFrance, Lutovinov-Turgenev vakatevera zvinyorwa zvinyorwa, vaive shamwari neVasily zhukovsky uye Mikhail zagoskin. Varvara Petrovna Zvakanyatsoziva Basa raNikolai Kamzin, Alexander Puskin, Nikolai Gogol uye akazviisa mumazai nemwanakomana wake.
Kuumbwa kweIvan turneng kwaiita vatongi kubva kuGermany neFrance, uko kwavari kudemba mari. Kufuma kwebhuku reRussia kune munyori remangwana rakavhura serfs Camdiner Feder lobaniov, uyo akava prototype yegamba renyaya "punin naBappabatin".
Mushure mekutamira kuMoscow, Ivan turjgev yakanga yakatemwa muGesthouse Ivan Krause. Kumba uye munzvimbo dzakazvimiririra, mubatiri wechidiki akapfuura kosi yechikoro chekondari, pazera ramakore gumi nemashanu rakava mudzidzi weyunivhesiti yeMoscow. Pakarukwa zvemabhuku, Ivan turgenev akaitwa kosi, akabva aendeswa kuSt.
Mumakore evadzidzi, turgeneved yakashandurira nhetembo dzeShekespeare naIshe Bayron uye vakarota voita mudetembi.
Sezvo anga agamuchira diploma muna 1838, Ivan turenv akaenderera mberi nedzidzo yake kuGermany. MuBerlin, akateerera nzira yehurukuro yunivhesiti pahunyanzvi nePhilology, akanyora nhetembo. Mushure mezororo reKisimusi muRussia, Turnev vakaenda kwemwedzi mitanhatu kuenda kuItari, kubva kwaakadzokera kuBerlin.
Muchirimo cha 1841, Ivan turgenev akasvika muRussia uye mugore akapfuura iyo bvunzo, agamuchira degree raTenzi muhunyanzvi kuYunivhesiti ye St. Petersburg. Muna 1843, akagamuchira chinzvimbo muhushumiro yemukati, asi rudo rwekunyora uye mabhuku akatendeuka.
Mabhuku
Kekutanga Ivan Turenev akataura mukudhinda muna 1836, akaburitsa ongororo paBhuku raAndrei Muravyov "Rwendo rwekuenda kunzvimbo dzinoyera". Kwapera gore, ini ndakanyora uye ndakaburitsa nhetembo "dzakadzima mugungwa", "Fyshmagoria pamanheru eLunar" uye "kurara".
Mukurumbira wakauya muna 1843, apo Ivan sergevich yakanyorwa nhetembo dzaParamende dzakabvumidzwa neVissarion Belinsky. Pasina nguva turgenev naBellinsky vakaswedera pedyo nenzira iyo iyo munyori wechidiki akave munyori wechidiki uyu ainamata Mwari weMwanakomana wekutsoropodza. Rapprocement ne belinsky uye nikolai nekrasov akapesvedzera Biography yeIvan turgenic "Kufema".
Ivan turnenev akadzokera kuRussia muna 1850. Aigara mumugove wekubereka mwana, panguva iyoyo muMostersburg, kwayakatora mitambo, yaibudirira kufamba mumatare ematare maviri.
Muna 1852, Nikolai Gogol anga asiri. Ivan turenev akashamisa chiitiko chinosiririsa neanotsigira chiitiko, asi muStrersburg, maererano nemirairo yemutariri weDare reKedanho, Alexei Musina Plonded, akarambwa kuburitsa. Anoshinga kuisa chinyorwa chepepanhau reTurgenevic "Moscow Vedomosti". Muchengeti haana kukanganwira kusateerera. Musin-Pushkin anonzi Gogol "munyori Lacéi", asina kukodzera kutaura munharaunda, uye zvakare kuti ayeuke Alexander puskin uye mikhail leermontov mune yakavhurika.
Censor akanyora mushumo wa mambo Nikolai I. Ivan Sergeevich, uyo ari kufungidzira nekuda kwekufamba kwenguva, achitaura neBellinsky uye mafungiro ake, akaunza kutsamwa kukuru kwevakuru.
MunaApril wegore rimwe chetero, munyori akaiswa pasi pekuchengetwa kwemwedzi, ndokuzoendeswa kusungwa kumba muzvivakwa. Makore rimwe nehafu, Ivan turnev aive asina basa muSpassky, makore matatu aive asina kodzero yekubva munyika.
Zvinotyisa zveTurgenever nezvekurambidzwa kwekuburitswa kwe "Hunter's zvinyorwa" bhuku rakaparadzaniswa harina kururamisirwa: Muunganidzwa wenyaya dzakambobudiswa mu "rostery", yakabuda. Kuti uwane mvumo yekudhinda bhuku, Vladimir Lvov mukuru akashanda mukushevedzera kwakadzingwa. Kutenderera kunosanganisira nyaya "bezhin luga", "Biryuk", "vaimbi", "mudzidzisi". Nezviparadzi, zvinyorwa zvevhu zvaisave nengozi, asi zvakaunganidzwa pamwe chete zvaive zvemiinhi-zorodza.
Ivan turgenevev akanyora kuti vakuru uye vana. Vaverengi vadiki proter vakaparadzira ngano uye nyaya dzekutarisa, "Imbwa" uye "njiva", rakanyorwa nemutauro wakapfuma.
Mumusha wevakavanzika, iyo Classic yakanyora nyaya ye "Mumu", pamwe nezvinoongororwa "neanodzingwa." Onde "," Vanababa, vanoputa fora muhupenyu hweRussia .
Kunze kwenyika, Ivan turnev akaenda muzhizha ra 1856. Munguva yechando, muParis, akapedzisa nyaya yeLlomy "rwendo muPolesie". MuGermany, muna 1857, akanyora "ASYA" - nyaya yakashandurwa mukati mehupenyu hwemunyori kumitauro yeEurope. Prototype yeAsia, yakazvarwa mumuchato wemuroora uye nemutengesi, vatsoropodzi vanofunga mwanasikana weTurine Brewer uye zvisiri pamutemo hanzvadzi-yakashandiswa sista
Kunze, Ivan turnev zvinonzvera akatevera hupenyu hwetsika hweRussia, akaenderana nevanyori vabva munyika, vataurwa nevatorwa. Varifambikwazve vaiona muchuchisi wehunhu hunopesana. Mushure mekusiyana-tsika kwevakadzvinyirira ve "anorarama paraficha", iyo yakava mujaho weDemoltariurity demokrani, turgenev yakatanga nemagazini yacho. Asi, takadzidza nezvekurambidzwa kwechinguva che "vanhu" panguva iyoyo, akataura mukudzivirira kwake.
Munguva yehupenyu hweWest, Ivan Sergevich akapinda mumhirizhonga refu neLV TolStoy, Feor Dostoevsky na nicholas nekrasov. Mushure mekuburitswa kwebhuku, "madzibaba nevana", akakora ruzhinji rwevanhu vanonzi vanoenderera mberi.
Ivan turgenevanav akatanga vevanyori veRussia vakagamuchira kuzivikanwa muEurope senyepo. MuFrance, akave pedyo nevanyori - kuchidzivirirwa chaizvo Merim, hama dzeGangss, Emil Zol neGusave Furabhu, uyo akava shamwari yepedyo.
Muchirimo cha 1879, turgenev akauya kuSt. Petersburg, kwaakanosangana nejaya. Kunakidzwa nekushanya kwemunyori akakurumbira haana kugoverana zviremera, achipa IVan Sergeevich kuti kugara kwenguva refu kwemunyori muguta hakuitike.
Muchirimo chegore rimwe chete, Ivan turgenevv akashanyira Britain - muOxford University, iyo Russian Prose Disitory Chiremba akapiwa.
Munguva dzepenilimate, turgenev dzakauya kuRussia muna 1880. MuMoscow, akapinda pakuvhurwa kwechifananidzo kuna Alexander pushkin, aakafunga mudzidzisi mukuru. Russian Mutauro Wemutauro Wakatsigirwa uye rutsigiro "pamazuva ekufunga zvinorwadza" pamusoro pekupedzisira kwemufambiro.
Hupenyu Hwako
Mukadzi anouraya anova rudo rwehupenyu hwese hwemunyori, Heinrich Heine achienzaniswa nemamiriro ezvinhu, "anotyisa uye anoshamisa uye exotic". Muimbi weSpanish-French muimbi viardo, mukadzi akaderera uye akatsvedza, aive mahwanda makuru emombe, muromo wakakura uye maziso. Asi apo Polina akaimba, akashandurwa kwazvo. Panguva yakadai, turkov akaona muimbi ndokudanana kweupenyu hwese, kwemakore makumi mana akasara.
Hupenyu hwaProda hwaProd usati wasangana naViardo akafanana nemitambo yeAmerican. Rudo rwekutanga iyo Ivan turgeneviv ine Hornie yakataurwa mune imwecheteyo nyaya, inorwadza murume wechidiki wemakore gumi nemashanu. Akadanana nemuvakidzani Katten, mwanasikana waPrinugini Shakhovskaya. Kuodzwa mwoyo kwakatora nguvai Ivan paakaziva kuti "akachena" akachena "
Jaya racho rakaodzwa mwoyo mu "vasikana" vanokudzwa uye vakatsausa meso ake pavasikana vakareruka - iyo nhare yemutengesi. Imwe yeiyo isina kusarudzika runako ruvhu rwakaipa ruchenge ivanov - ndakabereka Ivan turgenev's mwanasikana pelagigi. Asi, achifamba muEurope, munyori akasangana nevardo, uye Avdota akaramba ari apfuura.
Ivan Sergeevich akasangana nemurume wemuimbi, Louis, uye akava akaipisisa mumba mavo. Varidzi veTurengev, shamwari dzemunyori uye biographers dzaibata nemafungiro pamusoro pemubatanidzwa uyu. Vamwe vanomuti sublime uye platonic, vamwe vanotaura nezvehuwandu hwakawanda hwakasiya muridzi weRussia muridzi wemba mumba maPolina naLouis. Murume waViardo kuburikidza neminwe yake akatarisa kubatana kweTurwogev nemukadzi wake uye akatenderwa kugara mumba mavo kwemwedzi. Zvinotendwa kuti baba vekubereka vesango, mwanakomana wePolina neLouis - Ivan Turgenev.
Amai vemunyori havana kubvuma kutaurirana uye vakarota kuti mhosva yavanofarira yaizotonhorerwa, inoroora hukuru hukudzo uye unopa vazukuru vevakuru. Pelagey Varara Petrovna haana kunyunyuta, akaona madhiri mairi. Ivan Sergeevich aifarira uye ndine urombo mwanasikana wake.
Polina Viardo, achiteerera kuseka kweambuya vambuya, akapinda nekunzwira tsitsi musikana ndokuhutora mumba make. Pelgia akatendeuka kuita polinte uye akakura pamwe nevana veVIRDO. Mukuita zvakanaka zvakakodzera kuti titarishi-polynenet turnenv haina kugoverana kuda kwababa vake kweViare, vachitenda kuti mukadzi uyu akaba kwake munhu.
Kutonhorera muhukama hweTurgenev uye viardo kwakauya mushure memakore matatu kupatsanurwa, izvo zvakaitika nekuda kwekusungwa kwemudzidzi. Kuedza kukanganwa iyo inouraya iyo Ivan tur turgenev yakatora kaviri. Muna 1854, munyori ane makore makumi matatu nematanhatu akasangana neyunivhoni yehudyu Olga, mwanasikana waMousin. Asi kana muchato wakadzimwa pane iyo hanzi, Ivan sergeevich yakanyungudutswa pane polina. Kwete kuda kutyora hupenyu hwemusikana ane makore gumi nemasere, turkov akabvuma rudo rweViardo.
Kuedza kwekupedzisira kupukunyuka kubva mumaoko emuFrance kwakaitika muna 1879, apo Ivan turgenevev yakatsvaga makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu. Actress Maria Sache haana kutyisidzira mutsauko wezera - Mudiwa wacho akazova vaviri vakapfuura. Asi vaviri vacho muna 1882 vakaenda kuParis, Masha akaona zvinhu zvakawanda uye mashable akafanana nemukarava wake mudzimba romurume / mukadzi wezana, uye akaziva kuti aive akanaka kwazvo.
Rufu
Muna 1882, mushure mekuparadzanisa naSalin, Ivan turjgev akarwara. Vanachiremba vakaisa kuongororwa kwekunhuhwirira kwegomarara remapfupa. Akafa munyori pane bhiza rekunze kwenguva yakareba uye zvinorwadza.
Muna 1883, turkov yakange yashanda muParis. Mwedzi yekupedzisira yehupenyu hweIvan turwogenv akafara kusvika pakurwadziwa kwekunakirwa kunogona kuve - padivi pake kwaida mukadzi anodiwa. Pashure porufu, akagara nhaka yenzvimbo yeTurgenev.
Iyo Classic yakafa muAugust 22, 1883. Mutumbi wake wakaendeswa kuSt. Petersburg musi waGunyana 27. Kubva kuFrance kuenda kuRussia Ivan TurnEv vakaperekedza mwanasikana waPolina, Claudia viardo. Kuviga munyori mu St. Petersburg Wolf Cemetery.
Alexander II, uyo akadana zita rekuti Turnevhe, akapindura akafa kurufu rwaNigilista aine zororo.
BHAIBHERI
- 1855 - "Rudin"
- 1858 - "Noble dendere"
- 1860 - "PaEvha"
- 1862 - "Vanababa Navana"
- 1867 - "Utsi"
- 1877 - "Novon"
- 1851-73 - "Hunter's zvinyorwa"
- 1858 - "Asya"
- 1860 - "rudo rwekutanga"
- 1872 - "Maronda"